AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND ON AIR SERVICES, DONE AT WARSAW, POLAND, ON 13 NOVEMBER 2024

Ingingo ya mbere: Kwemeza burundu Article One: Ratification Article premier: Ratification Ingingo ya mbere: Kwemeza burundu Article One: Ratification Article premier: Ratification Amasezerano hagati ya Guverinoma ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda na Guverinoma ya Repubulika ya Polonye yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere, yakorewe i Warsaw, muri Polonye, ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 2024, ari ku mugereka, yemejwe atangiye gukurikizwa uko yakabaye. burundu kandi The Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda the Government of the Republic of Poland on air services, done at Warsaw, Poland, on 13 November 2024, in Annex, is ratified and becomes fully effective. and L’Accord entre le Gouvernement de la République du Rwanda et le Gouvernement de la République de Pologne relatif aux services aériens, fait à Varsovie, en Pologne, le 13 novembre 2024, en annexe, est ratifié et sort son plein et entier effet. Article 1 DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires: a) the term "Convention" means the Convention on International Civil Aviation , signed in Chicago on 7 December 1944 and includes any Annex adopted under Article 90 of that Convention and any amendment of the Annexes or of the Convention under Articles 90 and 94 thereof so far as those Annexes and amendments have been adopted by both Contracting Parties; b) the term "aeronautical authorities" means in the case of the Republic of Rwanda , the Minister responsible for civil aviation and, in the case of the Republic of Poland, the President of the Civil Aviation Authority, or in both cases , any other authority or person legally empowered to perform the functions exercised by the said authorities; c) the term "Agreement" means this Agreement, the Annex thereto and any amendements to the Agreement or to the Annex; d) the term "designated airline" means an airline which has been designated and authorised in accordance with Article 3 (Designation and Operating Authorisation) of this Agreement; e) the terms "agreed service" and "specified route" mean international air service established pursuant to Article 2 (Grant of Rights) of this Agreement and the route specified in the Annex to this Agreement, respectively; f) the term "tariff'' means the price to be paid for the carriage of passengers, baggage and cargo and the conditions under which those prices apply, including prices and conditions for agency and other auxiliary services performed by the airline in connection with air transportation , but excluding remuneration and conditions for the carriage of mail; g) the term "territory of the Contracting Party" means the territory of the State of either Contracting Party and has the meaning assigned to it in Article 2 of the Convention; h) the term "stop for non-traffic purposes" means a landing for any purpose other than taking on or discharging passengers, baggage, cargo and/or mail in air transportation ; i) j) the term "EU Member State" means State that is a contracting party to the EU Treaties; the term "EU Treaties" means the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ; Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025159 3 k) the term "Air Operator's Certificate" means a document issued to an airline which affirms that the airline in question has the professional ability and organization to secure the safe operation of aircraft for the aviation activities specified in the certificate; I) the term "user charge" means a charge made to airlines by the competent authority or permitted by that authority to be made for the provision of airport property or its facilities or of air navigation facilities including facilities for overflights, or related services and facilites for aircraft, their crews, passengers and cargo.

Ingingo ya 2: Abayobozi bashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa iri teka Article 2: Authorities responsible for the implementation of this Order Article 2: Autorités l’exécution du présent arrêté chargées de Ingingo ya 2: Abayobozi bashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa iri teka Article 2: Authorities responsible for the implementation of this Order Article 2: Autorités l’exécution du présent arrêté chargées de Minisitiri Minisitiri w’Intebe, Minisitiri w’Ibikorwa Remezo, w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane na Minisitiri w’Imari bashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa iri teka. n’Igenamigambi The Prime Minister, the Minister of Infrastructure, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation and the Minister of Finance and Economic the Planning entrusted with are Le Premier Ministre, le Ministre des Infrastructures, le Ministre des Affaires la Coopération de Étrangères Internationale et le Ministre des Finances et la Planification Économique sont de et Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025154 implementation of this Order. chargés de l’exécution du présent arrêté. Article 2 GRANT OF RIGHTS 1. Each Contracting Party grants to the other Contracting Party the following rights for establishing and operating international air services by the airlines designated by that other Contracting Party: a) b) c) d) the right to fly across its territory without landing ; the right to make stops in its territory for non-traffic purposes; the right to make stops in its territory at the points specified in the Annex to this Agreement for the purpose of taking on board and including mail discharging passengers, baggage and cargo, separately or in combination; and the rights otherwise specified in th is Agreement for the purpose of operating international air services on the routes specified in the Annex to this Agreement. 2. The airlines of each Contracting Party, other than those designated under Article 3 (Designation and Operating Authorisation) of this Agreement, shall also enjoy the rights specified in paragraph 1 a) and b) of this Article. 3. Nothing in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be deemed to confer on a designated airline of one Contracting Party the right to take on board, in the territory of the other Contracting Party, passengers, baggage and cargo , including mail, carried for remuneration or hire and destined for another point in the territory of that other Contracting Party.

