AIR SERVICES AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF ZIMBABWE AND THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA, DONE AT KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA, ON 23 OCTOBER 2024

Ingingo ya mbere: Kwemeza burundu Article One: Ratification Article premier: Ratification Ingingo ya mbere: Kwemeza burundu Article One: Ratification Article premier: Ratification Amasezerano hagati ya Repubulika ya Zimbabwe na Repubulika y’u Rwanda yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere, yakorewe i Kuala Lumpur, muri Maleziya, ku wa 23 Ukwakira 2024, ari ku kandi yemejwe mugereka, atangiye gukurikizwa uko yakabaye. burundu The Air Services Agreement between the Republic of Zimbabwe and the Republic of Rwanda, done at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 23 October 2024, in Annex, is ratified and becomes fully effective. L’Accord sur les services aériens entre la République du Zimbabwe et la République du Rwanda, fait à Kuala Lumpur, en Malaisie, le 23 octobre 2024, en annexe, est ratifié et sort son plein et entier effet. ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of the present Agreement and any annex attached thereto, unless the context otherwise requires, the term: - {a) "Aeronautical Authorities" means i. ii. in the case of the Republic of Rwanda, the Ministry in charge of civil aviation and, in the case of Republic of Zimbabwe, the Ministry in charge of civil aviation, or in both cases any other authority or person delegated/ or empowered to perform the functions now exercised by the said authorities; {b) "Agreed Services" means scheduled International Air Services between and beyond the respective territories of the Republic of Rwanda and the republic of Zimbabwe for the transport of passengers, cargo and mail, separately or in any combination on the specified routes pursuant to the Annex to the present Agreement ; {c) "Agreement" means this Agreement, its Annex drawn up in application thereof, and any amendment to the Agreement or to the Annex; {d) "Air services", "international air services", "airline" and "stop for non-traffic purposes" have the meanings respectively assigned to them in Article 96 of the Convention; (e) "Capacity" is the amount{s) of services provided under this Agreement, usually measured in the number of flights {frequencies) or seats or tonnes of cargo being offered in a market {city pair, or country to country) or on a route during a specific period, such as daily, weekly, seasonally or annually; {ij "Cargo": goods including mail transported from one airport to another by an airline; (g) "Convention" means the Convention on International Civil Aviation opened for signature at Chicago on the seventh day of December, 1944 and includes any Annexes adopted under Article 90 and 94 thereof so far as those Annexes and Amendments have been adopted by both Contracting Parties; {h) "Decision" means the text of the Yamoussoukro Ministerial Decision of 14th November, 1999 as endorsed by the AU Heads of States including the Appendices, annexes and Amendments; {i) "Designated Airline" means an airline which has been designated and authorized in accordance with Article 3 of this Agreement; 0) "Eligible airline" means any African air transport company fulfilling the requirements set forth in

