AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MALAWI AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA FOR AIR SERVICES, DONE AT KIGALI, RWANDA, ON 31 OCTOBER 2024

Ingingo ya mbere: Kwemeza burundu Article One: Ratification Article premier: Ratification Ingingo ya mbere: Kwemeza burundu Article One: Ratification Article premier: Ratification Amasezerano hagati ya Guverinoma ya Repubulika ya Malawi na Guverinoma ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere, yakorewe i Kigali, mu Rwanda, ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2024, ari ku mugereka, yemejwe burundu kandi atangiye gukurikizwa uko yakabaye. The Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Government of the Republic of Malawi for air services, done at Kigali, Rwanda, on 31 October 2024, in Annex, is ratified and becomes fully effective. L’Accord entre le Gouvernement de la République du Malawi et le Gouvernement de la République du Rwanda relatif aux services aériens, fait à Kigali, au Rwanda, le 31 octobre 2024, en annexe, est ratifié et sort son plein et entier effet. ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS 1. For the purpose of this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires: a. the term "Aeronautical Authorities" means the respective Ministers responsible for civil aviation or any other body authorised to perform the same or similar functions at present exercised by the said Ministers b. the term "agreed services" means scheduled air services on the routes specified in the Annex to this Agreement for the transport of passengers and cargo; c. the term "Agreement" means this agreement, its annex drawn up in application thereof, and any amendment to the agreement or to the annex; d. the terms "air services", "international air services", "airline" and "stop for non traffic purposes" have the meanings respectively assigned to them in Article 96 of the Convention; e. the term "airborne equipment" means articles, other than stores and spare parts of a removable nature, for use on board an aircraft during flight, including first aid and survival equipment; f. the term "Convention" means the Convention on International Civil Aviation opened for signature on the seventh day of December 1944 and includes any Annex adopted under Article 90 of the Convention and any amendment of the Convention so far as those Annexes and amendments have been adopted by both Contracting Parties; g. the term "designated airline" means an airline which has been designated by a Contracting Party and authorised by the other Contracting Party in accordance with

Ingingo ya 2: Abayobozi bashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa iri teka Article 2: Authorities responsible for the implementation of this Order Article 2: Autorités l’exécution du présent arrêté chargées de Ingingo ya 2: Abayobozi bashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa iri teka Article 2: Authorities responsible for the implementation of this Order Article 2: Autorités l’exécution du présent arrêté chargées de Minisitiri Minisitiri w’Intebe, Minisitiri w’Ibikorwa Remezo, w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane na Minisitiri w’Imari bashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa iri teka. n’Igenamigambi The Prime Minister, the Minister of Infrastructure, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation and the Minister of Finance and Economic Planning the are implementation of this Order. entrusted with Le Premier Ministre, le Ministre des Infrastructures, le Ministre des Affaires la Coopération de Étrangères Internationale et le Ministre des Finances et de la Planification Économique sont chargés de l’exécution du présent arrêté. et Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025174 ARTICLE 2 APPLICABIL TY OF THE CONVENTION The provisions of this Agreement shall be subject to those provisions of the Convention which are applicable to international air services.

Ingingo ya 3: Ingingo y’ururimi Article 3: Language provision Article 3: Disposition linguistique Ingingo ya 3: Ingingo y’ururimi Article 3: Language provision Article 3: Disposition linguistique Iri teka rw’Icyongereza. ryateguwe mu rurimi This Order was drafted in English. Le présent arrêté a été rédigé en anglais. ARTICLE 3 GRANT OF RIGHTS 1. Each Contracting Party grants to the other Contracting Party the rights specified in this Agreement to enable its designated airlines to establish and operate international air services on the routes specified in the Annex. 2. Subject to the provisions of this Agreement, the designated airlines of each Contracting Party shall enjoy, while operating an agreed service on a particular route, the following rights: a. to fly without landing across the territory of the other Contracting Party; b. to make stops in that territory for non-traffic purposes; and c. to make stops in the said territory at the points named on the specified routes for the purpose of taking on board and discharging international traffic in passengers and cargo, destined to or taken on the territory of the other Contracting Party. d. the right to take on board and discharge passengers, cargo and mail, separately or in combination to or from any other third party State (i.e. unrestricted fifth freedom traffic rights) e. Other rights specified in this agreement. 3. Nothing in this Article shall be deemed to confer on the designated airline of one Contracting Party the privilege of uplifting in the territory of the other Contracting Party, passengers and cargo, carried for remuneration or hire and discharge at another point in the territory of that other Contracting Party. 4. If because of armed conflict, political disturbance or developments, or special and ~:~ circumstances, the designated airlines of one Contracting Party are unable to ~" \~ ~~ 4 ~1 ~ h~ Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025181 operate a services on its normal routing, the other Contracting Party shall use its best efforts to facilitate the continued operation of such services through appropriate re arrangements of such routes, including the grant of rights for such time as may be necessary to facilitate viable operations. ARTICLE4 DESIGNATION OF AIRLINES 1. The Aeronautical Authorities of each Contracting Party shall have the right to designate in writing to the other Contracting Party one or more airlines for the purpose of operating the agreed services on each of the specified routes, and to withdraw and/or alter such designation. 2. Upon receipt of notice of such designation, the Aeronautical Authority of the other Contracting Party shall, subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 and 4 of this Article, without delay grant to the airlines designated in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article the appropriate operating authorisation. 3. The Aeronautical Authorities of either Contracting Party may require an airline designated by the other Contracting Party to satisfy them that it is qualified to fulfil the conditions normally applied to the operation of international air services by such authorities in conformity with the provisions of the Convention. 4. Where the Aeronautical Authority of either Contracting Party is not satisfied that effective regulatory control of that airline is vested in the Contracting Party designating the airline, it shall have the right to: a. refuse to grant the operating authorisation referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article; or b. to impose such conditions as it may deem necessary on the exercise by a designated airline of the rights specified in paragraph 2 of Article 3 of this Agreement. 5. When an airline has been so designated and authorised, it may operate the agreed services for which it is designated provided that a timetable established in accordance with the provisions of Article 9 of this Agreement is in force in respect of that service.