Ingingo ya 3: Ingingo y’ururimi Article 3: Language provision Article 3: Disposition linguistique Ingingo ya 3: Ingingo y’ururimi Article 3: Language provision Article 3: Disposition linguistique teka Iri rw’Icyongereza. ryateguwe mu rurimi This Order was drafted in English. Le présent arrêté a été rédigé en anglais. Article 3 DESIGNATION AND OPERATING AUTHORISATION 1. Each Contracting Party shall have the right to designate the airlines for the purpose of operating the agreed services on the routes specified in the Annex Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025160 4 to this Agreement and to withdraw or alter such designations. Such designations shall be notified in writing by the aeronautical authority of one Contracting Party to the aeronautical authority of the other Contracting Party. 2. On receipt of such a designation and of applications from the designated airline in the form and manner prescribed for operating authorisation and technical permissions, the other Contracting Party shall grant the appropriate authorisations and permissions with minimum procedural delay, provided that: a) in the case of an airline designated by the Republic of Rwanda: i. the airline has a valid Operating Licence and Air Operator's Certificate issued by the Republic of Rwanda and the Republic of Rwanda has and maintains effective regulatory control of the airline; and ii. the airline has its principal place of business in the territory of the Republic of Rwanda; b) in the case of an airline designated by the Republic of Poland: 1. the airline is established in the territory of the Republic of Poland under the EU Treaties and has a valid Operating Licence in accordance with European Union law; and ii. effective regulatory control of the airline is exercised and maintained by the EU Member State responsible for issuing its Air Operator's Certificate and the relevant aeronautical authority is clearly identified in the designation; and iii. the airline is owned, directly or through majority ownership, and it is effectively controlled by EU Member States and/or nationals of EU Member States, and/or by the European Free Trade Association States and/or nationals of such States; c) d) the Contracting Party designating the airline exercises and maintains standards set forth in Article 15 (Aviation Security) and Article 16 (Safety) of this Agreement; and the designated airline is qualified to meet the conditions prescribed under the laws and regulations normally applied to the operation of international air services by the Contracting Party considering the application or applications. 3. When an airline has been so designated and authorised it may begin to operate the agreed services, provided that the airline complies with the provisions of this Agreement as well as national requirement~ c.once,r:nl_ng operating authorisation if applicable. , . '' '• ~

