THE BILATERAL AIR SERVICES AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA, DONE AT KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA, ON 21 OCTOBER 2024
This article ratifies the annexed Rwanda–Liberia air services agreement and defines key terms used in it.
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This article ratifies the annexed Rwanda–Liberia air services agreement and defines key terms used in it. The listed ministers are responsible for implementing this Order. The Aeronautical Authority may designate, change, or replace airlines for the Agreed Services, and the other Contracting Party must grant operating authorizations when the stated conditions are met. This Order takes effect on the day it is published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda. Airlines, passengers, baggage, crew and cargo must follow the other Contracting Party’s laws when entering, staying in, or leaving its territory; transit baggage and cargo get a simplified control and are exempt from certain taxes and charges.
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Provisions of THE BILATERAL AIR SERVICES AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA, DONE AT KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA, ON 21 OCTOBER 2024
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Kwemeza burundu
AI-assisted research summary: This article ratifies the annexed Rwanda–Liberia air services agreement and defines key terms used in it.
Ingingo ya mbere: Kwemeza burundu Article One: Ratification Article premier: Ratification Ingingo ya mbere: Kwemeza burundu Article One: Ratification Article premier: Ratification Amasezerano hagati ya Guverinoma ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda na Guverinoma ya Repubulika ya Liberiya yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere, yakorewe i Kuala Lumpur, muri Maleziya, ku wa 21 Ukwakira 2024, ari ku mugereka, atangiye yemejwe gukurikizwa uko yakabaye. burundu kandi The Bilateral Air Services Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Government of the Republic of Liberia, done at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 21 October 2024, in Annex, is ratified and becomes fully effective. le Gouvernement de L’Accord bilatéral sur les services aériens entre le Gouvernement de la République du Rwanda et la République du Libéria, fait à Kuala Lumpur, en Malaisie, le 21 octobre 2024, en annexe, est ratifié et sort son plein et entier effet. ARTICLE 1: DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires, the term: a) "Aeronautical Authority" means in the case of the Government of the Republic of Rwanda, the Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority and in the case of the Government of the of the Republic of Liberia, the Liberia Civil Aviation Authority or in either case any person or body authorized to perform any function to which this Agreement relates; b) "Agreed Services" means scheduled International Air Services between and beyond the respective territories of the Republic of Rwanda and the Republic of Liberia for the transport of passengers, baggage and Cargo, separately or in any combination; c) "Agreement" means this Agreement, its Annex drawn up in application thereof, and any amendment to the Agreement or to the Annex; d) "Air Service", "Airline", "International Air Service" and "stop for non-traffic purposes" have the meanings respectively assigned to them in Article 96 of the Convention; e) "Annex" shall include the route schedule annexed to the Agreement and any clauses or notes appearing in such Annex and any modification made thereto in accordance with the provisions of Article 19 of this Agreement; f) "Cargo" includes mail; g) "Convention" means the Convention on International Civil Aviation, opened for signature at Chicago on the seventh day of December 1944, and ;ncludes, (;) :ny amendment thereto whkh has entered ;nto f~ Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025153 under Article 94(a) of the Convention and has been ratified by both Contracting Parties; and ii) any annex or amendment adopted thereto under Article 90 of that Convention, insofar as such annex or amendment is at any given time effective for both Contracting Parties; h) "Designated Airlines" means an airline or airlines that have been designated and authorized in accordance with Article 3 of this Agreement; i) "Tariffs" means the prices to be charged for the carriage of passengers, baggage and cargo and the conditions under which those prices apply, including the commissions paid to agencies and other auxiliary services, but excluding remuneration and conditions for carriage of mail; j) "Territory" in relation to a State has the meaning assigned to it in Article 2 of the Convention; k)"User Charges" means charges made to airlines by the competent authorities or permitted by them to be made for the provision of airport facilities, property and/or of air navigation facilities, including related services and facilities for aircraft, their crews, passengers, baggage and cargo; 2. The Annex to this Agreement is considered an integral part thereof. 3. In implementing this Agreement, the Contracting Parties shall act in conformity with the provisions of the Convention insofar as those provisions are applicable to International Air Services. 1. Each Contracting Party grant~ to the other Contracting Party the rights specified in this Agreement to - 2 Verify source ↗
Abayobozi bashinzwe
AI-assisted research summary: The listed ministers are responsible for implementing this Order.
Ingingo ya 2: Abayobozi bashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa iri teka Article 2: Authorities responsible for the implementation of this Order Article 2: Autorités l’exécution du présent arrêté chargées de Ingingo ya 2: Abayobozi bashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa iri teka Article 2: Authorities responsible for the implementation of this Order Article 2: Autorités l’exécution du présent arrêté chargées de Minisitiri Minisitiri w’Intebe, Minisitiri w’Ibikorwa Remezo, w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane na Minisitiri w’Imari bashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa iri teka. n’Igenamigambi The Prime Minister, the Minister of Infrastructure, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation and the Minister of Finance and Economic Planning the are implementation of this Order. entrusted with Le Premier Ministre, le Ministre des Infrastructures, le Ministre des Affaires la Coopération de Étrangères Internationale et le Ministre des Finances et de la Planification Économique sont chargés de l’exécution du présent arrêté. et Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025146 ARTICLE 2 : GRANT OF RIGHTS ...... ............... ....... .... .. .......................... ............ ........ ... .... ..... .. ............. ... ..... .... 5 ARTICLE 2: GRANT OF RIGHTS enable its Designated Airlines to establish and operate Agreed Services. 2. The Designated Airlines of each Contracting Party shall enjoy the following rights: a) to fly across the Territory of the other Contracting Party without landing; b) make stops in the Territory of the other Contracting Party for non-traffic purposes, and c) to make stops in the Territory of the other Contracting Party, for the purpose of taking on and/or discharging international traffic in passengers, baggage and Cargo, separately or in any combination, while operating the Agreed Services in the route schedule annexed to this Agreement. 3. Additionally, the Airline(s) of each Contracting Party, other than those designated under Article 3, shall also enjoy the rights specified in paragraph 2(a) and 2(b) of this Article. 4. Nothing in this Article shall be deemed to confer on any Designated Airlines of either Contracting Party the privilege of taking on, in the Territory of the other Contracting Party, passengers, baggage and Cargo carried for remuneration or hire and destined for another point within the Territory of that other Contracting Party. 5. If because of armed conflict, political disturbances or developments or special and unusual circumstances a Designated Airline of one Contracting Party is unable to operate a service on its normal routing, the other Contracting Party shall use its best efforts to facilitate the continued operation of 5 Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025154 such service through appropriate temporary rearrangement of routes as is mutually decided by the Contracting Parties. 6. The Designated Airlines shall have the right to use all airways, airports and other facilities provided by the Contracting Parties on a non-discriminatory basis. - 3 Verify source ↗
Ingingo y’ururimi
AI-assisted research summary: The Aeronautical Authority may designate, change, or replace airlines for the Agreed Services, and the other Contracting Party must grant operating authorizations when the stated conditions are met.