Ingingo ya 4: Gutangira gukurikizwa Article 4: Entry into force Article 4: Entrée en vigueur Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025172 ITEKA RYA PEREZIDA Nº 027/01 RYO KU WA 17/12/2025 RYEMEZA BURUNDU AMASEZERANO HAGATI YA GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA YA MALAWI NA GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA YEREKERANYE NO GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU MU KIRERE, YAKOREWE I KIGALI, MU RWANDA, KU WA 31 UKWAKIRA 2024 BETWEEN PRESIDENTIAL ORDER Nº 027/01 OF 17/12/2025 RATIFYING THE AGREEMENT THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA FOR AIR SERVICES, DONE AT KIGALI, RWANDA, ON 31 OCTOBER 2024 MALAWI AND ENTRE 17/12/2025 ARRÊTÉ PRÉSIDENTIEL N° 027/01 RATIFIANT DU LE L’ACCORD GOUVERNEMENT LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU MALAWI ET LE LA GOUVERNEMENT RÉPUBLIQUE RWANDA RELATIF AUX SERVICES AÉRIENS, FAIT À KIGALI, AU RWANDA, LE 31 OCTOBRE 2024 DU DE DE Twebwe, KAGAME Paul, Perezida wa Repubulika; We, KAGAME Paul, President of the Republic; Nous, KAGAME Paul, Président de la République; rya Dushingiye ku Repubulika y’u Rwanda, cyane cyane mu ngingo zaryo, iya 112 n’iya 168; Itegeko Nshinga Dushingiye ku Itegeko no 036/2025 ryo ku wa 17/12/2025 ryemera kwemeza burundu Amasezerano hagati ya Guverinoma ya Repubulika ya Malawi na Guverinoma ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere, yashyiriweho umukono i Kigali, mu Rwanda, ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2024; to the Constitution of the Pursuant Republic of Rwanda, especially in Articles 112 and 168; Vu la Constitution de la République du Rwanda, spécialement en ses articles 112 et 168; to Law no 036/2025 of Pursuant 17/12/2025 approving the ratification of the Agreement between the Government of the the Republic of Malawi Government of the Republic of Rwanda for Air Services, signed at Kigali, Rwanda, on 31 October 2024; and Vu la Loi no 036/2025 du 17/12/2025 approuvant la ratification de l’Accord entre le Gouvernement de la République du la Malawi et République du Rwanda relatif aux services aériens, signé à Kigali, au Rwanda, le 31 octobre 2024; le Gouvernement de Tumaze kubona Amasezerano hagati ya Guverinoma ya Repubulika ya Malawi na Guverinoma ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu Considering the Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Government of the Republic of Malawi for air services, done at Kigali, l’Accord le entre Considérant la République du Gouvernement de Malawi et la République du Rwanda relatif aux services le Gouvernement de Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025173 mu kirere, yakorewe i Kigali, mu Rwanda, ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2024; Rwanda, on 31 October 2024; aériens, fait à Kigali, au Rwanda, le 31 octobre 2024; Bisabwe Remezo; na Minisitiri w’Ibikorwa On proposal by Infrastructure; the Minister of proposition Sur Infrastructures; du Ministre des Inama y’Abaminisitiri imaze kubisuzuma no kubyemeza; After consideration and approval by the Cabinet; Après examen et adoption par le Conseil des Ministres; DUTEGETSE: DO ORDER: ARRÊTONS: Ingingo ya 4: Gutangira gukurikizwa Article 4: Entry into force Article 4: Entrée en vigueur Iri teka ritangira gukurikizwa ku munsi ritangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. This Order comes into force on the date of its publication in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda. Le présent arrêté entre en vigueur le jour de sa publication au Journal Officiel de la République du Rwanda. Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025175 Kigali, 17/12/2025 (sé) KAGAME Paul Perezida wa Repubulika President of the Republic Président de la République (sé) Dr NSENGIYUMVA Justin Minisitiri w’Intebe Prime Minister Premier Ministre Bibonywe kandi bishyizweho Ikirango cya Repubulika: Seen and sealed with the Seal of the Republic: Vu et scellé du Sceau de la République: (sé) Dr UGIRASHEBUJA Emmanuel Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Minister of Justice and Attorney General Ministre de la Justice et Garde des Sceaux Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025176 HAGATI RYA UMUGEREKA W’ITEKA PEREZIDA Nº 027/01 RYO KU WA 17/12/2025 RYEMEZA BURUNDU AMASEZERANO YA GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA YA MALAWI NA GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA RWANDA YEREKERANYE NO GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU MU KIRERE, YAKOREWE I KIGALI, MU RWANDA, KU WA 31 UKWAKIRA 2024 Y’U HAGATI AMASEZERANO YA GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA YA MALAWI NA GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA RWANDA YEREKERANYE NO GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU MU KIRERE, I KIGALI, MU YAKOREWE RWANDA, KU WA 31 UKWAKIRA 2024 Y’U ANNEX TO PRESIDENTIAL ORDER Nº 027/01 OF 17/12/2025 RATIFYING THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC THE OF GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA FOR AIR SERVICES, DONE AT KIGALI, RWANDA, ON 31 OCTOBER 2024 MALAWI AND MALAWI BETWEEN AGREEMENT THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC THE OF GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA FOR AIR SERVICES, DONE AT KIGALI, RWANDA, ON 31 OCTOBER 2024 AND À L’ARRÊTÉ ANNEXE PRÉSIDENTIEL Nº 027/01 DU 17/12/2025 RATIFIANT L’ACCORD ENTRE LE GOUVERNEMENT DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU MALAWI ET LE LA GOUVERNEMENT RÉPUBLIQUE RWANDA RELATIF AUX SERVICES AÉRIENS, FAIT À KIGALI, AU RWANDA, LE 31 OCTOBRE 2024 DU DE DE ENTRE LE ACCORD GOUVERNEMENT LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU MALAWI ET LE LA GOUVERNEMENT RÉPUBLIQUE RWANDA RELATIF AUX SERVICES AÉRIENS, FAIT À KIGALI, AU RWANDA, LE 31 OCTOBRE 2024 DU DE Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025177 AaREEMENr -CEfWWJ THE aoVERNHENr Of THE REPtlglfQ Of HAtAWf AND THE aoVERNHENr Of THE- REPtlglfC Of ~ANDA FOR AIR SERVICES Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025178 AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MALAWI ANDTHE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA FOR AIR SERVICES The Government of the Republic of Malawi and the Government of the Republic of Rwanda (hereinafter referred to as the "Contracting Parties"); Being Parties to the Convention on International Civil Aviation opened for signature on seventh day of December 1944; Acknowledging the importance of air transport as a means of creating and preserving friendship, understanding and co-operation between peoples of the two countries; Desiring to contribute to the progress of regional and international civil aviation; Desiring to conclude an agreement for the purpose of establishing air services between and beyond their respective territories; Recognising that efficient and competitive international air services enhance trade, the welfare of consumers, and economic growth; and Desiring to ensure the highest degree of safety and security in international air services and reaffirming their grave concern about acts or threats against the security of aircraft, which jeopardise the safety of persons or property, adversely affect the operation of air services and undermine public confidence in the safety of civil aviation; Have agreed as follows: Malawi Rwanda 2 Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025179 Article 4 of this Agreement; h. the term "spare parts" means articles of a repair or replacement nature for incorporation in an aircraft, including engines and propellers; i. the term "specified routes" means routes specified in the Annex of this Agreement; j. k. the term "stores" means articles of a readily consumable nature for use or sale on board an aircraft during flight, including commissary supplies; the term "tariff'' means prices or charges to be paid for the carriage of passengers, baggage and cargo; and the conditions under which those prices or charges apply, including prices or charges and conditions for agency and other auxiliary services; but excluding remuneration and conditions for the carriage of mail; I. the term "territory", in relation to a State, has the meaning assigned to it in Article 2 of the Convention. ~ Malawi 3 Rwanda Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025180 m. "User Charges" means charges made to airlines by the competent authorities or permitted by them to be made for the provision of airport facilities, property and/or of air navigation facilities, including related services and facilities for aircraft, their crews, passengers, baggage and cargo. 2. Any Annex to this Agreement shall form an integral part of this Agreement and all references to this Agreement, unless otherwise expressly provided, shall apply to the said Annex.