Ingingo ya 2: Abayobozi bashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa iri teka Article 2: Authorities responsible for the implementation of this Order Article 2: Autorités l’exécution du présent arrêté chargées de Ingingo ya 2: Abayobozi bashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa iri teka Article 2: Authorities responsible for the implementation of this Order Article 2: Autorités l’exécution du présent arrêté chargées de Minisitiri Minisitiri w’Intebe, Minisitiri w’Ibikorwa Remezo, w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane na Minisitiri w’Imari bashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa iri teka. n’Igenamigambi The Prime Minister, the Minister of Infrastructure, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation and the Minister of Finance and Economic Planning the are implementation of this Order. entrusted with Le Premier Ministre, le Ministre des Infrastructures, le Ministre des Affaires la Coopération de Étrangères Internationale et le Ministre des Finances et de la Planification Économique sont chargés de l’exécution du présent arrêté. et Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025208 ARTICLE 2 GRANT OF TRAFFIC RIGHTS 1. Each Contracting Party shall grant to the other Contracting Party in respect of scheduled international air services, on the specified routes the following: (a). (b). (c). The right to fly across its territory without landing; The right to make stops in its territory for non-traffic purposes; and The right to make stops at points specified for that routes in the Annex to this Agreement, for the purpose of putting down and taking on international traffic in passengers, cargo and mail, separately or in combination carried for compensation to or from points in the territory of the other Party; and (d) the right to exercise 5th freedom from or to intra-African points in accordance with the Yamoussoukro Decision. 2. 3. The Airlines of each Contracting Party, other than those designated in terms of Article 3, shall also have the rights provided for in paragraphs (a) and (b) of sub-Article (1). If because of armed conflict, political disturbances or developments, or special and unusual circumstances, a designated airline of a Contracting Party is unable to operate a service on its normal routes, the other Contracting Party shall use its best efforts to facilitate the continued operation of such service through appropriate temporary rearrangements of such routes, including the temporary granting of alternative rights, as mutually decided by the Contracting Parties. 4. Nothing in this Article shall be deemed to confer on the airline(s) of one Contracting Party the rights to take on board, in the territory of the other Contracting Party, passengers, their baggage, cargo, or mail carried for compensation and destined for another point in the territory of that other Contracting Party. 5 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025216 ARTICLE3 DESIGNATION AND AUTHORISATION OF AIRLINES 1. Each Contracting Party shall have the right to designate in writing to the other Contracting Party, one or more airlines who meet the eligibility criteria defined by article 6.9 of the Yamoussoukro Decision, for the purpose of operating intra-Africa air transport services and/or the agreed services on the specified routes. The designation will be the subject of a written notification to the other State Party through diplomatic channels. 2. A Contracting Party shall have the right to designate an Eligible African multinational airline in which it is a stakeholder and this airline shall be accepted by the other Contracting Parties, provided that the effective control of this air carrier is exercised by the States Parties to the Yamoussoukro Decision. 3. On receipt of the notice of such designation, the other Contracting Party shall, subject to the provisions of paragraphs (3) and (4) of this Article, without delay but not later than thirty (30) days grant to the airline designated, the appropriate operating authorization. 4. The Aeronautical Authorities of one Contracting Party may require an airline designated by the other Contracting Party to satisfy them that it is qualified to fulfill the conditions prescribed under the laws and regulations which are applicable to the operation of international air services by such authorities in conformity with the provisions of the Convention. 5. Each Contracting Party shall have the right to refuse to grant the operating authorizations referred to in paragraph (3) of this Article, or to impose such conditions as it may deem necessary on the exercise by a designated airline of the rights specified in Article 2 of this Agreement, in any case where the said Contracting Party is not satisfied that the principal place of business and effective control (as specified in Article 6.9) of that airline are vested in the Contracting Party designating the airline or in its nationals. 6. When an airline has been so designated and authorized, it may begin at any time to operate the agreed services provided that the conditions of operation of those services and the tariffs to be applied thereon have been filed under Articles 13 and 14 of this Agreement. 6 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025217 ARTICLE4 RECOGNITION OF CERTIFICATES AND LICENCES 1. Certificates of airworthiness, certificates of competency and licences issued or rendered valid by either Contracting Party and still in force, shall be recognized as valid by the other Contracting Party for the purpose of operating the routes specified in the Annexure I to this Agreement, provided that the requirements under which such certificates and licenses are issued or rendered valid are equal to or above the minimum standards which may be established pursuant to the Convention. 2. If the privileges or conditions of the licenses and certificates referred to in paragraph 1 which the aeronautical authorities of a Party have issued to a designated airline or for an aircraft used in the operation of the agreed services allow a difference from the minimum standards defined under of the Convention, a difference which has been notified to the International Civil Aviation Organization, each Party may request consultations between the Aeronautical Authorities with a view to clarifying the practice in question. 3. Each Contracting Party reserves the right, however to refuse to recognize as valid for the purpose of operating the said specified routes over its own territory; i. certificates of competency and licences issued to its own nationals by the other Contracting Party; and/or ii. if the privileges or conditions of the licenses or certificates issued or rendered valid by one Contracting Party permit a difference from the standards established under the Convention, whether or not such difference has been filed with the International Civil Aviation Organization. 7 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025218 ARTICLES WITHHOLDING, REVOCATION, SUSPENSION, OR LIMITATION OF OPERATING AUTHORISATIONS 1. Each Contracting Party shall have the right to withhold, revoke an operating authorization, or to limit, suspend the exercise of the rights specified in Article 2 of this Agreement by the airline designated by the other Contracting Party or to impose such conditions as it may deem necessary on the exercise of this rights in any of the following cases: - (a) (b) the Aeronautical Authorities of the first Contracting Party are not satisfied that the said airline is an ''Eligible airline" as set forth in Article 6, subparagraph 6.9 of the Yamoussoukro Decision Failure by the airline to comply with the laws or regulations of the Contracting Party granting these rights; or (c) If the airline otherwise fails to operate the agreed services in accordance with the conditions prescribed under this Agreement and the Annex attached hereto; (d) the designated airline has failed to comply with the provisions set forth in Article 14 and

Ingingo ya 3: Ingingo y’ururimi Article 3: Language provision Article 3: Disposition linguistique Ingingo ya 3: Ingingo y’ururimi Article 3: Language provision Article 3: Disposition linguistique Iri teka rw’Icyongereza. ryateguwe mu rurimi This Order was drafted in English. Le présent arrêté a été rédigé en anglais.