Ingingo ya 3: Ingingo y’ururimi Article 3: Language provision Article 3: Disposition linguistique Ingingo ya 3: Ingingo y’ururimi Article 3: Language provision Article 3: Disposition linguistique Iri teka rw’Icyongereza. ryateguwe mu rurimi This Order was drafted in English. Le présent arrêté a été rédigé en anglais. ARTICLE 3 : DESIGNATION A ND AUTHORIZATION .. .... ......................................... .... .................... ........... .. ...... 6 ARTICLE 3: DESIGNATION AND AUTHORIZATION l. The Aeronautical Authority of each Contracting Party shall have the right to designate one or more airlines for the purpose of operating the Agreed Services and to withdraw or alter the designation of any such airline or to substitute another airline for one previously designated. Such designations and any changes thereto shall be made in writing by the Aeronautical Authority of the Contracting Party having designated the airline to the Aeronautical Authority of the other Contracting Party. 2. On receipt of a notice of designation, substitution or alteration thereto, and on application from the Designated Airline in the form and manner prescribed, the other Contracting Party shall, grant the appropriate operating authorizations with minimum procedural delay, provided: a) effective control of that airline is vested in Contracting Party designating the airline, national of that Contracting Party, or both; b) the designated airline is qualified to meet the conditions prescribed under the laws and regulations normally applied to the operation of international air transportation by the Contracting Party considering the application or applications; and c) the Contracting Party designating the airline is maintaining and administering the standards set forth in Article 6 and Article 7. 3. When an airline has been so designated and authorized, it may begin at any time to operate the Agreed Services in whole or in part, provided that a timetable is established in accordance with Article 10 of this Agreement in respect of such services. - 4 Verify source ↗
Gutangira gukurikizwa
AI-assisted research summary: This Order takes effect on the day it is published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda.
Ingingo ya 4: Gutangira gukurikizwa Article 4: Entry into force Article 4: Entrée en vigueur Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025144 ITEKA RYA PEREZIDA Nº 026/01 RYO KU WA 17/12/2025 RYEMEZA BURUNDU AMASEZERANO HAGATI YA GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA NA GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA YA LIBERIYA YEREKERANYE NO GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU MU KIRERE, YAKOREWE I KUALA LUMPUR, MURI MALEZIYA, KU WA 21 UKWAKIRA 2024 PRESIDENTIAL ORDER Nº 026/01 OF 17/12/2025 RATIFYING THE SERVICES AIR BILATERAL AGREEMENT THE BETWEEN GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC THE OF GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA, DONE AT KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA, ON 21 OCTOBER 2024 RWANDA AND 17/12/2025 ARRÊTÉ PRÉSIDENTIEL N° 026/01 RATIFIANT DU L’ACCORD BILATÉRAL SUR LES SERVICES AÉRIENS ENTRE LE GOUVERNEMENT LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU RWANDA ET LE GOUVERNEMENT LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU LIBÉRIA, FAIT À KUALA LUMPUR, EN MALAISIE, LE 21 OCTOBRE 2024 DE DE Twebwe, KAGAME Paul, Perezida wa Repubulika; We, KAGAME Paul, President of the Republic; Nous, KAGAME Paul, Président de la République; rya Dushingiye ku Repubulika y’u Rwanda, cyane cyane mu ngingo zaryo, iya 112 n’iya 168; Itegeko Nshinga Dushingiye ku Itegeko no 035/2025 ryo ku wa 16/12/2025 ryemera kwemeza burundu Amasezerano hagati ya Guverinoma ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda na Guverinoma ya Repubulika ya Liberiya yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere, yashyiriweho umukono i Kuala Lumpur, muri Maleziya, ku wa 21 Ukwakira 2024; to the Constitution of the Pursuant Republic of Rwanda, especially in Articles 112 and 168; Vu la Constitution de la République du Rwanda, spécialement en ses articles 112 et 168; to Law no 035/2025 of Pursuant 16/12/2025 approving the ratification of the Bilateral Air Services Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Government of the Republic of Liberia, signed at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 21 October 2024; Vu la Loi no 035/2025 du 16/12/2025 approuvant la ratification de l’Accord bilatéral sur les services aériens entre le la République du Gouvernement de Rwanda et la République du Libéria, signé à Kuala Lumpur, en Malaisie, le 21 octobre 2024; le Gouvernement de Tumaze kubona Amasezerano hagati ya Guverinoma ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda na Guverinoma ya Repubulika ya Liberiya yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu Considering the Bilateral Air Services Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Government of the Republic of Liberia, done at Kuala Considérant l’Accord bilatéral sur les services aériens entre le Gouvernement de la République du Rwanda le la République du Gouvernement de et Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025145 mu kirere, yakorewe i Kuala Lumpur, muri Maleziya, ku wa 21 Ukwakira 2024; Lumpur, Malaysia, on 21 October 2024; Libéria, fait à Kuala Lumpur, en Malaisie, le 21 octobre 2024; Bisabwe Remezo; na Minisitiri w’Ibikorwa On proposal by Infrastructure; the Minister of proposition Sur Infrastructures; du Ministre des Inama y’Abaminisitiri imaze kubisuzuma no kubyemeza; After consideration and approval by the Cabinet; Après examen et adoption par le Conseil des Ministres; DUTEGETSE: DO ORDER: ARRÊTONS: Ingingo ya 4: Gutangira gukurikizwa Article 4: Entry into force Article 4: Entrée en vigueur Iri teka ritangira gukurikizwa ku munsi ritangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. This Order comes into force on the date of its publication in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda. Le présent arrêté entre en vigueur le jour de sa publication au Journal Officiel de la République du Rwanda. Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025147 Kigali, 17/12/2025 (sé) KAGAME Paul Perezida wa Repubulika President of the Republic Président de la République (sé) Dr NSENGIYUMVA Justin Minisitiri w’Intebe Prime Minister Premier Ministre Bibonywe kandi bishyizweho Ikirango cya Repubulika: Seen and sealed with the Seal of the Republic: Vu et scellé du Sceau de la République: (sé) Dr UGIRASHEBUJA Emmanuel Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Minister of Justice and Attorney General Ministre de la Justice et Garde des Sceaux Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025148 HAGATI RYA UMUGEREKA W’ITEKA PEREZIDA Nº 026/01 RYO KU WA 17/12/2025 RYEMEZA BURUNDU AMASEZERANO YA GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA NA GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA YA LIBERIYA YEREKERANYE NO GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU MU KIRERE, YAKOREWE I KUALA LUMPUR, MURI MALEZIYA, KU WA 21 UKWAKIRA 2024 HAGATI YA AMASEZERANO GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA NA GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA YA LIBERIYA YEREKERANYE NO GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU MU KIRERE, YAKOREWE I KUALA LUMPUR, MURI MALEZIYA, KU WA 21 UKWAKIRA 2024 BETWEEN ANNEX TO PRESIDENTIAL ORDER Nº 026/01 OF 17/12/2025 RATIFYING THE BILATERAL AIR SERVICES AGREEMENT THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA, DONE AT KUALA 21 LUMPUR, MALAYSIA, ON OCTOBER 2024 RWANDA AND AIR BETWEEN SERVICES BILATERAL AGREEMENT THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA, DONE AT KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA, ON 21 OCTOBER 2024 RWANDA AND À L’ARRÊTÉ ANNEXE PRÉSIDENTIEL Nº 026/01 DU 17/12/2025 RATIFIANT L’ACCORD BILATÉRAL SUR LES SERVICES LE AÉRIENS GOUVERNEMENT LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU RWANDA ET LE GOUVERNEMENT LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU LIBÉRIA, FAIT À KUALA LUMPUR, EN MALAISIE, LE 21 OCTOBRE 2024 ENTRE DE DE ACCORD BILATÉRAL SUR LES SERVICES AÉRIENS ENTRE LE GOUVERNEMENT LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU RWANDA ET LE LA GOUVERNEMENT RÉPUBLIQUE DU LIBÉRIA, FAIT À KUALA LUMPUR, EN MALAISIE, LE 21 OCTOBRE 2024 DE DE Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025149 BILATERAL AIR SERVICES AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA 1 V Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025150 CONTENTS PREAMBLE .. ............... .. .. ............. ... .... .......... .. .. ............ ........ ................ ... .... ...... ... .. ... ...... ....... .... ...... ... ...... .... . 4 A RTICLE 1: DEFINITIONS ................ ... ... ....... ............. .... ...... ............ ...... ............ ...... ........ .. ......... ... ... .. .... ......... 4 ARTICLE 4: REVOCATION OR SUSPENSION OF OPERATING AUTHORIZATION ........ ......................... ............. 6 ARTICLE 4: REVOCATION OR SUSPENSION OF OPERATING AUTHORIZATION 1. The Aeronautical Authority of each Contracting Party shall, with respect to an airline designated by the other Contracting Party, have the right to revoke, suspend or limit the operating authorization where: a) effective control of that airline is not vested in the Contracting Party designating the airline, its nationals or both; b) that airline to has failed to comply with the laws and regulations referred to in Article S (Application of Laws) of this Agreement c) the other Contracting Party is not maintaining and administering the standards as set forth in - 5 Verify source ↗