ARTICLE 5 REVOCATION AND LIMITATION OF AUTHORIZATIONS 1. The Aeronautical Authorities of each Contracting Party shall, with respect to a designated airline or airlines of the other Contracting Party, have the right to withhold the authorizations referred to in Article 4 of this Agreement, to revoke or suspend such authorizations or impose conditions, at any time during the exercise of the rights by the designated airline concerned in the event of: a. failure by the airline to qualify under or to comply with the domestic laws and regulations normally applied by the Aeronautical Authorities of that Contracting Party ~ ormity with the Convention; Malawi Rwanda 5 Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025182 b. the Aeronautical Authorities of that Contracting Party are not satisfied that the principal place of business and effective regulatory control of the airline are vested in the Contracting Party designating the airline; or c. the airline failing to operate in accordance with the conditions prescribed under this Agreement. 2. Unless immediate action is essential to prevent further infringement of the domestic laws and regulations referred to above, the rights enumerated in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be exercised only after consultations with the Aeronautical Authorities of the other Contracting Party, in accordance with Article 17.

ARTICLE 6 APPLICATION OF DOMESTIC LAWS AND REGULATIONS 1. The domestic laws and regulations of one Contracting Party governing entry into, sojourn in and departure from its territory of aircraft engaged in international air navigation or flights of such aircraft within its territory shall apply to the airlines of the other Contracting Party. 2. The domestic laws and regulations relating to immigration, passports or other approved travel documents or quarantine, aviation security, customs, currency, health and sanitation of one Contracting Party governing entry into, sojourn in or departure from its territory of passengers, baggage, crew and cargo shall apply to passengers, baggage, crew and cargo carried by the aircraft of the designated airlines of the other Contracting Party while they are within the said territory. 3. Each Contracting Party agrees not to give preference to its own designated airline or any other airline over the designated airline of the other Contracting Party in the application of its laws and regulations provided for in this Article.

ARTICLE 7 DIRECT TRANSIT Passengers, baggage and cargo in direct transit across the territory of either Contracting Party or not leaving the area of the airport reserved for such purpose shall, except in respect of security measures against violence and air piracy, be subject to no more than a simplified control. Baggage and cargo in direct transit shall be exempt from customs duties and other similar taxes.

ARTICLE 8 AIRPORT SERVICES AND FACILITY CHARGES 1. Neither Contracting Party shall give preference, with respect to user charges, to its own or to any other airline(s) engaged in similar international air services and shall not impose or permit to be imposed, on the designated airline(s) of the other Contracting Party user charges higher than those imposed on its own designated airline(s) operating similar • ternational air services using similar aircraft and associated facilities and services. - -----::::, ~ -- ~ ~ Mala,vT 6 (2'j If Rwanda Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025183 2. Neither of the Contracting Parties shall give preference to, or permit responsible bodies to give preference to, its own or any other airline over a designated airline of the other Contracting Party engaged in similar international operations in the application of its customs, immigration, quarantine and similar regulations or in the use of airports, airways, air traffic services and the other associated facilities under its control. 3. Each Contracting Party shall encourage consultations between its competent charging bodies and the designated airlines using the services and facilities. Reasonable notice shall be given, whenever possible, to such users of any proposal for changes in user charges together with relevant supporting information and data, to enable them to express their views before the charges are revised .

ARTICLE 9 APPROVAL OF TIMETABLES 1. The designated airline of each Contracting Party shall submit to the Aeronautical Authority of the other Contracting Party for approval, thirty (30) days in advance, the timetable of its intended services, specifying the frequency, type of aircraft, configuration and period of validity. 2. Any subsequent changes to the approved timetables of a designated airline shall be submitted for approval to the Aeronautical Authority of the other Contracting Party. 3. If a designated airline wishes to operate flights supplementary to those covered in the approved timetables, it shall obtain prior permission from the Aeronautical Authorities of the Contracting Party concerned who shall give positive and favourable consideration to such requests.

ARTICLE 10 PRINCIPLES GOVERNING OPERATION OF AGREED SERVICES 1. The agreed services to be operated by the designated airlines of the Contracting Parties shall have as their primary objective the provision of adequate capacity to meet the traffic requirements between the territories of the two Contracting Parties 2. The designated airlines shall be permitted to provide capacity in response to market demand on the specified routes and in accordance with their capabilities. 3. Each Contracting Party shall allow fair and equal opportunity for the designated airlines of both Contracting Parties to operate the agreed services between their respective territories. 4. Each Contracting Party and its designated airlines shall take into consideration the interests of the other Contracting Party and its designated airlines so as not to affect unduly the services which the latter provides. -----M~ a-la_w_1 ~ - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - --"'-G -tr'J- - 7 1( Rwanda Ii Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025184 5. Either Contracting Party that requires to introduce a temporary restriction on International Air Services by the Laws and Regulations applicable in its territory which is deemed necessary to respond to the needs of a crisis impacting International Aviation shall have due regard to the guidance issued by the International Civil Aviation Organization to ensure that that Air Services Agreement continues to provide a predictable framework during such crisis.

ARTICLE 11 COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES 1. The designated airlines of both Contracting Parties shall be allowed to establish in the territory of the other Contracting Party offices for the promotion of air transportation and sale of air tickets as well as other facilities required for the provision of air transportation. 2. A designated airline of one Contracting Party shall be allowed to bring in and maintain in the territory of the other Contracting Party its managerial, commercial, operational and technical staff as it may require in connection with the provision of air transportation. 3. These staff requirements may, at the option of a designated airline, be satisfied by its own personnel or by using the services of any other organisation, company or airline operating in the territory of the other Contracting Party, and authorised to perform such services in the territory of that Contracting Party. 4. Each Contracting Party grants to a designated airline of the other Contracting Party the right to engage in sale of air transportation in its territory and, at the airlines discretion, through its agents. 5. The above activities shall be carried out in accordance with the laws and regulations of the other Contracting Party. 6. Each airline shall have the right to sell such transportation in the currency of that territory or, subject to the national laws and regulations, in freely convertible currencies of other Countries. 7. The designated airlines of either Contracting Party may enter into marketing , operational or any other commercial arrangements, with airlines of either Contracting Party, or airlines of a third country, provided that such arrangements are approved by either Contracting Party and that such airlines hold the appropriate operational authorisation.