Ingingo ya 4: Gutangira gukurikizwa Article 4: Entry into force Article 4: Entrée en vigueur Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025206 ITEKA RYA PEREZIDA Nº 032/01 RYO KU WA 17/12/2025 RYEMEZA BURUNDU AMASEZERANO HAGATI YA REPUBULIKA YA ZIMBABWE NA REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA YEREKERANYE NO GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU MU KIRERE, YAKOREWE I KUALA LUMPUR, MURI MALEZIYA, KU WA 23 UKWAKIRA 2024 PRESIDENTIAL ORDER Nº 032/01 OF 17/12/2025 RATIFYING THE AIR SERVICES AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF ZIMBABWE AND THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA, DONE AT KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA, ON 23 OCTOBER 2024 17/12/2025 ARRÊTÉ PRÉSIDENTIEL N° 032/01 DU RATIFIANT L’ACCORD SUR LES SERVICES AÉRIENS ENTRE LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU ZIMBABWE ET LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU RWANDA, FAIT À KUALA LUMPUR, EN MALAISIE, LE 23 OCTOBRE 2024 Twebwe, KAGAME Paul, Perezida wa Repubulika; We, KAGAME Paul, President of the Republic; Nous, KAGAME Paul, Président de la République; rya Dushingiye ku Repubulika y’u Rwanda, cyane cyane mu ngingo zaryo, iya 112 n’iya 168; Itegeko Nshinga Pursuant to the Constitution of the Republic of Rwanda, especially in Articles 112 and 168; Vu la Constitution de la République du Rwanda, spécialement en ses articles 112 et 168; Dushingiye ku Itegeko no 041/2025 ryo ku wa 16/12/2015 ryemera kwemeza burundu Amasezerano hagati ya Repubulika ya Zimbabwe na Repubulika y’u Rwanda yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere, yashyiriweho umukono i Kuala Lumpur, muri Maleziya, ku wa 23 Ukwakira 2024; Pursuant to Law no 041/2025 of 16/12/2015 approving the Air the ratification of Services Agreement between the Republic of Zimbabwe and the Republic of Rwanda, signed at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 23 October 2024; Vu la Loi no 041/2025 du 16/12/2025 approuvant la ratification de l’Accord sur les services aériens entre la République du Zimbabwe et la République du Rwanda, signé à Kuala Lumpur, en Malaisie, le 23 octobre 2024; Tumaze kubona Amasezerano hagati ya Repubulika ya Zimbabwe na Repubulika y’u Rwanda yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere, yakorewe i Kuala Considering the Air Services Agreement between the Republic of Zimbabwe and the Republic of Rwanda, done at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 23 October 2024; Considérant les services l’Accord sur aériens entre la République du Zimbabwe et la République du Rwanda, fait à Kuala Lumpur, en Malaisie, le 23 octobre 2024; Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025207 Lumpur, muri Maleziya, ku wa 23 Ukwakira 2024; Bisabwe na Minisitiri w’Ibikorwa Remezo; On proposal Infrastructure; by the Minister of proposition Sur Infrastructures; du Ministre des Inama y’Abaminisitiri imaze kubisuzuma no kubyemeza; After consideration and approval by the Cabinet; Après examen et adoption par le Conseil des Ministres; DUTEGETSE: DO ORDER: ARRÊTONS: Ingingo ya 4: Gutangira gukurikizwa Article 4: Entry into force Article 4: Entrée en vigueur Iri teka ritangira gukurikizwa ku munsi ritangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. This Order comes into force on the date of its publication in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda. Le présent arrêté entre en vigueur le jour de sa publication au Journal Officiel de la République du Rwanda. Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025209 Kigali, 17/12/2025 (sé) KAGAME Paul Perezida wa Repubulika President of the Republic Président de la République (sé) Dr NSENGIYUMVA Justin Minisitiri w’Intebe Prime Minister Premier Ministre Bibonywe kandi bishyizweho Ikirango cya Repubulika: Seen and sealed with the Seal of the Republic: Vu et scellé du Sceau de la République: (sé) Dr UGIRASHEBUJA Emmanuel Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Minister of Justice and Attorney General Ministre de la Justice et Garde des Sceaux Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025210 HAGATI RYA UMUGEREKA W’ITEKA PEREZIDA Nº 032/01 RYO KU WA 17/12/2025 RYEMEZA BURUNDU AMASEZERANO YA REPUBULIKA YA ZIMBABWE NA REPUBULIKA RWANDA YEREKERANYE NO GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU MU KIRERE, YAKOREWE I KUALA LUMPUR, MURI MALEZIYA, KU WA 23 UKWAKIRA 2024 Y’U Y’U HAGATI YA AMASEZERANO REPUBULIKA YA ZIMBABWE NA REPUBULIKA RWANDA YEREKERANYE NO GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU MU KIRERE, YAKOREWE I KUALA LUMPUR, MURI MALEZIYA, KU WA 23 UKWAKIRA 2024 ANNEX TO PRESIDENTIAL ORDER Nº 032/01 OF 17/12/2025 RATIFYING THE AIR SERVICES AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF ZIMBABWE AND THE REPUBLIC OF DONE AT KUALA RWANDA, LUMPUR, MALAYSIA, ON 23 OCTOBER 2024 À L’ARRÊTÉ ANNEXE PRÉSIDENTIEL Nº 032/01 DU 17/12/2025 RATIFIANT L’ACCORD SUR LES SERVICES AÉRIENS ENTRE LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU ZIMBABWE ET LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU RWANDA, FAIT À KUALA LUMPUR, EN MALAISIE, LE 23 OCTOBRE 2024 SERVICES AGREEMENT AIR BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF ZIMBABWE AND THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA, DONE AT KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA, ON 23 OCTOBER 2024 SERVICES SUR LES ACCORD AÉRIENS ENTRE LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU ZIMBABWE ET LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU RWANDA, FAIT À KUALA LUMPUR, EN MALAISIE, LE 23 OCTOBRE 2024 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025211 AIR SERVICES AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF ZIMBABWE AND THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025212 PREAMBLE WHEREAS the Republic of Zimbabwe and the Republic of Rwanda (hereinafter referred to as the Contracting Parties): DESIRING to co-operate and facilitate the expansion of international air services between the two countries and beyond their respective territories; DESIRING to make it possible for their Airlines to co-operate and offer the traveling public a variety of service options; DESIRING to ensure the highest degrees of safety and security in the provision of international air services; and BEING PARTIES to the Convention on International Civil Aviation opened for signature at Chicago on 7th Day of December, 1944; TAKING NOTE of the Yamoussoukro Declaration on a New African Air Transport Policy adopted on 7th October, 1988; CONSIDERING the Resolution adopted by the African Ministers responsible for Civil Aviation in Mauritius on the 91h of August, 1994; TAKING INTO ACCOUNT the Ministerial Decision relating to the implementation of the Yamoussoukro Declaration concerning the Liberalization of Access to Air Transport Markets in Africa of 14th November, 1999 as endorsed by the OAU Heads of State in July, 2000; BEARING in mind the African Union Assembly (AU) Decision Assembly/AU/Decl.1(XXIV) of the 24th Ordinary Session placing the implementation of the Yamoussoukro Decision on the liberalisation of Air Transport Markets in Africa as the foundation for the establishment of a Single African Air Transport Market (SAA TM) in the context of the African Agenda 2063; and DESIRING to conclude an Agreement, supplementary to the above, for the purpose of establishing air services between and beyond their respective territories: HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: 2 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025213