APPLICATION OF LAWS ....... ..... .............................. ........................... ...................................... ..... 7
AI-assisted research summary: Airlines, passengers, baggage, crew and cargo must follow the other Contracting Party’s laws when entering, staying in, or leaving its territory; transit baggage and cargo get a simplified control and are exempt from certain taxes and charges.
ARTICLE 5: APPLICATION OF LAWS ....... ..... .............................. ........................... ...................................... ..... 7 ARTICLE 5: APPLICATION OF LAWS 1. While entering, within, or leaving the Territory of one Contracting Party, its laws and regulations relating to the operation and navigation of aircraft shall be complied with by the other Contracting Party's airlines . 2. While entering, within, or leaving the Territory of one Contracting Party, its laws and regulations relating to the admission to, or departure from its Territory of passengers, baggage, crew and cargo, on aircraft (including regulations relating to entry, clearance, aviation security, immigration, passports, customs, currency, health, quarantine and sanitary measures or in the case of mail, postal laws and regulation s) shall be complied with by or on behalf of such passengers, baggage, crew and Cargo of the other Contracting Party's airlines. 3. Neither Contracting Party may grant any preference to its own or any other airline(s) over the Designated Airline(s) of the other Contracting Party in the application of the laws and regulations provided for in this Article. 4. Passengers, baggage and Cargo in direct transit across the Territory of either Contracting Party and not leaving areas of the airport reserved for such purpose shall, except in respect of security measures against violence, air piracy, narcotics control be subject to no more than a simplified control. Such baggage and Cargo shall be exempt from customs duties, excise taxes and other similar national and/or local fees and charges. - 6 Verify source ↗
AVIATION SAFETY ............ ... ..... ............... . , ........ ................ ............................................ , ...... ..... ... 7
AI-assisted research summary: The parties may request aviation safety consultations, must hold them within 30 days, and may inspect aircraft under stated conditions.
ARTICLE 6: AVIATION SAFETY ............ ... ..... ............... . , ........ ................ ............................................ , ...... ..... ... 7 Article 6. 6 Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025155 2. Unless immediate action is essential to prevent furthe r noncompliance with subparagraphs lb or l e of this Article, the rights established by this Article shall be exercised only after consultation with the Aeronautical Authority of the other Contracting Party, as provided for in Article 20. 3. This Article does not limit the rights of either Contracting Party to withhold, revoke, limit or impose conditions on the operating authorization of a designated airline or airlines of the other Contracting Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 7. 4. In the event of action by one Contracting Party under this Article, the rights of the other Contracting Party under Article 22 shall not be prejudiced. ARTICLE 6: AVIATION SAFETY 1. Each Contracting Party may request consultations at any time concerning safety standards maintained by the other Contracting Party relating to aeronauticai'facilities, aircrew, aircraft and operation of the Designated Airlines. Such consultations shall take place within 30 days of that request. 2. If, following such consultations, one Contracting Party finds that the other Contracting Party does not effectively maintain and administer safety standards in any such area that are at least equal to 7 Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025156 the minimum standards that may be established pursuant to the Convention, the other Contracting Party shall be notified of those findings and the steps considered necessary to conform with those minimum standards, and the other Contracting Party shall take appropriate corrective action. Failure by the other Contracting Party to take appropriate action within 15 days or such longer period as may be agreed shall be grounds for the application of Article 4 (Revocation or suspension of Operating Authorization) of this Agreement. 3. Notwithstanding the obligations mentioned in Article 33 of the Convention, it is agreed that any aircraft operated by an airline of one Contracting Party on services to or from the Territory of the other Contracting Party, may, while within the Territory of the other Contracting Party, be made the subject of an examination by the authorized representatives of the other Contracting Party provided this does not cause unreasonable delay in the operation of the aircraft. The purpose of this search shall be to verify the validity of the relevant aircraft documentation, the licensing of its crew, and the apparent condition of aircraft and its equipment (in this Article called "ramp inspection"). 4. If any such ramp inspection or series of ramp inspections gives rise to: a) serious concerns that an aircraft or the operation of an aircraft does not comply with them b) serious concerns that there is a lack of effective maintenance and administration of safety standards established at that time pursuant to the Convention; the Contracting Party carrying out the inspection shall, for the purposes of Article 33 of the Convention, be free to conclude that the requirements under which the certificate or licenses in respect of that aircraft or in respect of the crew of that aircraft had been issued or rendered valid or that the requirements under which that aircraft is operated are not equal to or above the minimum standards established pursuant to the Convention. 5. In the event that access for the purpose of undertaking a ramp inspection of an aircraft operated by an airline of one Contracting Party in accordance with paragraph (3) of this Article is denied by a representative of that airline, the other Contracting Party shall be free to infer that serious concerns of the type referred to in paragraph (4) of this Article arise and draw the conclusions referred to in that paragraph. 6. Each Contracting Party reserves the right to suspend or vary the operating authorization of an airline of the other Contracting Party immediately in the event the first Contracting Party concludes, whether as a result of a ramp inspection, a series of ramp inspections, a denial of access for ramp inspection, consultation or otherwise, that immediate action is essential to the safety of an airline operation. 7. Any action by one Contracting Party in accordance with paragraphs (2) or (6) of this Article shall be discontinued once the basis for taking that action ceases to exist. . 8 . Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025157 - 7 Verify source ↗
AVIATION SECURITY .. ...... ...... ....... , ........... ...... .. , ..... .. .......... ...... ............... .... ... ... ....... ....... ......... .... 9
AI-assisted research summary: Contracting Parties must protect civil aviation security, follow listed aviation-security instruments, help each other prevent unlawful interference, and require aircraft and airport operators to comply with applicable security rules.