Ingingo ya 4: Gutangira gukurikizwa Article 4: Entry into force Article 4: Entrée en vigueur Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025152 ITEKA RYA PEREZIDA Nº 030/01 RYO KU WA 17/12/2025 RYEMEZA BURUNDU AMASEZERANO HAGATI YA GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA NA GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA POLONYE YEREKERANYE NO GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU MU KIRERE, YAKOREWE I WARSAW, MURI POLONYE, KU WA 13 UGUSHYINGO 2024 YA BETWEEN RATIFYING PRESIDENTIAL ORDER Nº 030/01 OF THE 17/12/2025 AGREEMENT THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND ON AIR SERVICES, DONE AT WARSAW, POLAND, ON 13 NOVEMBER 2024 RWANDA AND ENTRE 17/12/2025 ARRÊTÉ PRÉSIDENTIEL N° 030/01 RATIFIANT DU L’ACCORD LE LA GOUVERNEMENT RÉPUBLIQUE DU RWANDA ET LE GOUVERNEMENT LA POLOGNE REPUBLIQUE RELATIF AUX SERVICES AÉRIENS, FAIT À VARSOVIE, EN POLOGNE, LE 13 NOVEMBRE 2024 DE DE DE Twebwe, KAGAME Paul, Perezida wa Repubulika; We, KAGAME Paul, President of the Republic; Nous, KAGAME Paul, Président de la République; Dushingiye ku rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda, cyane cyane mu ngingo zaryo, iya 112 n’iya 168; Itegeko Nshinga Pursuant to the Constitution of the Republic of Rwanda, especially in Articles 112 and 168; Vu la Constitution de la République du Rwanda, spécialement en ses articles 112 et 168; Dushingiye ku Itegeko no 039/2025 ryo ku wa 16/12/2025 ryemera kwemeza burundu Amasezerano hagati ya Guverinoma ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda na Guverinoma ya Repubulika ya Polonye yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere, yashyiriweho umukono i Warsaw, muri Polonye, ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 2024; Pursuant to Law no 039/2025 of 16/12/2025 approving the ratification of the Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Republic of Poland on air services, signed at Warsaw, Poland, on 13 November 2024; the Government of Vu la Loi no 039/2025 du 16/12/2025 approuvant la ratification de l’Accord entre le Gouvernement de la République du Rwanda et la République de Pologne relatif aux services aériens, signé à Varsovie, en Pologne, le 13 novembre 2024; le Gouvernement de Tumaze kubona Amasezerano hagati ya Guverinoma ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda na Considering the Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and Considérant Gouvernement de l’Accord le entre la République du Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025153 Guverinoma ya Repubulika ya Polonye yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere, yakorewe i Warsaw, muri Polonye, ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 2024; the Government of the Republic of Poland on air services, done at Warsaw, Poland, on 13 November 2024; le Gouvernement de la Rwanda et République de Pologne relatif aux services aériens, fait à Varsovie, en Pologne, le 13 novembre 2024; Bisabwe na Minisitiri w’Ibikorwa Remezo; On proposal Infrastructure; by the Minister of proposition Sur Infrastructures; du Ministre des Inama y’Abaminisitiri imaze kubisuzuma no kubyemeza; After consideration and approval by the Cabinet; Après examen et adoption par le Conseil des Ministres; DUTEGETSE: DO ORDER: ARRÊTONS: Ingingo ya 4: Gutangira gukurikizwa Article 4: Entry into force Article 4: Entrée en vigueur Iri teka ritangira gukurikizwa ku munsi ritangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. This Order comes into force on the date of its publication in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda. Le présent arrêté entre en vigueur le jour de sa publication au Journal Officiel de la République du Rwanda. Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025155 Kigali, 17/12/2025 (sé) KAGAME Paul Perezida wa Repubulika President of the Republic Président de la République (sé) Dr NSENGIYUMVA Justin Minisitiri w’Intebe Prime Minister Premier Ministre Bibonywe kandi bishyizweho Ikirango cya Repubulika: Seen and sealed with the Seal of the Republic: Vu et scellé du Sceau de la République: (sé) Dr UGIRASHEBUJA Emmanuel Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Minister of Justice and Attorney General Ministre de la Justice et Garde des Sceaux Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025156 HAGATI UMUGEREKA W’ITEKA RYA PEREZIDA Nº 030/01 RYO KU WA 17/12/2025 RYEMEZA BURUNDU YA AMASEZERANO GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA NA GUVERINOMA YA POLONYE REPUBULIKA YEREKERANYE NO GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU MU KIRERE, YAKOREWE I WARSAW, MURI POLONYE, KU WA 13 UGUSHYINGO 2024 YA HAGATI AMASEZERANO YA GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA NA GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA POLONYE YEREKERANYE NO GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU MU KIRERE, YAKOREWE I WARSAW, MURI POLONYE, KU WA 13 UGUSHYINGO 2024 YA ANNEX TO PRESIDENTIAL ORDER Nº 030/01 OF 17/12/2025 RATIFYING THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND ON AIR SERVICES, DONE AT WARSAW, POLAND, ON 13 NOVEMBER 2024 RWANDA AND RWANDA BETWEEN AGREEMENT THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC THE OF GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND ON AIR SERVICES, DONE AT WARSAW, POLAND, ON 13 NOVEMBER 2024 AND À L’ARRÊTÉ ANNEXE PRÉSIDENTIEL Nº 030/01 DU 17/12/2025 RATIFIANT L’ACCORD ENTRE LE GOUVERNEMENT DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU RWANDA ET LE GOUVERNEMENT LA POLOGNE REPUBLIQUE RELATIF AUX SERVICES AÉRIENS, FAIT À VARSOVIE, EN POLOGNE, LE 13 NOVEMBRE 2024 DE DE DE ENTRE LE ACCORD GOUVERNEMENT LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU RWANDA ET LE GOUVERNEMENT LA REPUBLIQUE POLOGNE RELATIF AUX SERVICES AÉRIENS, FAIT À VARSOVIE, EN POLOGNE, LE 13 NOVEMBRE 2024 DE DE Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025157 AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND ON AIR SERVICES The Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Government of the Republic of Poland , hereinafter referred to as "the Contracting Parties"; Being parties to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, signed in Chicago on 7 December 1944; Acknowledging the importance of air transport as a means of creating and preserving friendship, understanding and cooperation between the peoples of the two countries; Desiring to develop cooperation in the field of air transport and to contribute to the progress of international civil aviation; Desiring to conclude an agreement for the purpose of establishing air services between and beyond their respective territories; Have agreed as follows: Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025158 2 Article 4 /:,>- //· . f ,, • .J ·, • I i . \ ·i . ' . ; • \ ·:. Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025161 5 REFUSAL, REVOCATION, SUSPENSION AND LIMITATION OF OPERATING AUTHORISATION 1. Either Contracting Party may refuse, revoke, suspend or limit the operating authorisation or technical permissions of an airline designated by the other Contracting Party where: a) in the case of an airline designated by the Republic of Rwanda: i. the airline does not have a valid Operating Licence or Air Operator's Certificate issued by the Republic of Rwanda or the Republic of Rwanda does not exercise or does not maintain effective regulatory control of the airline; or ii. the airline does not have its principal place of business in the territory of the Republic of Rwanda ; b) in the case of an airline designated by the Republic of Poland: i. the airline is not established in the territory of the Republic of Poland under the EU Treaties or does not have a valid Operating Licence in accordance with European Union law; or ii. effective regulatory control of the airline is not exercised or not maintained by the EU Member State responsible for issuing its Air Operator's Certificate, or the relevant aeronautical authority is not clearly identified in the designation; or iii. the airline is not owned, directly or through majority ownership, or it is not effectively controlled by EU Member States and/or nationals of EU Member States, and/or by the European Free Trade Association States and/or nationals of such States; c) the Contracting Party designating the airline does not exercise or does not maintain standards set forth in Article 15 (Aviation Security) and Article 16 (Safety) of this Agreement; or d) the designated airline fails to meet conditions prescribed under the laws and regulations normally applied to the operation of international air services. 2. Unless immediate action is essential to prevent further non-compliance, the rights enumerated in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be exercised only after consultations with the aeronautical authorities of the other Contracting Party in conformity with Article 18 (Consultations) of this Agreement. --:-~ .... ~ , \\ -- ,,·,,:-.,y~.,t~ .... ' J I • ,,.- 1)\/ ' I•/ ....