Article 6, subparagraph 6.9 of the Yamoussoukro Decision 3 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025214 (k) "Aircraft equipment", "aircraft stores" and "spare parts" have the meanings respectively assigned to them in Annex 9 of the Convention; (I} "User Charges" means charges made to airlines by the competent authorities or permitted by competent authorities to be made for the provision of airport facilities, property and/or of air navigation facilities, including related services and facilities for aircraft, their crews, passengers, baggage and cargo; (m} "Specified Routes" means routes specified in the Annex of this Agreement; (p} "Tariff" means the prices to be paid for the carriage of passengers, baggage, and cargo and the conditions under which those prices apply, including prices and conditions for agency and other auxiliary services but excluding remuneration and conditions for the carriage of mail; and (q) "Territory" means: i. in the case of the Republic of Rwanda, the land areas and territorial waters adjacent thereto under the sovereignty, suzerainty, or protection or mandate of the Republic of Rwanda., II. in the case of Republic of Zimbabwe, the land areas and territorial waters adjacent thereto under the sovereignty, suzerainty, protection or mandate of the Republic of Zimbabwe; (r) "Yamoussoukro Decision" means the "Decision Relating to the Implementation of the Yamoussoukro Dedaration Concerning the Liberalization of Access to Air Transport Markets in Africa" adopted by the Assembly of Heads of States and_ Government in Lome, Togo, on 12 July 2000. 4 V Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025215

Article 15 of this Agreement. 2. Unless immediate revocation, limitation, suspension or imposition of the conditions mentioned in paragraph (1) of this Article is essential to prevent further infringement of laws or regulations, such right shall be exercised only after consultation with the other Contracting Party. 8 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025219 ARTICLE6 EXEMPTION FROM CUSTOMS DUTIES 1. Aircraft operated, for the agreed services, by the designated airline(s) of either Contracting Party, as well as any aircraft equipment, supplies of fuels and lubricants, and aircraft stores (including food, beverages and tobacco) on board such aircraft are exempt from all customs duties, inspection fees and other similar charges on arriving in the territory of the other Contracting Party, provided that such equipment, supplies and stores remain on board the aircraft up to such time as they are re exported or are used on the part of the journey performed over that territory. 2. Subject to paragraph 3 of this Article, they are also exempt from customs duties, inspection fees and similar charges, with the exception of charges corresponding to the services performed: (a) aircraft stores taken on board in the territory of a Contracting Party; within limits fixed by the aeronautical authorities of that Contracting Party, and for use on board outbound aircraft engaged on an agreed service of the other Contracting Party; (b) spare parts, introduced into the territory of either Contracting Party for the maintenance or repair of aircrafts used, for the agreed services, by the designated airtine(s) of the other Contracting Party; and (c) fuel and lubricants, and consumable technical supplies, to be supplied to an inbound/ transiting I outbound aircraft operated, on agreed services, by the designated airtine(s) of the other Contracting Party, even when such supplies are to be used on the part of the journey performed over the territory of the Contracting Party in which they are taken on board. 3. Materials and supplies referred to in subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c) of paragraph 2 of this Article, may be subject to customs surveillance or control, of the two Contracting Parties. 4. Baggage and cargo in direct transit are exempt from customs duties and other similar taxes provided that these will be under customs surveillance or control. 5. The regular airborne equipment, as well as the materials and supplies retained on board an aircraft of the designated airline(s) of either Contracting Party, may be unloaded in the territory of the other Contracting Party only with the approval of the customs authorities of that other Contracting Party and such customs authorities may require that such equipment, materials and supplies be placed under their surveillance up to such time as they are re-exported or otherwise disposed of in accordance with customs laws and regulations. 9 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025220 ARTICLE 15 COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES 1. In accordance with the laws and regulations of the other Contracting Party, the designated airline(s) of one Contracting Party shall have the right: (a) in relation to entry, residence and employment, to bring in and maintain in the territory of the other Contracting Party managerial and other specialist staff, office equipment and other related equipment and promotional materials required for the operation of international air services; (b) to employ technical, administrative and commercial personnel of its own nationality subject to the laws and regulations in force in the country in which this personnel is to be employed; (c) to use the services of personnel of any other organization, company or airline operating in the territory of the other Contracting Party; (d} to establish offices in the territory of the other Contracting Party for the purposes of provision, promotion and sale of air services; 16 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025227 (e) to sell and market international air services and related products in the territory of that other Contracting Party, directly and, at its discretion, through its agents or other intermediaries, in the local currency or in freely convertible currencies of other countries; (~ to convert and remit to the territory of its incorporation, local revenues in excess of sums locally disbursed. Conversion and remittance shall be permitted promptly without restrictions or taxation in respect thereof at the rate of exchange applicable to current transactions and remittance on the date the carrier makes the initial application for remittance. Such conversion and remittance shall be made in accordance with the foreign exchange regulations of the Contracting Party concerned; and (g) to pay for local expenses, including purchases of fuel, in the territory of the other Contracting Party in local currency. At their discretion, the airlines of each Contracting Party may pay for such expenses in the territory of the other Contracting Party in freely convertible currencies according to local currency regulations. 2. The designated airlines of each Contracting Party have the right to enter cooperative marketing arrangements subject to national laws, regulations and policies, such as blocked space, code sharing or leasing arrangements with an airline or airlines of either Contracting Party or airlines of a third country, provided that the airlines have the appropriate authorization of exploitation. 3.The marketing airline may be required to file any proposed co-operative marketing arrangements with the aeronautical authorities of each Contracting Party before its introduction. 4.When holding out services for sale, the marketing airline will make it clear to the purchaser of tickets for such services, at the point of sale, which airline will be the operating airline on each sector of the services and with which airline or airlines the purchaser is entering into a contractual relationship. 17 V Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025228

ARTICLE 7 PLACE OF TAXATION The profits and income from international traffic operations derived by an airline designated by a Contracting Party, shall be exempt from all taxes imposed by the Government of the other Party. Where a special agreement for the avoidance of double taxation with respect to taxes on income and on capital exists between the Parties, the provisions of the latter shall prevail.

