The Civil Aviation (Aeronautical Telecommunication Communication Systems) Regulations, 2018

AI-assisted research summary: Names the instrument: "Civil Aviation (Aeronautical Telecommunication Communication Systems) Regulations, 2018."

AI-assisted research summary: Treats "discrete contiguous time slots" as the fundamental shared resource.

AI-assisted research summary: The Regulations apply to persons providing Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Services within designated air spaces and at aerodromes, but do not apply to persons providing such services to state aircraft.

AI-assisted research summary: Minimum requirements for planning, installation, commissioning, training, operations and maintenance of the Communications, Navigation and Surveillance facilities must conform to these regulations.

AI-assisted research summary: An Air Navigation Services Provider must provide communication, navigation and surveillance services and facilities so that the telecommunication information and data necessary for safe, regular and efficient air navigation is available.

AI-assisted research summary: Section interface and functional specifications of the support service;

AI-assisted research summary: Requires air navigation service providers to keep and control operational documentation and recordings, maintain and make available necessary records, and retain documents for specified minimum periods.

AI-assisted research summary: An Air Navigation Services Provider must develop and maintain an operations manual demonstrating compliance with these regulations.

AI-assisted research summary: Air Navigation Services providers must establish inspection, testing and security procedures for communication, navigation and surveillance facilities and the security programme must specify physical security requirements to minimise risk to those facilities.

AI-assisted research summary: Require radio navigation aids to be available for aircraft and to be subjected to periodic ground and flight inspections after an accident or incident.

AI-assisted research summary: The provision requires the On‑the‑Job Training officer to complete an instructional techniques course, requires technical staff to complete competency‑based training and be certified, and requires the air navigation service provider to be satisfied of technical competence.

AI-assisted research summary: Air navigation service providers must establish, document and operate procedures for reporting, investigating and preventing facility malfunctions and radio-frequency interference, keep frequency records, designate responsible frequency controllers, and ensure operational-status information is provided and erroneous-signal facilities are not allowed to continue.

AI-assisted research summary: Air navigation service providers must develop a proficiency certification program for Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnel; the Authority must certify those personnel in line with Civil Aviation Regulations.

AI-assisted research summary: The air navigation service provider must conduct a safety case when commissioning safety-critical systems, apply human factors to aeronautical telecommunication facilities, publish operational information for new or changed facilities and ensure accuracy, and establish procedures and recovery times for interruptions or upgrades to communication, navigation and surveillance systems.

AI-assisted research summary: A person who wants to provide air navigation services or operate a supporting facility must hold an Air Navigation Service Providers certificate issued under the referenced Civil Aviation Regulations.

AI-assisted research summary: Persons may not provide Air Navigation Services or operate communication, navigation and surveillance facilities in designated airspace and aerodromes unless those systems are approved by the Authority; ANSPs must notify the Authority at least thirty (30) days before procuring, installing, using, decommissioning, upgrading or relocating such facilities; the Authority must approve those activities.

AI-assisted research summary: The Authority must carry out safety inspections and audits of Communication Navigation and Surveillance facilities, including their documents and records; an inspector of the Authority is entitled to unrestricted access to a service provider's facilities, installations, records and documents to determine compliance.

AI-assisted research summary: The facilities in subregulation (1) shall be installed by licensed ait s with relevant ratings for the facilities.

AI-assisted research summary: The section states that the section is commissioned to meet the specifications for that facility.

AI-assisted research summary: Aeronautical Telecommunication Network communication services listed in subregulation (1) must support Aeronautical Telecommunication Network applications.

AI-assisted research summary: The Aeronautical Telecommunication Network must use either ISO OSI standards or Internet Society IP Suite standards; the Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network/Aeronautical Message Handling System gateway must ensure interoperability between AF_TN stations/networks and the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network.

AI-assisted research summary: The Aeronautical Telecommunication Network must support the Data Link Initiation Capability applications when air-ground data links are implemented.

AI-assisted research summary: Section 23. Air-ground applications Section Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Contract;

AI-assisted research summary: Section title referencing Ground-Ground Applications and Air Traffic Service Interfacility Data Communication.

AI-assisted research summary: An Aeronautical Telecommunication Network host must be capable of supporting the ATN/Internet Protocol Suite upper layers, including an application layer.

AI-assisted research summary: An Aeronautical Telecommunication Network / Open System Interconnection end-system must be capable of supporting the OSI Upper Layer Communications Service (session, presentation and application layers).

AI-assisted research summary: Internet Protocol Suite routers must support the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network layer using IPv6 and multiprotocol extensions.