Article 5 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025162 6 APPLICATION OF LAWS 1. While entering, within , or leaving the territory of one Contracting Party, the laws and regulations of the State of that Contracting Party relating to the operation and navigation of aircraft shall be complied with by the other Contracting Party's designated airlines. 2. While entering , within , or leaving the territory of one Contracting Party, the laws and regulations relating to the admission to or departure from its territory of passengers, crews, cargo , mail on board aircraft (including regulations relating to entry, clearance, aviation security and safety, immigration, passports, customs and quarantine or, in the case of mail, postal regulations) shall be complied with by, or on behalf of, such passengers and crews or in relation to such cargo of the other Contracting Party's airlines. 3. The laws and regulations of the State of a Contracting Party mentioned in paragraph 2 of this Article shall be the same as are applicable to the aircraft of its own airlines engaged in similar international air services.

Article 6 DIRECT TRANSIT Passengers, baggage, cargo and mail in direct transit across the territory of either Contracting Party and not leaving the area of the airport reserved for such purposes shall, unless security measures against violence, border integrity, air piracy and smuggling of narcotic drugs and immigration control measures required differently, be subject to no more than a very simplified control. Baggage and cargo in direct transit shall be exempt from customs duties, taxes and similar charges.

Article 7 GROUND HANDLING Subject to the laws and regulations of the State of each Contracting Party including, in the case of the Republic of Poland, European Union law, each designated airline shall have in the territory of the other Contracting Party the right to perform its own ground handling (in this Article called "self-handling") or, at its option, the right to select among competing suppliers that provide ground handling services in whole or in part. Where such laws and regulations limit or preclude self-handling and where there is no effective competition between suppliers that provide ground handling services, each designated airline shall be treated on a non-discriminatory basis as regards their access to self-handling and ground handling services provided by a supplier or suppJ_i,e.r:~';"-:- - _ -

Article 8 / ' ;· - ,.·, /· -·· ;",,;- • I I , ~- ·~ ' . Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025163 7 CUSTOMS DUTIES, TAXES AND SIMILAR CHARGES 1. Aircraft operated in international air services by the designated airlines of either Contracting Party, as well as their regular equipment, spare parts (including engines), supplies of fuel and lubricants (including hydraulic fluids) and aircraft stores (including food , beverages, liquors, tobacco and other products for sale to or use by passengers in limited quantities during flight) on board such aircraft shall be exempt from customs duties, inspection fees and other duties or taxes on arriving in the territory of the other Contracting Party to the extent possible under applicable legislation provided that these aircraft are re-exported and such equipment, spare parts, supplies and stores remain on board those aircraft up to such time as they are re-exported. 2. There shall also be exempt from taxes the extent possible under applicable legislation of the State of each exception corresponding the same duties and charges the of to Contracting Party, with to the performed service: a) aircraft stores taken on board in the territory of either Contracting Party within limits fixed by the competent authorities of the said Contracting Party and destined for use on board outbound aircraft operated on an international service by the designated airlines of the other Contracting Party; b) spare parts (including engines) and into the territory of one Contracting Party and destined for the exploitation or repair of aircraft engaged in an international service by the designated airlines of the other Contracting Party; regular equipment entered c) fuel and lubricants (including hydraulic fluids) to supply aircraft engaged in an international service by the designated airlines of the other Contracting Party even when these supplies are to be used on the part of the flight performed over the territory of the Contracting Party in which they are taken on board; ct) advertising materials, having no commercial value used by the designated airlines of each Contracting Party in the territory of the other Contracting Party. 3. If national laws and regulations of the State of either Contracting Party so require , materials referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall be kept under customs supervision of the said Contracting Party. 4. The regular airborne equipment as well as materials and supplies retained on board of the aircraft operated by the designated airlines of either Contracting Party may be unloaded in the territory of the other Contracting Party only with the approval of the customs authorities of such territory. In such case, they may be placed under the supervision of the said authorities up to such time as they are re-exported or otherwise disposed of with the ' consent of. the same authorities. Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025164 8 5. The exemptions provided by this Article shall also be available where the designated airlines of one Contracting Party have contracted with another airline or airlines, for the loan or transfer in the territory of that other Contracting Party of the regular equipment and other items specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, provided that other airline or airlines enjoy similar exemptions from that other Contracting Party. PRINCIPLES GOVERNING OPERATION OF AGREED SERVICES