ARTICLE 8 LEASING 1. Either Contracting Party may prevent the use of leased aircraft for services under this Agreement which does not comply with Article 14 and Article 15of this Agreement. 2. Subject to paragraph 1 of this Article, the designated airlines of each Contracting Party may operate services under this Agreement by using leased aircraft which meets the requirements provided by Articles 12 and 13 of this Agreement.

ARTICLE 9 DIRECT TRANSIT Passengers, baggage, and cargo in direct transit through the territory of either Contracting Party and not leaving the area of the airport reserved for such purpose, shall be subject to a simplified control. Passengers, baggage and cargo in direct transit through the territory of either Contracting Party and not leaving the area of the airport reserved for such purpose shall be subject to further examination for reasons of aviation security, narcotics control, prevention of illegal entry or in special circumstances. 10 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025221

ARTICLE 10 TREATMENT OF REGULAR AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT RETAINED ON BOARD The regular airborne equipment as well as the materials and supplies retained on board the aircraft operated by the designated airline of either Contracting Party may be unloaded in the territory of the other Contracting Party only with the approval of the Customs authorities of the Contracting Party. In such cases, they may be placed under the supervision of the said Customs authorities up to such time as they are re-exported or otherwise disposed of in accordance with Customs regulations.

ARTICLE 11 APPLICATION OF NATIONAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS 1. The laws and regulations of one Contracting Party relating to admission to, flight within or departure from its territory of an aircraft of its designated airline(s) engaged in international air navigation, or to the operation or navigation of such aircraft while within its territory, shall apply to the aircraft of designated airline(s) of the other Contracting Party and shall be complied with by such aircraft upon entering or departing from or while within the territory of that Contracting Party. 2. The laws and regulations of one Contracting Party relating to entry into, stay in, or departure from its territory of passengers, baggage, crew, cargo or mail, such as laws and regulations relating to entry, exit, emigration, immigration, passports as well as customs and health or sanitary measures, shall apply to passengers, baggage, crew, cargo and mail carried by the aircraft of the designated airline(s) of the other Contracting Party upon entry into or departure from or while within the territory of the first Contracting Party. 3. In general, in the application of laws and regulations in force, neither Contracting Party shall give preference to its own or any other airlines over a designated airline of the other Contracting Party engaged in similar international air services. 11 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025222

ARTICLE 12 FAIR COMPETITION (1) The designated airlines of each Contracting Party shall be allowed fair and equitable treatment in order that it may enjoy equal opportunity in the operation of the agreed service. Each Contracting Party shall take all appropriate action within its jurisdiction to eliminate all forms of discrimination and unfair competitive or predatory practices adversely affecting the competitive position of the designated airlines of the other Contracting Party in the exercise of its rights and entitlements as set out in this Agreement and in accordance with the Institutional and Regulatory texts of the Yamoussoukro Decision. (2) In operating the agreed services the designated airlines of each Contracting Party shall take into consideration the interests of the designated airlines of the other Contracting Party so as not to unduly affect the services which the latter provide on the whole or part of the same routes. (3) There shall be no limits on the number of frequencies and capacity offered on air service linking any intra-African city per combinations between the Contracting Parties. Each designated airline(s) shall be allowed to mount and operate such capacity and frequency as such airline(s) deems appropriate. (4) Consistent with the rights referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article, the Contracting Parties shall not unilaterally limit the volume of traffic, the type of aircraft to be operated or the number of flights per week, except for environmental, safety, technical or other special consideration: Provided that such actions are not intended as measures for the protection of the commercial or economic interests of a designated airline. (5) Notwithstanding paragraphs{3) and (4) of this Article, the Contracting Parties may impose conditions, limit or refuse the increase of capacity or frequency of a designated airline: Provided such actions: (a) are non-discriminatory and applied under uniform conditions to all airlines and are consistent with Article 15 of the Convention, without discrimination on the ground of nationality or identity of airlines; {b) have a limited period of validity; {c) do not unduly affect the objectives of the Yamoussoukro Decision; (d) do not unduly distort competition between airlines; and 12 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025223 (e) are not more restricted than necessary in order to relieve the problem and are not more restrictive than those applied to any other airlines(s) of a state not party to the Yamoussoukro Decision. (6) When a Contracting Party considers that intervention in terms of sub-Article (4) is necessary, such Contracting Party shall, at least sixty (60) days before the effective date of such action, notify the other Contracting Party thereof, providing adequate justification for the need for such measures so as to allow consultations prior to the date of entry into force of the measure. Such measure may be implemented only if within thirty (30) days of its notification, the other Contracting Party has not indicated the intention to consent to such measures.