AI-assisted research summary: An ATN Intermediate System must support the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network layer according to ISO Connectionless Network Protocol and ISO Inter-domain routing protocol.

AI-assisted research summary: Addressing and naming plans for the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network must allow Authorities and Organizations to assign addresses and names within their own administrative domains.

AI-assisted research summary: Air Traffic Network systems must authenticate peers, message sources, and ensure message data integrity; only the controlling Air Traffic Services unit may give air traffic control instructions in its airspace.

AI-assisted research summary: Point-to-multipoint telecommunication service via satellite to support dissemination of Aeronautical Information must be based on full-time, non-pre-emptible, protected services as defined by the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector recommendations.

AI-assisted research summary: Satellite service for dissemination of World Area Forecast System products using C-band (earth-to-satellite, 6 Gigahertz) and 4 Gigahertz (satellite-to-earth) bands.

AI-assisted research summary: Mobile-satellite systems providing Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite (Route) Service must meet these Regulations; such systems must support packet data, voice, or both; regional agreements must give at least two years' notice for mandatory carriage; the Authority must coordinate implementation.

AI-assisted research summary: Sets RF operation rules for Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite (Route) Service systems and Aircraft Earth Stations: systems must use properly allocated and ITU-protected bands; Aircraft Earth Station emissions must be controlled to avoid harmful interference; emissions must not interfere with other aircraft's Aircraft Earth Stations; and equipment must operate properly with up to a 25 per cent cumulative change in receiver noise temperature (ΔT/T).

AI-assisted research summary: Aircraft earth stations and ground earth stations must be designed so prioritized Civil Aviation messages are not delayed; Aeronautical Mobile‑Satellite (Route) Service packets and voice calls must be identified by priority; the system must give voice priority over data within the same message category.

AI-assisted research summary: Aircraft and ground/satellite earth stations must acquire and track service link signals while the aircraft moves up to 1 500 km/h (800 knots) and when the orbital-plane acceleration component is up to 0.6 g.

AI-assisted research summary: An Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite (Route) Service system must provide Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite (Route) Service throughout its designated operational coverage.

AI-assisted research summary: Provide timely predictions of the time, location and duration of any resultant outages until full service is restored in the event of a service failure.

AI-assisted research summary: AES requirements: "Section in straight and level flight throughout the designated operational coverage of the satellite system; or"

AI-assisted research summary: Systems providing AMS(R)S packet data service must meet the standards of regulations 40 and 41; Aeronautical Mobile‑Satellite (Route) Service systems providing packet data service must be capable of operating as a constituent mobile sub‑network of the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network.

AI-assisted research summary: Specifies maximum allowed delays (in seconds) for connection establishment, data transit/transfer (including 95th percentile measures), and connection release across different priority levels.

AI-assisted research summary: Sets maximum allowable residual error rates and probabilities for sub-network service data units and certain provider-invoked events.

AI-assisted research summary: Systems providing Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite (Route) Service voice service must meet the requirements in regulations 43, 44 and 45.

AI-assisted research summary: For both a GES and an AES, the 95th percentile of the time delay to present a call origination event at the respective network interface must not be greater than 20 seconds.

AI-assisted research summary: Requires voice transmissions to provide overall intelligibility suitable for the intended operational and ambient noise environment, and limits total allowable transfer delay within an Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite (Route) Service sub network to not greater than 0.485 seconds.

AI-assisted research summary: The Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite (Route) Service system must have enough available voice traffic channel resources so that an aircraft-originated voice call to the system has a probability of blockage no greater than 10^-2.

AI-assisted research summary: Security Section of messages in transit from tampering.

AI-assisted research summary: An Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite (Route) Service system must allow sub-network users to address Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite (Route) Service communications to specific aircraft using the ICAO 24-bit aircraft address.

AI-assisted research summary: Defines "Packet data service interfaces" as an interface to the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network.

AI-assisted research summary: The Mode S characteristics must be as specified in the Second Schedule to these Regulations.

AI-assisted research summary: Requires aircraft and ground stations to tune or operate on specified VHF channels within defined timing and frequency ranges.

AI-assisted research summary: This section sets system capability requirements for the Very High Frequency Air-Ground Digital Link system, including data transfer formats, supported broadcast modes, multicast support for Mode 3, maintaining a reliable aircraft-ground communications path, aircraft handover between ground stations, and Mode 3 voice operation using Listen-Before-Push-To-Talk.

AI-assisted research summary: Radio frequencies for Air-ground VHF digital link communications must be selected from the band 117.975–137 Megahertz; the lowest assignable frequency is 118.000 Megahertz, the highest is 136.975 Megahertz, separation between assignable frequencies is 25 kiloHertz; design polarization of emissions shall be vertical.