ARTICLE 12 CODE SHARING 1. The designated airline(s) of both Contracting Parties may, either as a marketing carrier or as an operating carrier, freely enter into cooperative marketing arrangements including but not limited to blocked space and/or code share arrangements (including third country code share arrangements), with any other airline or airlines. Malawi 8 G1 11 Rwa nda Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025185 2. Before providing code sharing services, the code sharing partners shall agree as to which party shall be responsible in respect of the liability and on consumer related matters, security, safety and facilitation. The agreement setting out these terms shall be filed with both Aeronautical Authorities before implementation of the code share arrangements. 3. Such arrangements shall be accepted by the Aeronautical Authorities concerned, provided that all airlines in these arrangements have the underlying routing rights and traffic rights and/or authorizations 4. In the event of a code share arrangement, the marketing airline should , in respect of every ticket sold, ensure that it is made clear to the purchaser at the point of sale which airline will actually operate each sector of the service and with which airline or airlines the purchaser is entering into a contractual relationship. 5. The designated airline(s) of each Contracting Party may also offer code share services between any point(s) in the territory of the other Contracting Party, provided that such services are operated by an airline or airlines of the other Contracting Party.

ARTICLE 13 CUSTOMS DUTIES AND OTHER CHARGES 1. Each Contracting Party exempts the designated airlines of the other Contracting Party from import restrictions, custom duties, direct or indirect taxes, inspection fees and all other national and/or local duties and charges on aircraft as well as their regular equipment, fuel, lubricants, maintenance equipment, aircraft tools, consumable technical supplies, spare parts including engines, aircraft stores including but not limited to such items as food, beverages, liquor, tobacco and other products for sale to or use by passengers during flight and other items intended for use or used solely in connection with the operation or servicing of aircraft used by such designated airline operating the agreed services, as well as printed ticket stock, airway bills, staff uniforms, computers and ticket printers used by the designated airline for reservations and ticketing, any printed material which bears the insignia of the designated airline printed thereon and usual publicity and promotional materials distributed free of charge by such designated airline. 2. The exemptions granted by this Article shall apply to the items referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article which are: a) introduced into the territory of one Contracting Party by or on behalf of a designated airline of the other Contracting Party; b) retained on board the aircraft of a designated airline of.one Contracting Party upon arriving in and until leaving the territory of the other Contracting Party and/or consumed during flight over that territory; c) taken on board the aircraft of a designated airline of one Contracting Party in the territory of the other Contracting Party and intended for use in operating the agreed services; whether or not such items are used or consumed wholly or partly within the territory of the Contracting Party granting the exemption, provided such items are not alienated in the terri~the said Contracting Party. ~- £c: Malawi 9 c;..;r Rwanda Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025186 3. The regular airborne equipment, as well as the materials, supplies and stores normally retained on board the aircraft used by the designated airline of either Contracting Party may be unloaded in the territory of the other Contracting Party only with the approval of the customs authorities of that other Contracting Party. In such case, such equipment and items shall enjoy the exemptions provided for by paragraph 1 of this Article provided that they may be required to be placed under the supervision of the said authorities up to such time as they are re-exported or otherwise disposed of in accordance with customs regulations. 4. The exemptions provided for by this Article shall also be available in situations where the designated airlines of either Contracting Party have entered into arrangements with another airline(s), for the loan or transfer in the territory of the other Contracting Party, of the regular equipment and the other items referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, provided that that other airline enjoys the same exemption(s) from that other Contracting Party.

ARTICLE 14-TARIFFS 1. 2. 3. Each Contracting Party shall allow tariffs to be established by each designated airline based upon its commercial considerations in the market place. Neither Contracting Party shall require the designated airlines to consult other airlines about the tariffs they charge or propose to charge. Each Contracting Party may require prior filing with its Aeronautical Authorities, of prices to be charged to or from its territory by designated airlines of both Contracting Parties. Such filing by or on behalf of the designated airlines may be required by no more than 30 days before the proposed date of effectiveness. In individual cases, filing may be permitted on shorter notice than normally required. If a Contracting Party permits an airline to file a price on short notice, the price shall become effective on the proposed date for traffic originating in the territory of that Contracting Party. Except as otherwise provided in this article, neither Contracting Party shall take unilateral action to prevent the inauguration or continuation of a price proposed to be charged or charged by a designated airline of either Contracting Party for international air transportation. 4. Intervention by the Contracting Parties shall be limited to:- (a) (b) (c) Prevention of tariffs whose application constitutes anti-competitive behaviour which has or is likely to or intended to have the effect of crippling a competitor or excluding a competitor from a route; Protection of consumers from prices that are unreasonably high or restrictive due to the abuse of a dominant position; and Protection of designated airlines from prices that are artificially low. 5. If a Contracting Party believes that a price proposed to be charged by a designated airline of the other Contracting Party for international air transportation is inconsistent with considerations set forth in paragraph 4 of this article, it shall request consultations and notify the other Contracting Party of the reasons for its ,~H\satisfaction as soon as possible. These consultations shall be held not later than .-~ - - ~1 Malawi .._____, • \ Rwanda IO Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025187 30 days after receipt of the request, and the Contracting Parties shall cooperate in If the securing information necessary for reasoned resolution of the issue. Contracting Parties reach agreement with respect to a price for which a notice of dissatisfaction has been given, each Contracting Party shall use its best efforts to put that agreement into effect. Without such mutual agreement to the contrary, the previously existing price shall continue in effect.