ARTICLE 13 AVIATION SAFETY 1. Each Contracting Party may request consultations at any time concerning the safety standards maintained by the other Contracting Party in areas relating to aeronautical facilities, flight crew, aircraft and the operation of aircraft. Such consultations shall take place within thirty (30) days of that request. 2. If, following such consultations, one Contracting Party finds that the other Contracting Party does not effectively maintain and administer safety standards in the areas referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article that are at least equal to the minimum standards established at that time pursuant to the Convention, the first Contracting Party shall notify the other Contracting Party of those findings and of the steps considered necessary to conform with those minimum standards established at that time pursuant to the Convention, and the other Contracting Party shall take appropriate corrective action. Failure by the other Contracting Party to take appropriate action within fifteen (15) days or such longer period as may be agreed, shall be grounds for the application of subparagraph (e) of paragraph 1 of Article 4 (Withholding, Revocation, Suspension, or Limitation of Operating Authorisations) of this Agreement. 3. Pursuant to Article 16 of the Convention, it is agreed that any aircraft operated by or, under a lease arrangement, on behalf of the airline or airlines of one Contracting Party on services to or from the territory of the other Contracting Party may, while within the territory of the other Contracting Party, be made the subject of an examination by the authorised representatives of the other Contracting Party, on board and around the aircraft to check both the validity of the aircraft documents and those of its crew and the apparent condition of the aircraft and its equipment (in this Article called "ramp inspection"), provided this does not lead to unreasonable delay. 4. If any such ramp inspection or series of ramp inspections gives rise to: (a) serious concerns that an aircraft or the operation of an aircraft does not comply with the 13 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025224 minimum standards established at that time pursuant to the Convention; or (b) serious concerns that there is a lack of effective maintenance and administration of safety standards established at that time pursuant to the Convention; the Contracting Party carrying out the ramp inspection shall, for the purposes of Article 33 of the Convention, be free to conclude that the requirements under which the certificate or licences in respect of that aircraft or in respect of the crew of that aircraft had been issued or rendered valid or that the requirements under which that aircraft is operated are not equal to or above the minimum standards established pursuant to the Convention. 5. In the event that access for the purpose of undertaking a ramp inspection of an aircraft operated by the airline or airlines of one Contracting Party in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article is denied by a representative of that airline or airlines, the other Contracting Party shall be free to infer that serious concerns of the type referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article arise and draw the conclusions referred in that paragraph. 6. Each Contracting Party reserves the right to suspend or vary the operating authorisation of an airline or airlines of the other C~ntracting Party immediately in the event the first' Contracting Party concludes, wheth&r as a result of a ramp inspection, a series of ramp inspections, a denial of access for ramp inspection, consultation or otherwise, that immediate action is essential to the safety of an airline operation. 7. Any action by one Contracting Party in accordance with paragraphs 2 or 6 of this Article shall be discontinued once the basis for the taking of that action ceases to exist. 14 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025225

ARTICLE 14 AVIATION SECURITY 1. Consistent with their rights and obligations under international law, the Contracting Parties reaffirm that their obligation to each other to protect the security of civil aviation against acts of unlawfu1 interference forms an integral part of this Agreement. Without limiting the generality of their rights and obligations under international law, the Contracting Parties shall in particular act in conformity with the provisions of the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, signed at Tokyo 14 September 1963, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, signed at The Hague on 16 December 1970, the Convention for the Suppression of Un1awful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation signed at Montreal on 23 September 1971, its supplementary Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, signed at Montreal on 24 February 1988, the Convention on the Marking of Plastic Exp1osives for the Purpose of Detection, signed at Montreal on 1 March 1991 as well as with any other convention and protocol relating to the security of civil aviation which both Contracting Parties adhere to. 2. The Contracting Parties shall provide, upon request, all practicable assistance to each other to prevent acts of unlawful seizure of civil aircraft and other unlawful acts against the safety of such aircraft, their passengers and crew, airports and air navigation facilities, and any other threat to the security of civil aviation. 3. The Contracting Parties shall, in their mutual relations, act in conformity with the aviation security provisions established by the International Civil Aviation Organization and designated as Annexes to the Convention to the extent that such security provisions are applicable to the Contracting Parties. Each Contracting Party shall require that operators of aircraft of their registry, or operators of aircraft who have their principal place of business or permanent residence in its territory, and the operators of airports in its territory, act in conformity with such aviation security provisions. 4. Each Contracting Party agrees that such operators of aircraft shall be required to observe the aviation security provisions referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article required by the other Contracting Party for entry into, departure from, or while within, the territory of that other Contracting Party. Each Contracting Party shall ensure that adequate measures are effectively applied within its territory to protect the aircraft and to inspect passengers, crew, carry-on items, baggage, cargo and aircraft stores prior to and during boarding or loading. Each Contracting Party shall also give sympathetic consideration to any request from the other Contracting Party for reasonable special security measures to meet a particular threat. 15 \r I Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025226 5. When an incident or threat of an incident of unlawful seizure of civil aircraft or other unlawful act against the safety of such aircraft, their passengers and crew, airports or air navigation facilities occurs, the Contracting Parties shall assist each other by facilitating communications and other appropriate measures intended to terminate rapidly and safely such incident or threat thereof. 6. When a Contracting Party has reasonable grounds to believe that the other Contracting Party has departed from the aviation security provisions of this Article, that Contracting Party may request immediate consultations with the other Contracting Party. 7. Without prejudice to Article 4 (Withholding, Revocation, Suspension or Limitation of Operating Authorisations) of this Agreement, failure to reach a satisfactory agreement within fifteen (15) days from the date of such request will constitute grounds to withhold, revoke, suspend, limit or impose conditions on the operating authorisation of the air carriers of both Contracting Parties. 8. When required by an immediate and extraordinary threat, a Contracting Party may take interim action prior to the expiry of fifteen (15) days. 9. Any action taken in accordance with the paragraph 7 above shall be discontinued upon compliance by the other Contracting Party with the provisions of this Article.