Article 9 1. There shall be fair and equal opportunity for the designated airlines of both Contracting Parties to compete in operating the agreed services on the specified routes. 2. Each Contracting Party shall allow each designated airline to determine the frequency and capacity of the international air transport it offers, according to commercial and market-based considerations. Neither Contracting Party shall unilaterally limit the volume of traffic, frequency or regularity of service, or the aircraft type or types operated by the airlines designated by the other Contracting Party, except as may be required according to the terms of this Agreement or by such uniform conditions as may be contemplated by the Convention. 3. Neither Contracting Party shall allow its designated airline or airlines, either in conjunction with any other airline or airlines or separately, to abuse market power in a way which has or is likely or intended to have the effect of severely weakening a competitor or excluding it from a route.

Article 10 TIMETABLES 1. The designated airlines of each Contracting Party shall submit to the aeronautical authorities of the other Contracting Party for approval thirty (30) days in advance, the timetable of its intended services, specifying the points to be served, frequency, times of operations, type of aircraft, number of seats or capacity to be made available to the public. In special cases this time limit may be reduced subject to the approval of the said aeronautical authorities. 2. Any subsequent changes to the approved timetable of a designated airline shall be submitted for approval to the aeronautical authorities of the other Contracting Party.

Article 11 TARIFFS Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025165 9 1. Each Contracting Party shall allow tariffs for air services to be established freely by each designated airline on the basis of fair competition. 2. The Contracting Parties may require , for information purposes only, notification of tariffs to its aeronautical authorities.

Article 12 COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY 1. The designated airlines of each Contracting Party shall have the right to establish their branches, offices and/or representations in the territory of the other Contracting Party, in accordance with the laws and regulations of the State of that other Contracting Party. 2. The designated airlines of each Contracting Party shall have the right in accordance with the laws and regulations of the State of that other Contracting Party relating to entry, residence and employment, to bring in and maintain in the territory of the other Contracting Party their managerial, technical, operational and other specialist staff required for the provision and promotion of air services. 3. In accordance with the laws and regulations of the State of the other Contracting Party, the designated airlines of each Contracting Party shall have the right to engage in the sale of air transportation documents in the territory of the other Contracting Party directly and , at its discretion , through its agents or internet. Each designated airline shall have the right to sell its air transportation documents in the currency of the other Contracting Party or in freely convertible currencies in accordance with the foreign exchange regulations in force.

Article 13 TRANSFER OF EARNINGS Each Contracting Party grants to the designated airlines of the other Contracting Party the right of conversion and transfer of excess of receipts over expenditure, earned in its territory in connection with the carriage of passengers, baggage, cargo , including mail, on the agreed services. The conversion and transfer shall be made promptly at the market rate of exchange applicable to cu rrent transactions and in accordance with the foreign exchange regulations being in force, and shall not be subject to any charges except those normally made by banks or other financial institutions for carrying out such conversion and transfer.

Article 14 USER CHARGES Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025166 10 1. Neither Contracting Party shall impose or permit to be imposed on a designated airline of the other Contracting Party less favorable charges than those international air transportation using similar aircraft and associated facilities and services. its own airlines conducting similar imposed on 2. Each Contracting Party shall encourage consultations between its responsible charging bodies and the designated airlines using the facilities and services, and shall encourage the competent charging authorities or bodies and the airlines to exchange such information as may be necessary to permit an accurate review of the reasonableness of the charges in accordance with the principles enunciated in this Article. Each Contracting Party shall encourage the competent charging bodies to provide users with reasonable notice of any proposal for changes in user charges to enable users to express their views before changes are made.