ARTICLE 7: AVIATION SECURITY .. ...... ...... ....... , ........... ...... .. , ..... .. .......... ...... ............... .... ... ... ....... ....... ......... .... 9 ARTICLE 7: AVIATION SECURITY 1. Consistent with their rights and obligations under international law, the Contracting Parties reaffirm that their obligation to each other to protect the security of civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference forms an integral part of this Agreement. 2. Without limiting the generality of their rights and obligations under international law, the Contracting Parties shall in particular act in conformity with the provisions of the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, signed at Tokyo on 14 September 1963, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, signed at the Hague on 16 December 1970, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, signed at Montreal on 23 September, 1971 and the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation done at Montreal on 23 September 1971, signed at Montreal on 24 February 1988, and any other agreement governing civil aviation security binding upon both Contracting Parties. 3. The Contracting Parties shall provide upon request all necessary assistance to each other to prevent acts of unlawful seizure of civil aircraft and other unlawful acts against the safety of such aircraft, their passengers and crew, airports and air navigation facilities and any other relevant threat to the security of civil aviation. 4. The Contracting Parties shall, in their mutual relations, act in conformity with the aviation security provisions established by the International Civil Aviation Organization and designated as annexes to the Convention to the extent that such security provisions are applicable to the Contracting Parties. 5. In addition, the Contracting Parties shall require that operators of aircraft of their registry or operators of aircraft who have their principal place of business or permanent residence in their Territory and the operators of airports in their Territory act in conformity with such aviation security provisions as are applicable to the Contracting Parties. 6. Each Contracting Party agrees that its operators of aircraft may be required to observe the aviation security provisions referred to in paragraph 4 above applied by the other Contracting Party for entry into, departure from, or while within the Territory of that other Contracting Party. 7. Each Contracting Party shall ensure that measures are effectively applied within its Territory to protect the aircraft and to security screen their passengers, crew and carry-on items and to carry out appropriate security checks on baggage, Cargo and aircraft stores prior to boarding or loading. Each Contracting Party also agrees to give positive consideration to any request from the other Contracting Party for reasonable special security measures to meet a particular threat. 9 Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025158 8. When an incident or threat of an incident of unlawful seizure of civil aircraft or other unlawful acts against the safety of such aircraft, their passengers and crew, airports and air navigation facilities occurs, the Contracting Parties shall assist each other by facilitating communications and other appropriate measures intended to terminate such incident or threat as rapidly as possible commensurate with minimum risk to life from such incident or threat. 9. Each Contracting Party shall take such measures as it may find practicable to ensure that an aircraft of the other Contracting Party subjected to an act of unlawful seizure or other acts of unlawful interference which is on the ground in its Territory is detained thereon unless its departure is necessitated by the overriding duty to protect the lives of its passengers and crew. 10. When a Contracting Party has reasonable grounds to believe that the other Contracting Party has departed from the provisions of this Article, the Aeronautical Authority of the first Contracting Party may request immediate consultations with the Aeronautical Authority of the other Contracting Party. Failure to reach a satisfactory agreement within fifteen (15} days from the date of such request shall constitute grounds for the application of paragraph (1) of Article 4 of this Agreement. When required by an emergency, a Contracting Party may take interim action under paragraph (1) of Article 4 prior to the expiry of fifteen (15) days. Any action taken in accordance with this paragraph shall be discontinued upon compliance by the other Contracting Party with the security provisions of this Article. - 8 Verify source ↗
MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF CERTIFICATES AND LICE NCES ........ ............. ...... ....... .... ... .......... ... .. 10
AI-assisted research summary: Contracting Parties must recognize certain aviation certificates and licences from the other Party if they meet the stated standards; each Party may refuse recognition in some flights above its own territory, and the aeronautical authority may seek consultations if standards differ.
ARTICLE 8: MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF CERTIFICATES AND LICE NCES ........ ............. ...... ....... .... ... .......... ... .. 10 ARTICLE 8: MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF CERTIFICATES AND LICENCES 1. Certificates of airworthiness, certificates of competency and licenses issued, or rendered valid by one Contracting Party and still in force, shall be recogni zed as valid by the other Contracting Party for the purpose of operating the Agreed Services on the Specified Routes, provided that the requirements under which such certificates and licences were issued, or rendered valid, are equal to or higher than the minimum requirements which are, or may be in the future, established under the Convention. 2. Each Contracting Party, however, reserves the right to refuse to recognize, for flights above its own Territory, certificates of competency and licenses granted to its own nationals by the other Contracting Party. 3. If the privileges or conditions of the licenses or certificates issued or rendered valid by one Contracting Party permit a difference from the standards established under the Convention, whether or not such difference has been filed with the International Civil Aviation Organization, the Aeronautical Authority of the other Contracting Party may, without prejudice to the rights of the first Contracting Party under Article 6(2}, request consultations with the Aeronautical Autho,;ty of the othec Cont,acting Pa,ty ;n :cco,dance w;th Acticle 20, w;th a v;ew to satisf2 : ; ) 1 ~~ Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025159 themselves that the practice in question is acceptable to them . Failure to reach satisfactory agreement shall constitute grounds for the application of Article 4(1) of this Agreement. - 9 Verify source ↗
FAIR COMPETITION .. .. ........................... : ............... ....... ... ... .. ..................................................... 11
AI-assisted research summary: Each Contracting Party must let designated airlines compete fairly, avoid discriminatory or anti-competitive practices, and not unilaterally limit airline capacity, frequencies, or aircraft types except for specified uniform technical, operational, customs, or environmental reasons.