AI-assisted research summary: The ground-installation characteristics for the VHF Air-Ground Digital Link must be as specified in the Fifth Schedule to these Regulations.

AI-assisted research summary: The Very High Frequency Air–Ground Digital Link system characteristics for aircraft installation must be as specified in the Sixth Schedule to these Regulations.

AI-assisted research summary: Physical Layer Protocols and services must be as specified in the Seventh Schedule to these Regulations for aircraft and ground stations.

AI-assisted research summary: Very High Frequency Air-ground Digital Link systems must use the link layer protocols and services specified in the Eighth Schedule to these Regulations.

AI-assisted research summary: Very High Frequency Air‑Ground Digital Link systems must use the sub-network layer protocols and services specified in the Ninth Schedule to these Regulations.

AI-assisted research summary: Designates the Very High Frequency Digital Link Mode 2 mobile Sub Network Dependent Convergence Function as the standard and requires it to support context maintenance across sub‑network calls, reuse of context across Switched Virtual Circuits to a Data Terminal Equipment negotiated with the same parameters, or support at least two Switched Virtual Circuits sharing a context.

AI-assisted research summary: The Authority has the power to prescribe the ISO 8208 Sub Network Dependent Convergence Function as the standard for VDL Mode 3 Sub Network Dependent Convergence Function.

AI-assisted research summary: Requires the voice unit and specified circuit types to support push-to-talk audio interfaces, dedicated and demand-assigned circuit behaviours, priority override, source notification, and coded squelch.

AI-assisted research summary: The Very High Frequency Digital Link Mode 3 must use the AMBE-ATC-10 4.8 kilobits per second encoding/decoding algorithm developed by Digital Voice Systems, Incorporated for voice communications.

AI-assisted research summary: Section 62 requires VDL Mode 4 transmitters/receivers and stations to support specific channel tuning, simultaneous reception, and two assigned Global Signalling Channel frequencies.

AI-assisted research summary: Mobile VDL Mode 4 DLS stations must hand over between ground stations as required, and mobile and ground VDL Mode 4 stations must access the physical medium in simplex mode.

AI-assisted research summary: Transmissions shall be scheduled relative to UTC to ensure efficient use of shared channels and to avoid unintentional slot re-use on a regional basis.

AI-assisted research summary: Circuits being implemented or upgraded must use high quality telecommunications service, and the modulation rate must take into account expected traffic volumes under normal and alternate route conditions.

AI-assisted research summary: The technical provisions for international ground‑ground data interchange at medium and higher signalling rates for AFTN networks are specified in the Eleventh Schedule to these Regulations.

AI-assisted research summary: Aircraft addresses must be one of 16,777,214 twenty-four-bit addresses allocated by ICAO to the State of Registry or common mark registering authority and assigned as specified in the Twelfth Schedule; non-aircraft transponders on surface vehicles, obstacles or fixed Mode S detectors shall be assigned 24-bit aircraft addresses; Mode S transponders used as in subregulation (2) must not negatively affect existing surveillance systems and ACAS.

AI-assisted research summary: The system consists of one or more ground and aircraft station subsystems that implement the High Frequency Data Link protocol specified in regulation 73.

AI-assisted research summary: Section title concerns Aircraft and Ground Station Subsystems and High Frequency transmission and reception.

AI-assisted research summary: Frequency assignments for High Frequency Data Link shall be protected throughout their Designated Operational Coverage area.

AI-assisted research summary: The agreement referred to in subregulation (1) must provide at least two years' advance notice for mandatory carriage of airborne systems.

AI-assisted research summary: High Frequency Data Link ground station subsystems must interconnect through a common ground management subsystem.

AI-assisted research summary: Ground station subsystems must be synchronized to within ±25 ms of UTC; if any station is not within ±25 ms of UTC, notifications shall be made to all aircraft and ground station subsystems to allow continued operation.

AI-assisted research summary: Sets maximum allowable undetected error rate for network user packets with 1–128 octets and limits transit/transfer delays for 128-octet network user packets to the values in Table 11-1 of the Fifteenth Schedule.

AI-assisted research summary: The High Frequency Data Link protocol must include a physical layer, a link layer, and a sub-network layer.

AI-assisted research summary: The Ground Management Subsystem Section must perform functions to establish and maintain communications channels between the High Frequency Data Link ground and aircraft station subsystems.

AI-assisted research summary: The Universal Access Transmitter physical layer and system characteristics for aircraft and ground stations are to follow the specifications set out in the Fourteenth Schedule to these Regulations.