ARTICLE 15 TRANSFER OF FUNDS 1. 2. 3. Each Contracting Party grants to the designated airlines of the other Contracting Party the right to transfer freely the excess of receipts over expenditure earned by such airlines in its territory in connection with the sale of air transportation, sale of other ancillary products and services as well as commercial interest earned on such revenues (including interest earned on deposits awaiting transfer). Such transfers shall be effected in any convertible currency, in accordance with the foreign exchange regulations of the Contracting Party in the territory of which the revenue accrued. Such transfer shall be effected on the basis of official exchange rates or where there is no official exchange rate, such transfers shall be effected on the basis of the prevailing foreign exchange market rates for current payments. If a Contracting Party imposes restrictions on the transfer of excess of receipts over expenditure by the designated airlines of the other Contracting Party, the latter shall have a right to impose reciprocal restrictions on the designated airlines of the first Contracting Party. In the event that there exists, a special agreement between the Contracting Parties for the avoidance of double taxation , or in the case where there is a special agreement ruling the transfer of funds between the two Contracting Parties, such agreement shall prevail.

ARTICLE 16 PROVISION OF INFORMATION 1. The Aeronautical Authorities of both Contracting Parties shall exchange information, as promptly as possible, concerning the current authorizations extended to their respective Designated Airlines to render service to, through, and from the Territory of the other Contracting Party. This will include copies of current certificates and authorisations for services on proposed routes, together with amendments or exemption orders. 2. The Aeronautical Authorities of either Contracting Party shall supply to the Aeronautical Authorities of the other Contracting Party, at their request, such periodic or other statements of statistics of traffic uplifted from and discharged in the Territory of that other Contracting Party as may be reasonably required . --Ck? Malawi II x ~ Rwanda Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025188

ARTICLE 17 CONSULTATIONS 1. In a spirit of close co-operation, the Aeronautical Authorities shall consult each other from time to time with a view to ensuring the implementation of, satisfactory compliance with, and amendment of the provisions of this Agreement including its Annex. 2. Such consultations may be through discussion or correspondence and shall begin within a period of sixty (60) days of the date of receipt of such a request, unless otherwise mutually agreed.

ARTICLE 18 SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 1. 2. 3. If any dispute arises between the Contracting Parties relating to the interpretation or application of this Agreement the Contracting Parties shall in the first place endeavour to settle it by negotiation. If the Contracting Parties fail to reach a settlement by negotiation, they may agree to refer the dispute for decision to some person or body for mediation. If the Contracting Parties do not agree to mediation, or if a settlement is not reached by negotiation, the dispute shall, at the request of either Contracting Party, be submitted for decision to a tribunal of three (3) arbitrators which shall be constituted in the following manner: b) a) Within 60 days of receipt of a request for arbitration, each Contracting Party shall appoint one arbitrator. A national of a third State, who shall act as the President of the tribunal, shall be nominated as the third arbitrator by the two appointed arbitrators within 60 days of the appointment of the second; If within the time limits specified above any appointment has not been made, either Contracting Party may request the President of the Council of the to make the necessary appointment within 30 days. If the President is of the same nationality as one of the Contracting Parties, the most senior Vice President who is not disqualified on that same ground shall make the appointment. In such case the arbitrator or arbitrators appointed by the said President or the Vice President as the case may be, shall not be nationals or permanent residents of the States parties to this Agreement. International Civil Aviation Organization 4. Except as hereinafter provided in this article or otherwise agreed by the Contracting Parties, the tribunal shall determine the place where the proceedings will be held and the limits of its jurisdiction in accordance with this Agreement. The tribunal shall establish its own procedure. A conference to determine the precise issues to be arbitrated shall be held not later than 30 days after the tribunal is fully constituted. 5. Except as otherwise agreed by the Contracting Parties or prescribed by the tribunal, each Contracting Party shall submit a memorandum within 45 days after the tribunal is fully constituted. Replies shall be due 60 days later. The tribunal shall hold a hearing at the _:~~her Contracting Party, or at its discretion, within 30 days after~ eplies are due. ~~ Malawi ~ -- - -- -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - ----3.,..-..~ Rwanda G1 12 I I I Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025189 6. The tribunal shall attempt to give a written decision within 30 days after completion of the hearing or, if no hearing is held, 30 days after both replies are submitted. The decision shall be taken by a majority vote. 7. The Contracting Parties may submit requests for clarification of the decision within 15 days after it receives the decision of the tribunal, and such clarification shall be issued within 15 days of such request. 8. The Contracting Parties shall comply with any stipulation, provisional ruling or final decision of the tribunal. 9. Subject to the final decision of the tribunal, the Contracting Parties shall bear the costs of its arbitrator and an equal share of the other costs of the tribunal, including any expenses incurred by the President or Vice President of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization in implementing the procedures in paragraph 3 (b) of this Article. 10. If, and as long as, either Contracting Party fails to comply with a decision contemplated in paragraph 8 of this Article, the other Contracting Party may limit, suspend or revoke any rights or privileges which it has granted under this Agreement to the Contracting Party in default.

ARTICLE 19 CONFORMITY WITH MULTILATERAL CONVENTIONS/ AGREEMENTS This Agreement shall, subject to the necessary changes, be deemed to be amended to the extent necessary so as to conform with any multilateral convention or agreement which may become binding on both Contracting Parties.