ARTICLE 9 : FAIR COMPETITION .. .. ........................... : ............... ....... ... ... .. ..................................................... 11 ARTICLE 9: FAIR COMPETITION 1. Each Contracting Party shall allow a fair and equa l opportunity for each Designated Airlines to compete freely in providing the international air transportation governed by this Agreement. 2. Each Contracting Party shall take all appropriate action within its jurisdiction to eliminate all forms of discrimination and anti-competitive or predatory practices in the exercise of the rights and entitlements set out_ in this Agreement. 3. Each Contracting Party sha ll allow the Designated Airlines to determine the capacity and the number of frequencies to be operated based upon commercial consideration in the marketplace. Consistent with this right, neither Contracting Party shall unilaterally limit the volume of traffic, frequencies or regularity of service or the aircraft type(s) operated by the Designated Airlines of the other Contracting Party, except as may be required for customs, technical, operational or environmental requirements under uniform conditions consistent with Article 15 of the Convention. 4. Neither Contracting Party shall impose on the Designated Airlines of the other Contracting Party, a first refusal requirement, uplift ratio, no objection fee or any other requirement with respect to capacity, frequencies or t.raffic which would be inconsistent with the purposes of this Agreement. - 10 Verify source ↗
APPROVAL OF SCHEDULES ...... .............. .............. ......................... ... ............... .. .......... ..... ........ 11
AI-assisted research summary: Designated Airlines must submit their intended service schedules for approval 45 days before services start, update the same way for changes, and get prior permission for supplementary ad-hoc flights.
ARTICLE 10: APPROVAL OF SCHEDULES ...... .............. .............. ......................... ... ............... .. .......... ..... ........ 11 ARTICLE 10: APPROVAL OF SCHEDULES 1. The Designated Airlir:ies of each Contracting Party sha ll submit for approval to the Aeronautical Authority of the other Contracting Party forty-five (45) days prior to the inauguration of its services, the schedule of intended services, specifying the frequency, the type of aircraft, and period of validity. This requirement shall likewise apply to any modification thereof. 2. If a Designated Airline wishes to operate ad -hoc flights supplementary to those covered in the approved schedules, it shall obtain prior permission of the Aeronautical Authority of the Contracting Party concerned, who shall give positive and favorable considerati on to such request. - 11 Verify source ↗
STATISTICS .............. ....................... ....... ..... , ........ ............................................................. ........ 11
AI-assisted research summary: Aeronautical authorities must provide, or arrange for their designated airlines to provide, requested traffic statistics to the other contracting party’s aeronautical authorities.
ARTICLE 11: STATISTICS .............. ....................... ....... ..... , ........ ............................................................. ........ 11 ARTICLE 11: STATISTICS The Aeronautica l Authorities of either Contracting Party shall provide or cause its Designated Airlines to provide to the Aeronautical Authorities of the other Contracting Party, at their request, statistics relating to the traffic uplifted from and discharged in the Territory of that other Contracting Party as may be reasonably required. 11 V Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025160 • ARTICLE 12: COOPERATIVE MARKETING ARRANGEMENTS 1. In operating or holding out the agreed services on the specified routes, any Designated Airline of one Contracting Party may enter into cooperative marketing arrangements such as code-sharing, blocked-space, free flow or any other joint venture arrangements with : a) an airline(s) of the same Contracting Party, or b) an airline(s) of the other Contracting Party; or c) an airline(s) of a third country, provided that all airlines in such arrangements hold the appropriate authority. 2. In the event of code-sharing arrangement, the marketing airline shall, in respect of any ticket sold it, make it clear to the purchaser at the point of sale which airline or airlines will actually operate each sector of the service and with which airline the purchaser is ente_ring into a contractual relationship. 3. The Contracting Parties agree to take the necessary action to ensure that consumers are fully informed and protected with respect to code-shared flights operating to or from their Territory and that, as a minimum, passengers be provided with the necessary as provided for in paragraph (2) of this Article. 4. Before providing code-sharing services, the code-sharing airlines shall agree as to which airline sha ll be responsible for security, safety, facilitation, liability and other consumer related matters. Such an agreement shall be filed with the Aeronautical Authorities of both Contracting Parties. 5. All code-sharing arrangements shall have prior approval of the appropriate Aeronautical Authorities before implementation . 6. It is the common understanding of both Contracting parties that code-sharing services are not counted against the frequency entitlement of the marketing airline. - 12 Verify source ↗
COOPERATIVE MARKETING ARRANGEMENTS ........................................................................ 12
AI-assisted research summary: Article 12 is titled “Cooperative Marketing Arrangements.”
ARTICLE 12: COOPERATIVE MARKETING ARRANGEMENTS ........................................................................ 12 - 13 Verify source ↗
COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES .... ................ .. ........ ...................................... .................... ............... 12
AI-assisted research summary: Designated airlines may establish offices, bring in personnel, sell air transportation and related products, use their own transport documents, receive payment in specified currencies, and provide or contract out ground handling services, subject to stated conditions.
ARTICLE 13: COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES .... ................ .. ........ ...................................... .................... ............... 12 ARTICLE 13: COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES l. The Designated Airlines of each Contracting Party shall have the right to establish in the Territory of the other Contracting Party offices for the purpose of promotion of air transportation and sale of transport documents as well as for other ancillary products and facilities required for the provision of air transportation. 2. The Designated Airlines of each Contracting Party shall be entitled, in accordance with the laws and regulations of the other Contracting Party relating to entry, residence and employment, to bring in and maintain in the Territory of the other Contracting Party man agerial, operational, sales, technical and specialist personnel of any nation ality and representatives as they may be required in connection wit h the provision of air transportation . V 12 Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025161 3. Such representatives and staff requirements mentioned in paragraph 2 of this Article may, at the option of the Designated Airline, be satisfied by its own personnel of any nationality or by using the services of any other airline, organization or company operating in the Territory of the other Contracting Party and authorized to perform such services in the Territory of such other Contracting Party. 4. The Designated Airlines of each Contracting Party shall, either directly and at their discretion, through agents, have the right to engage in the sale of air transportation and its ancillary products and facilities in the Territory of the other Contracting Party. For this purpose, the Designated Airlines shall have the right to use their own transportation documents. 5. The Designated Airline of each Contracting Party shall have the right to sell, and any person shall be free to purchase, such transportation and its ancillary products and facilities in local currency or in any other freely convertible currency. 6. The Designated Airlines of one Contracting Party shall have the right to pay for local expenses in the Territory of the other Contracting Party in local currency or provided that this is in accordance with local currency regulations, in any freely convertible currencies. 7. Each Designated Airline shall have the right to provide their own ground handling services in the Territory of the other Contracting Party or otherwise to contract these services out, in full or in part, at its option, with any of the suppliers authorised for the provision of such services. Where or as long as the laws and regulations applicable to ground handling in the territory of one Contracting Party do not allow self-handling or limit the freedom to contract these services out, each Designated Airline shall be treated on a non-discriminatory basis as regards their access to ground handling services provided by a supplier or suppliers. - 14 Verify source ↗
TARIFFS ........ .. ....... .. ...... .... ............. ........ .... ..... .... .. .. .......... .. ... ....... .. .......... .... ...... .... ... ..... .. .... .. . 13
AI-assisted research summary: Contracting Parties must let designated airlines set air tariffs based on market considerations, with only limited intervention; they also must not block proposed tariffs unilaterally.