ARTICLE 16 APPROVAL OF SCHEDULES 1. The designated airline of each Contracting Party shall submit its envisaged flight schedules for approval to the aeronautical authorities of the other Party at least thirty {30) days prior to the operation of the agreed services. The same procedure shall apply to any modification thereof. 2. For supplementary flights which the designated airline of one Party wishes to operate on the agreed services outside the approved timetable, that airline must request prior permission from the aeronautical authorities of the other Party. Such requests shall usually be submitted at least three (3) working days prior to the operation of such flights.

ARTICLE 17 TARIFF 1. The Contracting Parties shall allow tariffs for air transportation to be established by each designated airline based upon commercial considerations in the market place. Intervention by the Parties shall be limited to: (a). (b). Prevention of discriminatory tariffs or practices; Protection of consumers from tariffs that are unreasonably high or restrictive due to the abuse of a dominant position; and (c). Protection of airlines from tariffs that are artificially low. 2. Each Contracting Party may require notification to, or filing with, its aeronautical authorities of tariffs to be charged to or from its territory by airlines of the other Contracting Party. Notification or filing by the airlines of the other Contracting Party may be required no more than 30 days before the proposed date of effectiveness. Notification for filing may be permitted on shorter notice than normally required. If a Contracting Party permits an airline to file a tariff on short notice, the tariff shall become effective on the proposed date for traffic originating in the territory of that Contracting Party. 3. If a Contracting Party believes that a tariff proposed to be charged by an airline of the other Contracting Party for international air transportation between the territories of the Contracting Parties is inconsistent with considerations set forth in paragraph 1 of this, Article, it shall notify the other Contracting Party of the reasons for its dissatisfaction as soon as possible and request consultations. These consultations shall be held not later than 30 days after receipt of the request, and the Contracting Parties shall co operate in securing information necessary for reasonable resolution of the issue. If the Contracting Parties reach agreement with respect to a tariff for which a notice of dissatisfaction has been given, each 18 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025229 Contracting Party shall use its best efforts to put that Agreement into effect. Without such mutual Agreement, the previously existing tariff shall continue in effect.

ARTICLE 18 USER CHARGES 1. Neither Contracting Party shall impose or permit to be imposed on the designated airline or airlines of the other Contracting Party user charges higher than those imposed on its own airlines operating similar international air services. 2. Each Contracting Party shall encourage consultations on user charges between its competent charging authorities and airlines using the services and facilities provided by those charging authorities, where practicable through those airlines' representative organizations. Reasonable notice of any proposals for changes in user charges should be given to such users to enable them to express their views before changes are made. Each Contracting Party shall further encourage its competent charging authorities and such users to exchange appropriate information concerning user charges.

ARTICLE 19 EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION 1. The Aeronautical Authorities of either Contracting Party shall supply to the aeronautical authorities of the other Contracting Party at the latter's request: such periodic or other statements of statistics as may be reasonably required for the purpose of reviewing the capacity provided on the agreed services by the designated airline of either Contracting Party. 2. Such statement shall include the information required to determine the amount of traffic carried by the designated airline on the agreed services and the origins and destinations of such traffic. 19 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025230

ARTICLE 20 TRANSFER OF EXCESS RECEIPTS 1. Each Contracting Party grants to the designated airline of the other Contracting Party the right to remit, without restriction, funds earned locally, to the country or countries of their choice, promptly, in freely convertible currency and at the official rate of exchange. 2. Each Party shall authorize the airline or airlines of the other Party, to convert and transfer abroad, in the country of their choice, all local revenues derived from the sale of air transport services and related activities directly related to air transport which exceed the sums spent locally, such conversion and transfer being authorized promptly, without restriction, discrimination or related taxes, at the exchange rate applicable on the date of the request for conversion and transfer.

ARTICLE 21 ENVIRONMENT 1. The Parties support the need to protect the environment by promoting the sustainable development of aviation. The Parties agree with regard to operations between their respective territories to comply with the ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) of Annex 16 and the existing ICAO policy and guidance on environmental protection. 2. In addition, they shall encourage global initiatives which are inherent in the preservation and protection of biodiversity, the concern about the environmental impact, ecosystems and sustainable development of commercial aviation. ARTICLE22 CONSULTATIONS 1. In a spirit of close cooperation, the aeronautical authorities of the Contracting Parties shall consult with each other from time to time with a view to ensuring the implementation of, and satisfactory compliance with, the provisions of this Agreement and the Annex attached hereto and shall consult whenever necessary to provide for amendment to this Agreement or the Annex. 2. Either Contracting Party may request consultations, which may be through discussions or by correspondence. Consultations shall begin within a period of thirty (30) days from the date the other Contracting Party receives a written request, unless otherwise agreed by both Contracting Parties. 20 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025231 3. Any amendment of this Agreement, or its Annex, shall be effected by an exchange of diplomatic notes and shall enter into force on such date as is provided for by the latter note.

ARTICLE 23 SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 1. If any dispute arises between the Contracting Parties relating to the interpretation or application of this Agreement, the Contracting Parties shall, in the first place, endeavor to settle it by direct consultation and negotiations. 2. If a settlement cannot be reached by the aforementioned methods, the dispute may, at the request of either Contracting Party, be submitted for decision to a tribunal (hereinafter called the "Arbitration Tribunal") consisting of three arbitrators, one to be appointed by each Contracting Party and the third to be agreed upon by the two so appointed. The third such arbitrator shall not be a national of either Contracting Party and shall act as president of the Arbitration Tribunal. 3. Each of the Contracting Parties shall appoint an arbitrator within a period of sixty (60) days from the date of receipt by either Contracting Party from the other Contracting Party of a notice through the diplomatic channel requesting arbitration of the dispute by the Arbitration Tribunal and the third arbitrator shall be appointed within a further period of sixty (60) days. If either of the Contracting Parties fails to appoint an arbitrator within the specified period or if the third arbitrator is not appointed within the specified period, the President of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization may be requested by either Contracting Party to appoint an arbitrator or arbitrators as the case requires. If the President is of the same nationality as one of the Contracting Parties, the most senior Vice-President who is not disqualified on that ground shall make the appointment. 4. The Arbitration Tribunal shall determine its own procedure. 5. Subject to the final decision of the Arbitration Tribunal, the Contracting Parties shall bear in equal proportion the cost of arbitration. 6. The Contracting Parties shall comply with the decision(s) of the Arbitration Tribunal. 7. If, and so long as, either Contracting Party fails to comply with a decision of the Arbitration Tribunal given under this Article, the other Contracting Party may limit, withhold, suspend or revoke any rights or privileges which it has granted by virtue of this Agreement to the Contracting Party or to its designated airline(s) in default. 21 JrY1 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025232

