Civil Procedure Rules

Pleadings must contain necessary particulars of claims, defences or matters pleaded; the court may order parties to provide particulars or statements; particulars alleging knowledge or notice require specific particulars; particulars must be in specified forms and filed as required. Allegations of fact in a party's pleading are deemed admitted by the opposing party unless traversed or denied; specific traverses are required for pleadings, general denials are insufficient, and a traverse may be by denial or non-admission. Section 12 sets out when a joinder of issue arises and states that a party may expressly join issue in his pleading on the immediately preceding pleading; it also provides that a joinder of issue operates as a denial of every material allegation of fact unless an express joinder excepts an allegation as admitted. Pleadings in a suit close fourteen days after service of the reply or defence to counterclaim, or if neither is served, fourteen days after service of the defence. Raising a technical objection to any pleading because of a want of form is not permitted.