ARTICLE 14: TARIFFS ........ .. ....... .. ...... .... ............. ........ .... ..... .... .. .. .......... .. ... ....... .. .......... .... ...... .... ... ..... .. .... .. . 13 ARTICLE 14: TARIFFS 1. Each Contracting Party shall allow Tariffs for air transportation to be established by each Designated Airline based upon commercial considerations in the marketplace. Intervention by the Contracting Parties shall be limited to:- (a) prevention of Tariffs whose application constitutes anti-competitive behavior which has or is likely to or intended to have the effect of crippling a competitor or excluding a competitor from a route; (bl protection of consumers from tariffs that are unreasonably high or restrictive due to the abuse of a dominant position; and (c) protection of Designated Airlines from tariffs that are artificially low. 2. Tariffs for international air transportation between the Territories of the Contracting Parties shall not be required to be filed. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Designated Airlines of the Contracting Parties shall continue to provide immediate access, on request, to information on historical, existing, and proposed tariffs to the Aeronautical Authorities of the Contracting Parties in a manner and format acceptable to those Aeronautical Authorities. 13 V Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025162 3. Neither Contracting Party shall take unilateral action to prevent the inauguration or continuation of a tariff proposed to be charged or charged by a Designated Airlines of either Contracting Party for international air transportation. If either Contracting Party believes that any such tariff is inconsistence with the considerations set forth in paragraph (1) of this Article, it shall request for consultations and notify the other Contracting Party of the reasons for its dissatisfaction as soon as possible. These consultations shall be held not later than 30 days after receipt of the request, and the Contracting Parties shall cooperate in securing information necessary for reasoned resolution of the issue. If the Contracting Parties reach agreement with respect to a tariff for which a notice of dissatisfaction has been given, each Contracting Party shall use its best efforts to put that agreement into effect. Without such mutual agreement to the contrary, the tariff shall go into effect or continue in effect. - 15 Verify source ↗
CUSTOMS DUTIES AND OTHER CHARG ES ..... .... ..... ......... .............. ... ........... ............. ..... .... ... ... 14
AI-assisted research summary: Each Contracting Party must exempt the other Party’s designated airlines from listed customs duties and charges on aircraft and specified aircraft-related items.
ARTICLE 15: CUSTOMS DUTIES AND OTHER CHARG ES ..... .... ..... ......... .............. ... ........... ............. ..... .... ... ... 14 ARTICLE 15: CUSTOMS DUTIES AND OTHER CHARGES 1. Each Contracting Party shall exempt the Designated Airlines of the other Contracting Party from import restrictions, custom duties, direct or indirect taxes, inspection fees and all other national and/or local duties and charges on aircraft as well as their regular equipment, fuel, lubricants, maintenance equipment, aircraft tools, consumable technical supplies, spare parts including engines, aircraft stores including but not limited to such items as food, beverages, liquor, tobacco and other products for sale to or use by passengers during flight and other items intended for or used solely in connection with the operation or servicing of aircraft used by such Designated Airline, as well as printed ticket stock, airway bills, staff uniforms, computers and ticket printers used by the Designated Airline for reservations and ticketing, any printed material which bears the insignia of the Designated Airline printed thereon and usua.I publicity and promotional materials distributed free of charge by such Designated Airline. 2. The exemptions granted by this Article shall apply to the items referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article which are: a) introduced into the Territory of one Contracting Party by or on behalf of a Designated Airline of the other Contracting Party; b) retain ed on board the aircraft of a Designated Airline of one Contracting Party upon arriving in and until leaving the Territory of the other Contracting Pa rty and/or consumed during flight over that Territory; c) taken on board the aircraft of a Designated Airline of one Contracting Party in the Territory of the other Contracting Party and intended for use in; whether or not such items are used or consumed wholly or partly within the Territory of t he Contracting Party granting the exemption, provided such items are not alienated in the Territory of the said Contracting Party. 14 Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025163 3. The regular airborne equipment, as well as the materials, supplies and stores normally retained on board the aircraft used by the Designated Airline of either Contracting Party may be unloaded in the Territory of the other Contracting Party only with the approval of the customs authorities of that other Contracting Party. In such case, such equipment and items shall enjoy the exemptions provided for by paragraph (1) of this Article provided that they may be required to be placed under the supervision of the said authorities up to such time as they are re-exported or otherwise disposed of in accordance with customs regulations . 4. The exemptions provided for by this Article shall also be available in situations where the Designated Airlines of either Contracting Party have entered into arrangements with another airline(s), for the loan or transfer in the Territory of the other Contracting Party, of the regular equipment and the other items referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article, provided that that other airline enjoys the same exemption(s) from that other Contracting Party. - 16 Verify source ↗
USER CHARGES .. ... ..... ............. ..... .... ...... ...... ......................................... ................................. .. 15
AI-assisted research summary: Contracting Parties must try to keep airport and aviation user charges just, reasonable, and non-discriminatory for the other party’s designated airlines.
ARTICLE 16: USER CHARGES .. ... ..... ............. ..... .... ...... ...... ......................................... ................................. .. 15 ARTICLE 16: USER CHARGES 1. Each Contracting Party shall use its best efforts to ensure that the User Charges imposed or permitted to be imposed by its competent charging bodies on the Designated Airlines of the other Contracting Party for the use of airports and other aviation facilities are just and reasonable. These charges shall be based on sound economic principles and shall not be higher than those paid by other airlines for such services . 2. Neither Contracting Party shall give preference, with respect to User Charges, to its own or to any other airline(s) engaged in similar International Air Services and shall not impose or permit to be imposed, on the Designated Airlines) of the other Contracting Party User Charges higher than those imposed on its own Designated Airline(s) operating similar International Air Services using similar aircraft and associated facilities and services. 3. Each Contracting Party shall encourage consultations between its competent charging bodies and the Designated Airlines using the services and facilities. Reasonable notice shall be given whenever possible to such users of any proposal for changes in User Charges together with relevant supporting information and data, to enable them to express their views before the charges are revised . - 17 Verify source ↗
DOUBLE TAXATION ......................................... ......................................................................... 15
AI-assisted research summary: Income, profits, and aircraft-related capital are taxable only in the Contracting Party where the airline’s place of effective management is situated; a special double-taxation agreement prevails if it exists.
ARTICLE 17: DOUBLE TAXATION ......................................... ......................................................................... 15 ARTICLE 17: DOUBLE TAXATION 1. Income and profits from the operation of the aircraft of a Designated Airline in international traffic shall be taxable only in the Territory of the Contracting Party in which the place of effective management of that airline is situated. 15 V Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025164 2. Capital represented by aircraft operated in international traffic by a Designated Airline and by movable property pertaining to the operation of such aircraft shall be taxable only in the Territory of the Contracting Party in which the place of effective management of the airline is situated . 3. Where a special agreement for the avoidance of double taxation with respect to taxes on income and on capital exists between the Contracting Parties, the provisions of the latter shall prevail. - 18 Verify source ↗
TRANSFER OF FUNDS .............................................................................................................. 16
AI-assisted research summary: Contracting Parties must let designated airlines transfer certain aviation revenues freely, subject to foreign exchange rules and exchange-rate rules.