ARTICLE 24 EFFECT OF MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT If, after the entry into force of this Agreement, the two Parties become bound by a multilateral agreement dealing with matters governed by this Agreement, the provisions of the multilateral agreement shall prevail. Both Parties may consult pursuant to Articles 22 (Consultations) and 25 (Amendments) of this Agreement with a view to establishing the extent to which this Agreement is affected by the provisions of this multilateral agreement and whether to revise this Agreement to reflect that multilateral agreement.

ARTICLE 25 AMENDMENT(S) 1. If either Party deems it desirable to modify any provision of this Agreement, such modification shall be approved in accordance with the provisions of Article 22 of this Agreement. It will enter into force on a date determined by the Parties, after confirmation through the diplomatic channel of the completion of the internal procedures required by each Party. 2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 above, modifications to the Annex to this Agreement may be agreed directly between the aeronautical authorities of the Parties and shall be applied from the day on which they are agreed.

ARTICLE 26 DURATION AND TERMINATION 1. This Agreement shall remain in force for an indefinite period of time, subject to the provisions of paragraph (2) below. 2. Either Contracting Parties may at any time give notice to the other Contracting Party of its decision to terminate the Agreement. Such notice shall be simultaneously communicated to the African Union (AU) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). In such a case, the Agreement shall terminate twelve ( 12) months after the date of receipt of the notice by the other Contracting Party unless the notice to terminate is withdrawn by agreement before the expiry of this period. In the absence of acknowledgement of receipt by the other Contracting Party, notice shall be deemed to have been received fourteen (14) days after the receipt of the notice by African Union (AU) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

ARTICLE 27 22 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025233 REGISTRATION WITH THE INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO) This Agreement and any subsequent amendments hereto shall be registered with the International Civil Aviation Organization by the state where the signature of the Agreement will take place.

ARTICLE 28 ENTRY INTO FORCE 1. This Agreement and its Annex shall enter into force provisionally on the date of its signature and definitively on the date of Exchange of Instruments of Ratification thereof or when there has been an Exchange of Notes between the Contracting Parties through diplomatic channels, confirming that the constitutional requirements in their respective countries have been complied with. 2. This Agreement and its Annex shall be subject to ratification by the Contracting Parties and shall be notified through diplomatic channels. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement in duplicate in the English language. Done at Kuala Lumpur this 23rd Day of October 2024 Eng. Pedzisayi J~mb e Secretary for Transport and Infrastructural Development FOR THE REPUBLIC OF ZIMBABWE Ms. Winnie •Ngamije Deputy Director General Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority FOR THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA 23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025234 ANNEXUREI ROUTE SCHEDULE A. Routes to be operated by the Designated Airlines of the Republic of Rwanda. Point of Departure Intermediate Points Any Points Any Points Point (s) in Zimbabwe Any Points Points Beyond Any Points B. Routes to be operated by the Designated Airlines of the Republic of Zimbabwe. Point of Departure Intermediate Points Point (s) in Rwanda Points Beyond Any points Any Points Any Points Any Points Note 1: Any points or all intermediate points and/or beyond points on the specified routes may, at the discretion of each airline, be omitted on any or all flights. Note 2: The exploitation of the 5th freedom traffic rights is subject to the provisions of Article 2 of this Agreement. Note 3: The right to exercise 5th freedom on intermediate and/ or beyond points outside Africa shall be permitted as we/J. 24 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025235 Bibonywe kugira ngo bishyirwe ku mugereka w’Iteka rya Perezida nº 032/01 ryo ku wa 17/12/2025 ryemeza burundu Amasezerano hagati ya Repubulika ya Zimbabwe na Repubulika y’u Rwanda yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere, yakorewe i Kuala Lumpur, muri Maleziya, ku wa 23 Ukwakira 2024 Seen to be annexed to Presidential Order nº 032/01 of 17/12/2025 ratifying the Air Services Agreement the Republic of Zimbabwe and the Republic of Rwanda, done at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 23 October 2024 between Vu pour être annexé à l’Arrêté Présidentiel nº 032/01 du 17/12/2025 ratifiant l’Accord sur les services aériens entre la République du Zimbabwe et la République du Rwanda, fait à Kuala Lumpur, en Malaisie, le 23 octobre 2024 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025236 Kigali, 17/12/2025 (sé) KAGAME Paul Perezida wa Repubulika President of the Republic Président de la République (sé) Dr NSENGIYUMVA Justin Minisitiri w’Intebe Prime Minister Premier Ministre Bibonywe kandi bishyizweho Ikirango cya Repubulika: Seen and sealed with the Seal of the Republic: Vu et scellé du Sceau de la République: (sé) Dr UGIRASHEBUJA Emmanuel Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Minister of Justice and Attorney General Ministre de la Justice et Garde des Sceaux Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025237