ARTICLE 20 AVIATION SECURITY 1. Consistent with their rights and obligations under international law, the Contracting Parties affirm that their obligation to protect, in their mutual relationship, the security of civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference, forms an integral part of this Agreement. 2. Without limiting the generality of their rights and obligations under international law, the Contracting Parties shall in particular act in conformity with the provisions of the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board of Aircraft, opened for signature at Tokyo on 14 September 1963, the Convention for Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, opened for signature at the Hague on 16 December 1970, the Convention for Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, opened for signature at Montreal on 23 September 1971 and any other multilateral agreement governing civil aviation security binding upon both Contracting Parties. 3. The Contracting Parties shall provide upon request all necessary assistance to each other to prevent acts of unlawful seizure of civil aircraft and other unlawful acts against the safety of such aircraft, their passengers and crew, airports and air navigation fa • ities, and any other threat to security of civil aviation . ~ \ _..> ~ Malawi 13 q Rwanda Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025190 4. The Contracting Parties shall, in their mutual relationship, act in conformity with the aviation security provisions established by the International Civil Aviation Organisation and designated as Annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation to the extent that such security provisions as are applicable to the Contracting Parties. 5. In addition, the Contracting Parties shall require that operators of aircraft of their registry, or operators of aircraft who have their principal place of business or permanent residence in their territory, and the operators of airports in their territory, act in conformity with such aviation security provisions as are applicable to the Contracting Parties. Accordingly, each Contracting Party shall advise the Contracting Party of any difference between its national regulations and practices and the aviation security standards of the annexes referred to in paragraph 4 above. Either Contracting Party may request immediate consultations with the other Contracting Party at any time to discuss any such differences. 6. Each Contracting Party agrees that operators of aircraft shall be required to observe the aviation security provisions, referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article above, applied by the other Contracting Party for entry into, departure from, or sojourn in, the territory of that other Contracting Party. 7. Each Contracting Party shall ensure that adequate measures are effectively applied within its territory to protect the aircraft and to apply security controls to passengers, crew, carry-on items, baggage, cargo and aircraft stores prior to and during boarding or loading . 8. Each Contracting Party shall give positive consideration for reasonable special security measures in its territory to meet a particular threat to civil aviation. 9. When an incident or threat of an incident of unlawful seizure of civil aircraft or other unlawful act aga inst the safety of such aircraft, their passengers and crew, airports and air navigation facilities occurs, the Contracting Parties shall assist each other by facilitating communications and other appropriate measures intended to terminate such incident or threat as rapidly as possible commensurate with minimum risk to life. 10. Each Contracting Party shall take such measures as it may find practicable to ensure that an aircraft of the other Contracting Party subjected to an act of unlawful seizure or other acts of unlawful interference which is on the ground in its Territory is detained thereon unless its departure is necessitated by the overriding duty to protect the lives of its passengers and crew. 11. When a Contracting Party has reasonable grounds to believe that the other Contracting Party has departed from the provisions of this Article, the Aeronautical Authority of the first Contracting Party may request immediate consultations with the Aeronautical Authority of the other Contracting Party. Failure to reach a satisfactory agreement within fifteen (15) days from the date of such request shall constitute grounds for the application of paragraph (1) of Article 4 of this Agreement. When required by an emergency, a Contracting Party may take interim action under paragraph (1) of Article 4 prior to the expiry of fifteen (15) days. Any action taken in accordance with this paragraph shall be discontinued upon co~ ~iance by the other Contracting Party with the security provisions of this Article . • • _ \ . - - r -'/ \ ~~ Malawi 14 ~7 t''" Rwanda Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025191

ARTICLE 21 AVIATION SAFETY 1. Each Contracting Party shall recognise as valid, for the purpose of operating the agreed services provided for in the present Agreement, certificates of airworthiness, certificates of competency, and licenses issued or validated by the other Contracting Party and still in force, provided that the requirements for such certificates or licences at least equal the minimum standards that may be established pursuant to the Convention. 2. Each Contacting Party may, however, refuse to recognize as valid for the purpose of flight above its own territory, certificates of competency and licenses granted to or validated for its own nationals by the other Contracting Party or by a third country. 3. Each Contracting Party may request consultations at any time concerning the safety standards maintained by the other Contracting Party in areas relating to aeronautical facilities, flight crew, aircraft and the operation of aircraft. Such consultations shall take place within thirty (30) days on the receipt of that request. 4. If, following such consultations, one Contracting Party finds that the other Contracting Party does not effectively maintain and administer safety standards in the areas referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article that meets the standards established at the time pursuant to the Convention, the other Contracting Party shall be informed of such findings and of the steps considered necessary to conform with the standards of the International Civil Aviation Organisation . The other Contracting Party shall then take appropriate corrective action within an agreed time period. 5. Pursuant to Article 16 of the Convention, it is further agreed that, any aircraft operated by or on behalf of an airline of one Contracting Party, on service to or from the territory of another Contracting Party, may, while within the territory of the other Contracting Party be the subject of a search by the authorized representatives of the other Contracting Party, provided this does not cause unreasonable delay in the operation of the aircraft. Notwithstanding the obligations mentioned in Article 33 of the Convention, the purpose of this search is to verify the validity of the relevant documentation, the licensing of its crew, and that the aircraft equipment and the condition of the aircraft conform to the Standards established at the time pursuant to the Convention. 6. When an urgent action is essential to ensure the safety of an airline operation, each Contracting Party reserves the right to immediately suspend or vary the operating authorization of an airline or airlines of the other Contracting Party.