Article 15 AVIATION SECURITY 1. Consistent with their rights and obligations under international law, the Contracting Parties reaffirm that their obligation to each other to protect the security of civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference forms an integral part of this Agreement. Without limiting the generality of their rights and obligations under international law, the Contracting Parties shall in particular act in conformity with the provisions of the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, done at Tokyo on 14 September 1963, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, done at The Hague on 16 December 1970, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, done at Montreal on 23 September 1971 , the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Av iation , signed in Montreal on 23 September 1971 , done at Montreal on 24 February 1988, the Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection, signed in Montreal on 1 March 1991 and any other multilateral agreement relating to the security of civil aviation to which both Contracting Parties have acceded. 2. The Contracting Parties shall provide upon request all necessary assistance to each other to prevent acts of unlawful seizure of civil aircraft and other unlawful acts against the safety of such aircraft, their passengers and crew, airports and air navigation facilities and any other threat to the security of civil aviation. 3. The Contracting Parties shall, in their mutual relations, act in conformity with the aviation security provisions established by the lntern,ationaTCwil'Aviation Organization and designated as Annexes to the Convention to . the extent that such security provisions are applicable to the Contracting Parties:''They;,shall J ' ' • .~ Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025167 1 1 require that operators of aircraft of their registry or operators of aircraft which have their principal place of business or permanent residence in the territory of the Contracting Parties or, in the case of the Republic of Poland, operators of aircraft which are established in its territory under the EU Treaties and have valid Operating Licences in accordance with European Union law, and the operators of airports in their territory act in conformity with such aviation security provisions. 4. Each Contracting Party agrees that its operators of aircraft shall be required to observe, for entry into, departure from or while within the territory of the other Contracting Party, aviation security provisions in conformity with the law in force in that State including , in the case of the Republic of Poland, European Union law. Each Contracting Party shall ensure that adequate measures are effectively applied within its territory to protect the aircraft, inspect passengers, crew, carry-on items, baggage, cargo and aircraft stores prior to and during boarding and loading . 5. Each Contracting Party shall give sympathetic consideration to any the other Contracting Party for reasonable special security request from measures to meet a particular threat. 6. When an incident or threat of an incident of unlawful seizure of civil aircraft or other unlawful acts against the safety of such aircraft, their passengers and crew, airports or air navigation facilities occur, the Contracting Parties shall assist each other by facilitating communications and other appropriate measures intended to terminate rapidly and safely such incident or threat thereof. 7. When a Contracting Party has reasonable grounds to believe that the other Contracting Party does not conform to the provisions of aviation security in this Article , the aeronautical authorities of that Contracting Party may request immediate consultations with the aeronautical authorities of the other Contracting Party. Failure to reach a satisfactory agreement within fifteen (15) days from the date of receipt of such request shall constitute grounds for suspending , revoking , the operating authorisation and technical permissions of an airline or airlines designated by that Contracting Party. When required by an emergency, a Contracting Party may take interim actions before the expiration of fifteen (15) days. Any action taken in accordance with this paragraph shall cease at the time of compliance by the other Contracting Party with the security provisions of this Article. imposing conditions on limiting or

Article 16 SAFETY 1. Each Contracting Party may request consultations at any time concerning safety standards adopted by the other Contracting Party in any area relating to aeronautical facilities, aircrew, aircraft a.nd,--:;-theiJ- operation. Such consultations shall take place within thirty (30) days from the receipt of that request. /'·"' I Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025168 12 2. If, following such consultations, one Contracting Party finds that the other Contracting Party does not effectively maintain and administer safety standards in any such area that are at least equal to the minimum standards established at that time pursuant to the Convention, the first Contracting Party shall notify the other Contracting Party of those findings and the steps considered necessary to conform with those minimum standards, and the other Contracting Party shall take appropriate corrective action. Failure by the other Contracting Party to take appropriate action within fifteen (15) days or such longer period as may be agreed, shall be grounds for the application of Article 4 (Refusal, Revocation , Suspension and Limitation of Operating Authorisation) of th is Agreement. 3. Notwithstanding the obligations mentioned in Article 33 of the Convention it is agreed that any aircraft operated by or, under a lease arrangement, on behalf of the airline or airlines of one Contracting Party on services to or from the territory of the other Contracting Party may, while within the territory of the other Contracting Party, be made the subject of an examination by the authorised representatives of the other Contracting Party, on board and around the aircraft to check both the validity of the aircraft documents and those of its crew and the apparent condition of the aircraft and its equipment (in this Article called "ramp inspection"), provided this does not lead to unreasonable delay. 4. If any such ramp inspection or series of ramp inspections give rise to: a) serious concerns that an aircraft or the operation of an aircraft does not comply with the minimum standards established at that time pursuant to the Convention; or b) serious concerns that there is a lack of effective maintenance and administration of safety standards established at that time pursuant to the Convention , the Contracting Party carrying out the inspection shall, for the purposes of Article 33 of the Convention, be free to conclude that the requ irements under which the certificates or licences in respect of that aircraft or in respect of the crew of that aircraft had been issued or rendered valid , or that the requirements under which that aircraft is operated , are not equal to or above the minimum standards established pursuant to the Convention. 5. In the event that access for the purpose of undertaking a ramp inspection of an aircraft operated by or on behalf of a designated airline of one Contracting Party in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article is denied by the representative of that airline, the other Contracting Party shall be free to infer that serious concerns of the type referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article arise and draw the conclusions referred to in that paragraph . 6. Each Contracting Party reserves the right to suspend or vary the operating authorisation of an airline or airlines of the other Contracting Party immediately in the event the first Contracting Party concludes , whether as a result of a ramp inspection , a series of ramp inspections, a denial of access for .. ' ' Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025169 13 ramp inspection, consultations or otherwise, that immediate action is essential to the safety of an airline operation. 7. Any action taken by one Contracting Party in accordance with paragraph 2 or 6 of this Article shall be discontinued once the basis for the taking of that action ceases to exist. 8. Where the Republic of Poland has designated an airline whose regulatory control is exercised and maintained by another EU Member State, the rights of the Republic of Rwanda under the safety provisions shall apply equally in respect of the adoption , exercise or maintenance of safety standards by that other EU Member State and in respect of the operating authorisation of that airline. 9. Certificates of airworthiness, certificates of competency and licences issued or validated in accordance with the laws and regulations of the State of one Contracting Party including, in the case of the Republic of Poland , European Union law, and unexpired shall be recognized as valid by the other Contracting Party for the purposes of operating the agreed services, provided that such certificates and licences were issued or validated , equal to or above the minimum standards established under the Convention. 10. Each Contracting Party reserves the right, however, to refuse to recognize as valid , for the purpose of flights above its own territory, certificates of competency and licences granted to its own nationals by the other Contracting Party.