ARTICLE 18: TRANSFER OF FUNDS .............................................................................................................. 16 2 Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025151 ARTICLE 18: TRANSFER OF FUNDS 1. Each Contracting Party shall grant to the Designated Airlines of the other Contracting Party the right to transfer freely the excess of receipts over expenditure earned by such airlines in its Territory in connection with the sale of air transportation, sale of other ancillary products and services as well as commercial interest earned on such revenues (including interest earned on deposits awaiting transfer). Such transfers shall be effected in any convertible currency, in accordance with the foreign exchange regulations of the Contracting Party in the Territory of which the revenue accrued. Such transfer shall be effected on the basis of official exchange rates or where there is no official exchange rate, such transfers shall be effected on the basis of the prevailing foreign exchange market rates for current payments. 2. If a Contracting Party imposes restrictions on the transfer of excess of receipts over expenditure by the Designated Airlines of the other Contracting Party, the latter shall have a right to impose reciprocal restrictions on the Designated Airlines of the first Contracting Party. 3. In the event that there exists, a special agreement between the Contracting Parties for the transfer of funds between the two Contracting Parties, such agreement shall prevail. - 19 Verify source ↗
LEASING ..... ............. .... ....... ................................ ...................................................................... 16
AI-assisted research summary: Contracting Parties may stop leased aircraft from being used for non-compliant air services, and designated airlines may use leased aircraft or crew if that does not let a lessor airline exercise traffic rights it does not have.
ARTICLE 19: LEASING ..... ............. .... ....... ................................ ...................................................................... 16 ARTICLE 19: LEASING (1) Each Contracting Party may prevent the use of leased aircraft for air services under this Agreement which does not comply with Article 6 (Aviation Safety) and Article 7 (Aviation Security) of this Agreement. (2) Subject to paragraph 1 of this Article, the designated airlines of each Contracting Party may use aircraft (or aircraft and crew) leased from any company, including other airlines, provided that this would not result in a lessor airline exercising traffic rights it does not have. - 20 Verify source ↗
INTERMODAL SERVICES ................ .. ..................................................................... ................ ... 16
AI-assisted research summary: Designated airlines of each Contracting Party may use surface transport for intermodal services, but only subject to the receiving Contracting Party’s national laws and regulations and alongside international passenger and/or cargo air services.
ARTICLE 20: INTERMODAL SERVICES ................ .. ..................................................................... ................ ... 16 ARTICLE 20: INTERMODAL SERVICES (1) The designated airlines of each Contracting Party shall be permitted to use surface modes of transport, subject to the national laws and regulations of the Contracting Party receiving the designated airlines, in conjunction with the international passenger and/or cargo air services 16 Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025165 - 21 Verify source ↗
EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION .................................................................................... ............. 17
AI-assisted research summary: The aeronautical authorities of both contracting parties must exchange information as needed.
ARTICLE 21: EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION .................................................................................... ............. 17 ARTICLE 21: EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION The Aeronautical Authorities of both Contracting Parties shall exchange information as needed in order to achieve close cooperation and agreement in all matters pertaining to the application of this Agreement. - 22 Verify source ↗
CONSULTATION ............... .................................. ..... ...................... ............... .. ........................... 17
AI-assisted research summary: The Aeronautical Authorities of the Contracting Parties must consult each other from time to time, and either Contracting Party may request consultations on the Agreement or its Annex.
ARTICLE 22: CONSULTATION ............... .................................. ..... ...................... ............... .. ........................... 17 ARTICLE 22: CONSULTATION 1. In a spirit of close cooperation, the Aeronautical Authorities of the Contracting Parties shall consult each other from time to time with a view to ensuring the implementation of and satisfactory compliance with, the provisions of this Agreement. 2. Either Contracting Party may at any time request consultations on the implementation, interpretation, application or amendm~nt of this Agreement and/or its Annex. Such consultations, which may be through discussion or correspondence, shall begin within a period of sixty (60) days of the date of receipt of such a request, unless otherwise agreed by both Contracting Parties. - 23 Verify source ↗
AMENDMENT OF AGREEMENT ............................................................................................... 17
AI-assisted research summary: The Contracting Parties must follow a written process to amend the Agreement, and Annex amendments are handled in writing by the Aeronautical Authorities.
ARTICLE 23: AMENDMENT OF AGREEMENT ............................................................................................... 17 ARTICLE 23: AMENDMENT OF AGREEMENT 1. If either Contracting Party considers it desirable to amend any provision of this Agreement, shall notify the other Contracting Party in writing the need for amendment. 2. Any amendment to this Agreement agreed upon by the Contracting Parties, shall enter into force on the date of exchange of diplomatic notes indicating such approval. 3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (3) above, any amendment of the Annex to this Agreement shall be agreed upon in writing between the Aeronautical Authorities and shall take effect on the date to be determined by the said Authorities. 4. This Agreement shall, subject to the necessary changes, be deemed to have been amended by those provisions of any international convention or multilateral agreement which becomes binding on both Contracting Parties . - 24 Verify source ↗
SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES ............. ........................................................ ..... .......................... . 17
AI-assisted research summary: This article sets out a dispute-settlement process: negotiate first, then possibly use mediation, then arbitration if needed, with deadlines for appointing arbitrators, submissions, hearings, decisions, and clarification requests.
ARTICLE 24: SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES ............. ........................................................ ..... .......................... . 17 ARTICLE 24: SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 1. If any dispute arises between the Contracting Parties relating to the interpretation or application of this Agreement the Contracting Parties shall in the first place endeavor to settle it by negotiation. 2. If the Contracting Parties fail to reach a settlement by negotiation, they may agree to refer the dispute for decision to some person or body for mediation . 3. If the Contracting Parties do not agree to mediation, or if a settlement is not reached by negotiation, the dispute shall, at the request of either Contracting Party, be submitted for decision to a tribunal of three (3) arbitrators which shall be constituted in the following manner: a) Within 60 days of receipt of a request for arbitration, each Contracting Party shall appoint one arbitrator. A national of a third State, who shall act as the President of the tribunal, shall be 17 Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025166 nominated as the th ird arbitrator by the two appointed arbitrators within 60 days of the appointment of the second; b) If within the time limits specified above any appointment has not been made, either Contracting Party may request the President of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization to make the necessary appointment within 30 days. If the President is of the same nationality as one of the Contracting Parties, the most senior Vice President who is not disqualified on that same ground shall make the appointment. In such case the arbitrator or arbitrators appointed by the said President or the Vice President as the case may be, shall not be nationals or permanent resid ents of the States parties to this Agreement. 4. Except as hereinafter provided in this Article or otherwise agreed by the Contracting Parties, the tribunal shall determine the place where the proceedings will be held and the limits of its jurisdiction in accordance with this Agreement. The tribunal shall establish its own procedure. A conference to determine the precise issues to be arbitrated shall be held not later than 30 days after the tribunal is fully constituted. 5. Except as otherwise agreed by the Contracting Parties or prescribed by the tribunal, each Contracting Party shall submit a memorandum within 45 days after the tribunal is fully constituted. Replies shall be due 60 days later. The tribunal shall hold a hearing at the request of either Contracting Party, or at its discretion, within 30 days after replies are due. 6. The tribunal shall attempt to give a written decision within 30 days after completion of the hearing or, if no hearing is held, 30 days after both replies are submitted . The decision shall be taken by a majority vote. 7. The Contracting Parties may submit requests for clarification of the decision within 15 days after it receives the decision of the tribunal, and such clarification shall be issued within 15 days of such request. 8. The Contracting Parties shall comply with any stipulation, provisional ruling or final decision of the tribunal. 9. Subject to the final decision of the tribunal, the Contracting Parties shall bea r the costs of its arbitrator and an equal share of the other costs of the tribunal, including any expenses incurred by the President or Vice President of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization in implementing the procedures in paragraph 3(b) of this Article . 10. If, and as long as, either Contracting Party fails to comply with a decision contemplated in paragraph (8) of this Article, the other Contracting Party may limit, suspend or revoke any rights or privileges which it has granted under this Agreement to the Contracting Party in default. V 18 Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025167 - 25 Verify source ↗
REGISTRATION ...................... .................................................................. ................. ....... ...... ... 19
AI-assisted research summary: Contracting Parties must submit this Agreement, and its amendments except amendments to the Annex, to the International Civil Aviation Organization for registration.