AI-assisted research summary: Mandatory carriage requirements for Universal Access Transmitter equipment must be made on the basis of regional air navigation agreements that specify the airspace of operation and implementation timescales, including appropriate lead time.

AI-assisted research summary: Air-ground VHF communication system characteristics used in the International Aeronautical Mobile Service must conform to the specifications in the Fifteenth Schedule to these Regulations.

AI-assisted research summary: The characteristics of the air-ground High Frequency Single Side Band system used in the Aeronautical Mobile Service must conform to the specifications of the Fifteenth Schedule to these Regulations.

AI-assisted research summary: Aeronautical stations required to communicate with Select-Calling equipped aircraft must have Select-Calling encoders in accordance with the red group frequencies (effective from 1 September 1985).

AI-assisted research summary: Use of circuit switching and signalling to interconnect Air Traffic Services units not on dedicated circuits requires agreement between the Administrations concerned; applications follow regional air navigation agreements and circuits must conform to international Telecommunication Standardization Sector recommendations.

AI-assisted research summary: Emergency locator transmitters must operate on both 406 MHz and 121.5 MHz; installations on 406 MHz or 121.5 MHz must meet regulations 88 and 87 respectively, and installations from 1 January 2002 onward must operate on both frequencies simultaneously.

AI-assisted research summary: The Authority must make arrangements to maintain a 406 Megahertz Emergency Locator Transmitters register and ensure the register is updated whenever necessary.

AI-assisted research summary: Emergency Locator Transmitters must operate on 121.5 Megahertz with frequency tolerance within ±0.005%, emit a vertically polarized omni-directional signal, meet specified power and modulation characteristics (including A3X or approved alternatives), and produce distinctive audio sweeping and carrier power characteristics.

AI-assisted research summary: Emergency Locator Transmitters must use 406.0–406.1 MHz channels, transmit every 50 seconds ±5%, have transmitter power around 5 W ±2 dB over 24 hours at −20°C, and be capable of sending a digital message.

AI-assisted research summary: Emergency locator transmitters on 406 Megahertz must have a unique identification coding; they must be coded per specified protocols and registered with the Authority.

AI-assisted research summary: A person may apply to the Authority for an exemption from any provision of these Regulations; the Authority may refuse emergency applications if reasons are unsatisfactory.

AI-assisted research summary: The Authority must request applicants in writing to remedy incomplete application requirements before publication or decision, and must publish decisions promptly for emergency relief requests.

AI-assisted research summary: The Authority must notify applicants in writing of exemption decisions and publish a detailed summary of its evaluation and decision; if technical evaluation would impose a significant burden the Authority may deny the exemption; if the exemption affects a significant aviation population the Authority must publish the summary in an aeronautical information circular.

AI-assisted research summary: The Authority must notify in writing aeronautical fees; applicants must pay any applicable fee before an application is accepted; the Authority must not refund fees if the application is withdrawn, ceases to have effect, or is refused.

AI-assisted research summary: People who perform functions under these Regulations may be tested for drugs or alcohol; refusal to submit to testing or conviction can lead to denial, suspension or revocation of licences or authorisations, including for up to one year.

AI-assisted research summary: The Authority must return the original documents listed in paragraph (2) to the holder of a certificate, applying any requested changes, and may retain copies where necessary.

AI-assisted research summary: Holders of an air navigation services provider certificate must notify the Authority of any change in physical and mailing address within fourteen days.

AI-assisted research summary: A person may apply to the Authority, in the prescribed form, for replacement of documents issued under these Regulations if the documents are lost or destroyed.

AI-assisted research summary: Prohibits misuse, forgery, lending, false representation, and destruction or falsification of certificates, exemptions, and required records; requires that certificates only be issued by authorised persons and that issuers verify correctness and applicant qualifications.

AI-assisted research summary: People who know of violations must report them to the Authority; the Authority may decide what investigation or enforcement action to take.

AI-assisted research summary: Any person must comply with any direction given to them by the Authority or by any authorised person under these Regulations; failure to do so is treated as contravening that provision.

AI-assisted research summary: A person who contravenes any provision of these Regulations may have his certificate or exemption cancelled or suspended.

AI-assisted research summary: Persons who contravene the Regulations may be fined up to One million shillings, or imprisoned for up to six months, or both; continuing contraventions count as separate offences; an act or omission not avoidable by reasonable care is not a contravention.

AI-assisted research summary: A person aggrieved by an order under these Regulations may appeal the order to the National Civil Aviation Administrative Review Tribunal within twenty one days of the order being made.

AI-assisted research summary: Defines "prior regulations" as the regulations governing Communication Systems that were in force immediately before this Regulation came into force.