Article 17 STATISTICS The aeronautical authorities of each Contracting Party shall provide to the aeronautical authorities of the other Contracting Party, upon request, with periodic or other statements of statistics as may be reasonably required for the purpose of reviewing the operation of the agreed services, including statistics showing the origins and destinations of the traffic.

Article 18 CONSULTATIONS 1. Either Contracting Party may, at any time , request consultations on the implementation, interpretation, application or amendment of this Agreement. 2. Such consultations, which may be held between the aeronautical authorities of the Contracting Parties, shall begin within a period of sixty (60) days from the date of receipt of such a request by the other Gontractfiig-Party, unless otherwise agreed upon by the Contracting Parties. - ,, ' • ,--, • 1 ' \ \ ' ' ) , Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025170 14

Article 19 SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 1. If any dispute arises between the Contracting Parties relating to the interpretation or application of this Agreement, the Contracting Parties shall in the first place endeavour to settle it by consultations between the aeronautical authorities of the Contracting Parties. 2. If the Contracting Parties do not reach an agreement through consultations between the aeronautical authorities, they may agree to refer the dispute for decision to a mutually agreed person or body, or either Contracting Party may submit the dispute for decision to a tribunal of three arbitrators, one to be nominated by each Contracting Party and the third to be appointed by the two arbitrators so nominated, provided that such third arbitrator shall not be a national of the State of either Contracting Party. Each of the Contracting Parties shall nominate an arbitrator within a period of sixty (60) days from the date of receipt by either Contracting Party from the other Contracting Party of a notice through diplomatic channels requesting arbitration of the dispute and the third arbitrator shall be appointed within a period of sixty (60) days from the appointement of the second arbitrator. If either of the Contracting Parties fails to nominate an arbitrator within the period specified , or if the third arbitrator is not appointed within the period specified , the President of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization may be requested by either Contracting Party to appoint an arbitrator or arbitrators as the case requires . If the President is a national of the State of one of the Contracting Party, the most senior vice-president who is not disqualified on that ground , shall make the appointment. 3. The arbitral tribunal shall determine its own procedures. The decision of the arbitral tribunal shall be binding on the Contracting Parties. 4. Each Contracting Party shall pay the expenses of the arbitrator it has nominated. The remaining expenses of the arbitral tribunal , including the expenses of the president of the tribunal, shall be shared equally by the Contracting Parties. 5. Each Contracting Party may limit, withhold or revoke any rights or privileges which it has granted by virtue of this Agreement to the Contracting Party in default or to the designated airline in default.

Article 20 REGISTRATION ,.,,, ... -~ - ......__ I Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025171 15 This Agreement and any amendment thereto shall be registered with the International Civil Aviation Organization.

Article 21 AMENDMENTS 1. Either of the Contracting Parties may at any time propose to the other Contracting Party any amendment which this Agreement. Consultations on the amendments of the Agreement, which may be conducted through discussion or by correspondence between the aeronautical authorities of the Contracting Parties, shall begin within a period of sixty (60) days from the date of the receipt of the request, unless otherwise agreed by the Contracting Parties. it considers desirable to 2. If one Contracting Party considers it desirable to amend the Annex to this Agreement, the aeronautical authorities of both Contracting Parties may agree upon such amendment. 3. Any amendment to in accordance with paragraph 1 or 2 of this Article shall come into force in accordance with the procedure specified in paragraph 2 of Article 23 (Entry into force) of this Agreement. this Agreement or its Annex introduced

Article 22 MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS If a multilateral agreement concerning air transport comes into force in respect of both Contracting Parties, this Agreement shall be amended so as to conform with the provisions of such agreement.

Article 23 ENTRY INTO FORCE 1. This Agreement is concluded for an indeterminate period. 2. This Agreement shall be accepted pursuant to the national legislation of the State of each Contracting Party which shall be confirmed by exchange of diplomatic notes. This Agreement shall come into force on the date of the receipt of the latter of diplomatic notes confirming that the Contracting Parties have completed procedures required for the entry into force of this Agreement.