ARTICLE 25 : REGISTRATION ...................... .................................................................. ................. ....... ...... ... 19 ARTICLE 25: REGISTRATION This Agreement and any amendments thereto, other than amendments to the Annex, shall be submitted by the Contracting Parties to the International Civil Aviation Organization for registration. - 26 Verify source ↗
TERMINATION .................................. ......................................................................... .. .. ... ....... 19
AI-assisted research summary: Either Contracting Party may terminate the Agreement by written notice through diplomatic channels, and the notice must also be sent to the International Civil Aviation Organization.
ARTICLE 26: TERMINATION .................................. ......................................................................... .. .. ... ....... 19 ARTICLE 26: TERMINATION 1. Either Contracting Party may at any time give notice in writing through diplomatic channels to the other Contracting Party of its decision to terminate this Agreement. Such notice shall be simultaneously communicated to the International Civil Aviation Organization. In such case the Agreement shall terminate twelve (12) months after the date of receipt of notice by the other Contracting Party, unless the notice to terminate is withdrawn by agreement before the expiry of this period. 2. In the absence of acknowledgment of receipt of a notice of termination by the other Contracting Party, notice shall be deemed to have been received by it fourteen (14) days after the receipt of the notice by the International Civil Aviation Organization . - 27 Verify source ↗
ENTRY INTO FORCE .. ........ .................. ............... .... ... ......................... ..... ... ......... ..... ...... .......... 19
AI-assisted research summary: The agreement applies provisionally from signature and enters into force after the last written diplomatic notification confirms both parties have completed their internal procedures.
ARTICLE 27: ENTRY INTO FORCE .. ........ .................. ............... .... ... ......................... ..... ... ......... ..... ...... .......... 19 ANNEX .............. ............ .... ........................................................................................................................... 20 3 V Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025152 The Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Government of the Republic of Liberia (hereinafter referred to as the "Contracting Parties"); PREAMBLE Being parties to the Convention on International Civil Aviation opened for signature at Chicago on the seventh day of December 1944; Desiring to conclude an Agreement in conformity with and supplementary to the said Convention, for the purpose of establishing and operating Air Services between and beyond their respective territories; Acknowledging the importance of air transportation as a means of creating and fostering friendship, understanding and co-operation between the people of the two countries; Desiring to facilitate the expansion of international air transport opportunities; HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: ARTICLE 27: ENTRY INTO FORCE This Agreement shall be provisionally made effective from the date of signature and shall enter into force on the day the last written notification is received by diplomatic note confirming that the Contracting Parties have fulfilled all respective internal procedures required for the entry into force of this Agreement. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement in English Language. Done at Kuala Lumpur on this 21st day of October of the year 2024. .,,,,.-;-- ... Q L.,£c ~ '.~ ........ ...... . .- FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA F9R THE GOVERN MEN OF }HE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA Ms Winnie NGAMIJE Deputy Director General Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority Hon. Julius 0-. Dennis, Jr Director General Liberia Civil Aviation Authority 19 Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025168 ANNEX ROUTE SCHEDULE Section 1: Routes to be operated by the Designated Airline(s) of the Republic of Rwanda FROM INTERMEDIATE TO BEYOND POINTS POINTS Any Points in the Any Points Any Points in the Any Points Republic of Rwanda Section 2: Republic of Liberia Routes to be operated by the Designated Airline(s) of th e Liberia FROM INTERMEDIATE TO BEYOND POINTS POINTS Any Points in the Any Points Any Points in the Any Points Republic of Liberia Republic of Rwanda Operation of the Agreed Services The Designated Airlin e(s) of both Contracting Parties may, on any or all flights and at its option, operate in either or both directions; serve intermediate and beyond points on the routes in any combination and in any order; omit calling at any or all intermediate or beyond points). The Designated Airline(s) of both Contracting Parties are entitled to exercise, in any type of service (passenger, cargo, separately or in combination), full third, fourth and fifth freedom traffic rights to/from any behind, intermediate or beyond points) without any restriction whatsoever. 20 Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025169 Bibonywe kugira ngo bishyirwe ku mugereka w’Iteka rya Perezida nº 026/01 ryo ku wa 17/12/2025 ryemeza burundu Amasezerano hagati ya Guverinoma ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda na Guverinoma ya Repubulika ya Liberiya yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere, yakorewe i Kuala Lumpur, muri Maleziya, ku wa 21 Ukwakira 2024 Seen to be annexed to Presidential Order nº 026/01 of 17/12/2025 ratifying the Bilateral Air Services Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Government of the Republic of Liberia, done at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 21 October 2024 l’Accord bilatéral sur l’Arrêté Vu pour être annexé à Présidentiel nº 026/01 du 17/12/2025 ratifiant les services aériens entre le Gouvernement de la République du Rwanda et le Gouvernement de la République du Libéria, fait à Kuala Lumpur, en Malaisie, le 21 octobre 2024 Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025170 Kigali, 17/12/2025 (sé) KAGAME Paul Perezida wa Repubulika President of the Republic Président de la République (sé) Dr NSENGIYUMVA Justin Minisitiri w’Intebe Prime Minister Premier Ministre Bibonywe kandi bishyizweho Ikirango cya Repubulika: Seen and sealed with the Seal of the Republic: Vu et scellé du Sceau de la République : (sé) Dr UGIRASHEBUJA Emmanuel Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Minister of Justice and Attorney General Ministre de la Justice et Garde des Sceaux Official Gazette n° Special of 19/12/2025171
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THE BILATERAL AIR SERVICES AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA, DONE AT KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA, ON 21 OCTOBER 2024
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