ARTICLE 22 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION The Contracting Parties support the need to protect the environment by promoting the sustainable development of aviation. The Contracting Parties agree with regard to operations between their respective Territories to comply with the Standards and ~commended Practices of Annex 16 to the Convention and the existing International - -~ Malawi "" - '" 15 ~1: 91 Rwanda I 11 Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025192 Civil Aviation Organisation policy and guidance on environmental protection.

ARTICLE 23 REGISTRATION OF AGREEMENT AND AMENDMENTS Either of the Contracting Parties shall submit this Agreement and any subsequent amendments thereto , except amendments to the Annex, to the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) for registration.

ARTICLE 24 AMENDMENT OF THIS AGREEMENT 1. Any amendment of this Agreement, excluding the Annex, agreed to by the Contracting Parties, shall be effected by an exchange of notes and shall enter into force on the date when both Contracting Parties shall have notified each other of compliance with their nationally required legal procedures. 2. The Annex to this Agreement may be amended in writing or through consultations between the Aeronautical Authorities and such amendment shall take effect on date to be determined by them ARTICLE 24 TERMINATION OF AGREEMENT 1. Either Contracting Party may at any time give notice to the other Contracting Party of its this Agreement. Such notice shall be simultaneously intention communicated to the International Civil Aviation Organization . terminate to 2. 3. In such case this Agreement shall terminate twelve (12) months after the date of receipt of the notice by the other Contracting Party, unless the notice to terminate is withdrawn by agreement before the expiry of this period . In the absence of acknowledgement of receipt by the other Contracting Party, such notice shall be deemed to have been received fourteen (14) days after the receipt of the notice by the International Civil Aviation Organization.

ARTICLE 25 POWER TO SUPERSEDE This Agreement shall supersede any previous Agreements applicable between the Contracting Parties on international air services. Malawi 16 G.7 'f Rwanda Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025193

ARTICLE 26 ENTRY INTO FORCE This Agreement shall enter into force when both Contracting Parties shall have notified each other, through the diplomatic channels, of compliance with their nationally required legal procedures. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned thereunto duly authorised by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement in duplicate in English languages, all texts being equally authentic and each Party retains one original for implementation. Done at Kigali on this 31 st day of October of the year 2024. FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MALAWI FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA ~ ~A i Hon. Jacob HARA MINISTER OF TRANSPORT AND PUBLIC WORKS Hon. D . Jimmy GASORE MINISTER OF INFRASTRUCTURE Malawi Rwanda 17 Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025194 ANNEX ROUTE SCHEDULE SECTION I Routes to be operated by the designated airlines of the Republic of Malawi: POINTS IN MALAWI Any INTERMEDIATE POINTS Any POINTS IN RWANDA Any POINTS BEYOND Any Routes to be operated by the designated airlines of the Republic of Rwanda: SECTION II POINTS IN RWANDA Any INTERMEDIATE POINTS Any POINTS IN MALAWI Any POINTS BEYOND Any Operation of the Agreed Services 1. The Designated Airline(s) of both Contracting Parties may, on any or all flights and at its option, operate in either or both directions; serve intermediate and beyond points on the routes in any combination and in any order; omit calling at any or all intermediate or beyond point(s); terminate its services in the Territory of the other Contracting Party and/or in any point beyond that Territory; serve points within the Territory of each Contracting Party in any combination ; transfer traffic from any aircraft used by them to any other aircraft at any point or points in the route ; combine different flight numbers within one aircraft operation; and use owned or leased aircraft. 2. The designated airlines of either Contracting Party, on any or all flights, may exercise the 5th freedom traffic rights at any of the intermediate and/or beyond points. Malawi 18 'f' Rwanda Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025195 Bibonywe kugira ngo bishyirwe ku mugereka w’Iteka rya Perezida nº 027/01 ryo ku wa 17/12/2025 ryemeza burundu Amasezerano hagati ya Guverinoma ya Repubulika ya Malawi na Guverinoma ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere, yakorewe i Kigali, mu Rwanda, ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2024 Seen to be annexed to Presidential Order nº 027/01 of 17/12/2025 ratifying the Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Government of the Republic of Malawi for air services, done at Kigali, Rwanda, on 31 October 2024 l’Accord Vu pour être annexé à l’Arrêté Présidentiel nº 027/01 du 17/12/2025 ratifiant le Gouvernement de la République du Malawi et la République du Rwanda relatif aux services aériens, fait à Kigali, au Rwanda, le 31 octobre 2024 le Gouvernement de entre Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025196 Kigali, 17/12/2025 (sé) KAGAME Paul Perezida wa Repubulika President of the Republic Président de la République (sé) Dr NSENGIYUMVA Justin Minisitiri w’Intebe Prime Minister Premier Ministre Bibonywe kandi bishyizweho Ikirango cya Repubulika: Seen and sealed with the Seal of the Republic: Vu et scellé du Sceau de la République: (sé) Dr UGIRASHEBUJA Emmanuel Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Minister of Justice and Attorney General Ministre de la Justice et Garde des Sceaux Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025197