Article 24 TERMINATION Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025172 16 1. Either Contracting Party may, at any time, give notice through diplomatic channels to the other Contracting Party of its decision to terminate this Agreement. Such notice shall be simultaneously communicated the International Civil Aviation Organization. to 2. This Agreement shall terminate twelve (12) months from the date on which the notice was received by the other Contracting Party unless the notice to terminate is withdrawn by agreement of the Contracting Parties before the expiry of this period. In the absence of acknowledgement of receipt of the notice by the other Contracting Party, the notice shall be deemed to have been received fourteen (14) days after the date of receipt of the notice by the International Civil Aviation Organization. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned , being duly authorised by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement. DONE at Warsaw, this 13th day of November 2024, in two copies , each in the English and Polish languages, both texts being equally authentic. Poland Plenipotentiary of the Government of the Republic of Poland for Central Communication Port Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025173 17 ANNEX Section I Route Schedule Routes to be operated by the designated airlines of the Republic of Rwanda: Points in the territory of the Republic of Rwanda Any points Intermediate points Points in the territory Points beyond of the Republic of Poland Any points Any points Any points Routes to be operated by the designated airlines of the Republic of Poland: Points in the territory of the Republic of Poland Intermediate points Any points Any points Points in the territory of the Republic of Rwanda Any points Points beyond Any points Notes: 1. The designated airlines of each Contracting Party may on any or all flights omit stops at any intermediate point and point beyond '. on a specified route provided that air services begin or end in the territory of the Contracting Party which has designated the airline. 2. The intermediate and beyond points on the above routes to be operated with fifth freedom traffic rights by the designated airlines, shall be subject to approval by the aeronautical authorities of either Contracting Party. Section II Cooperative marketing arrangements 1. In operating or holding out air services on the specified routes , any designated airline of one Contracting Party may enter into cooperative marketing arrangements, such as blocked-space and code-sharing arrangements,w1th.:- .. ~ Y;: a) an airline or airlines of the same Contracting Party; b) an airline or airlines of the other Contracting Party; and, c) an airline or airlines of a third state Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025174 18 provided that all airlines in such arrangements: i. hold the appropriate authority; ii. meet the requirements normally applied to such arrangements; and iii. in respect of tickets sold , the airline makes it clear to the purchaser at the point of sale which airline will actually operate each sector of the service and with which airline or airlines the purchaser is entering into a contractual relationship. 2. The designated airlines of the Contracting Parties, when code sharing in the above arrangements, shall be allowed to hold out as marketing carrier any number of services. Section Ill Lease of aircraft The designated airlines of each Contracting Party may, in operating or holding out international air transportation pursuant to this Agreement, use aircraft (or aircraft and crew) leased from any company, including other airlines, provided all participants in such arrangements hold the appropriate authority and meet the requirements applied to such arrangements. Neither Contracting Party shall require an airline of either party providing the aircraft to hold traffic rights under this Agreement for the routes on which the aircraft will be operated. Section IV lntermodal Transportation to or including indirect providers of cargo from any points within or outside The designated airlines and transportation of the Contracting Parties shall be permitted, without restriction, to employ in connection with international air transportation any surface transportation for cargo territories of the Contracting Parties, from all airports with customs facilities, and including , where applicable the right to transport cargo in bond under applicable laws and regulations. Such cargo, whether moving by surface or by air, shall have access to airport customs processing and facilities . The designated airlines may elect to perform their own surface transportation or to provide it through arrangements with other surface carriers, including surface transportation operated by other airlines and indirect providers of cargo transportation. Such intermodal cargo services may be offered at a single, through price for the air and surface transportation combined, provided that shippers are informed as to the facts concerning suctvransp?rt€l!ion. transport to and the 1<~.,: . " ' / l / ~, r ' . ~ Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025175 Bibonywe kugira ngo bishyirwe ku mugereka w’Iteka rya Perezida nº 030/01 ryo ku wa 17/12/2025 ryemeza burundu Amasezerano hagati ya Guverinoma ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda na Guverinoma ya Repubulika ya Polonye yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere, yakorewe i Warsaw, muri Polonye, ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 2024 Seen to be annexed to Presidential Order nº 030/01 of 17/12/2025 ratifying the Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Government of the Republic of Poland on air services, done at Warsaw, Poland, on 13 November 2024 l’Accord l’Arrêté Vu pour être annexé à Présidentiel nº 030/01 du 17/12/2025 ratifiant le Gouvernement de la République du Rwanda et le Gouvernement de la République de Pologne relatif aux services aériens, fait à Varsovie, en Pologne, le 13 novembre 2024 entre Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025176 Kigali, 17/12/2025 (sé) KAGAME Paul Perezida wa Repubulika President of the Republic Président de la République (sé) Dr NSENGIYUMVA Justin Minisitiri w’Intebe Prime Minister Premier Ministre Bibonywe kandi bishyizweho Ikirango cya Repubulika: Seen and sealed with the Seal of the Republic: Vu et scellé du Sceau de la République: (sé) Dr UGIRASHEBUJA Emmanuel Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Minister of Justice and Attorney General Ministre de la Justice et Garde des Sceaux Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025177