AIR SERVICES AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SULTANATE OF OMAN, DONE AT RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA, ON 04 DECEMBER 2023

Ingingo ya mbere: Kwemeza burundu Article One: Ratification Article premier: Ratification Ingingo ya mbere: Kwemeza burundu Article One: Ratification Article premier: Ratification Amasezerano hagati ya Guverinoma ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda na Guverinoma ya Sulutana ya Oman yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere, yakorewe i Riyadh, muri Arabiya Sawudite, ku wa 04 Ukuboza 2023, ari ku mugereka, yemejwe burundu kandi atangiye gukurikizwa uko yakabaye. The Air Services Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Government of The Sultanate of Oman, done at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on 04 December 2023, in Annex, is ratified and becomes fully effective. L’Accord sur les services aériens entre le la République du Gouvernement de Rwanda et le Gouvernement du Sultanat d’Oman, fait à Riyad, en Arabie Saoudite, le 04 décembre 2023, en annexe, est ratifié et sort son plein et entier effet. Article 1 Definitions For the purpose of this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires, the following definitions shall apply: (a) "Aeronautical Authorities" means, in the case of the Republic of Rwanda, the Jvlinistry of Infrastructure and in the case of the Sultanate of Oman, the Civil Aviation Autho1-ity or in both cases any other person or body autho1-ized to exercise the functions presently assigned to the said autho1-ities. (b) "Agreement" means this Agreement, its Annexes and any amendments thereto. 1/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025127 ( c) "Agreed Services" means the International Air Se1-vices which can be operated, according to provisions of this Agreement on the Specified Routes. (d) "Annex" means the Annex to this Agreement or any amendments thereto, in accordance with the provisions of Article 18 (Consultations and Amendment) of this Agreement. The Annex fo1ms an integral part of this Agreement and all references to the Agreement shall include the Annex except where explicitly agreed otherwise. (e) "Air Service", "International Air Service", "Airline" and "Stop for Non Traffic Purposes" have the meanings specified in Article 96 of the Convention. (f) "Capacity" means: - - in relation to an aircraft, the payload of that aircraft available on tl1e route or section of a route. in relation to a specified Air Service, the Capacity of the aircraft used on such service multiplied by the frequency operated by such aircraft over a given period on a route or section of a route. (g) "Convention" means the Convention on International Civil Aviation opened for signature at Chicago on the seventh day of December, 1944 and includes any annex adopted under Article 90 of that Convention and any amendment of the annexes of the Convention under Articles 90 and 94 thereof, so far as those annexes and amendments have become effective for or been ratified by both Contracting Parties. (h) "Designated Airlines" means any Airline which has been designated and authorized in accordance with Article 3 (Designation and Authorization) of this Agreement. (i) "Ground-handling" means and includes but is not limited to the passenger, cargo and baggage handling, and the provision of catering facilities and services. G) "ICAO" means the International Civil Aviation Organization. 0-::) "International Air Transportation" means air transportation which passes through the air space over the Territory of more than one state. 0) "Marketing Airline" means an Airline that offers air transportation on an aircraft operated by another Airline through code-sharing. 2/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025128 (m) "Route Schedule" means the schedule of the routes to operate Air any Transportation Services to modifications thereto as agreed in accordance with the provisions of

Ingingo ya 2: Abayobozi bashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa iri teka Article 2: Authorities responsible for the implementation of this Order Article 2: Autorités l’exécution du présent arrêté chargées de Ingingo ya 2: Abayobozi bashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa iri teka Article 2: Authorities responsible for the implementation of this Order Article 2: Autorités l’exécution du présent arrêté chargées de Minisitiri w’Intebe, Minisitiri w’Ibikorwa Remezo, w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane na Minisitiri Minisitiri the Minister of The Prime Minister, Infrastructure, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation and le Ministre des Le Premier Ministre, Infrastructures, le Ministre des Affaires la Coopération de Étrangères et Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025123 w’Imari gushyira mu bikorwa iri teka. n’Igenamigambi bashinzwe the Minister of Finance and Economic Planning the are implementation of this Order. entrusted with Internationale et le Ministre des Finances et de la Planification Économique sont chargés de l’exécution du présent arrêté. Article 2 Grant of Rights 1. Each Contracting Party grants to the other Contracting Party the following rights for the conduct of scheduled International Air Services on the routes specified in Annex 1 to this Agreement by the Designated Airlines of the other Contracting Party: (a) to fly without landing across the Territory of the other Contracting Party. (b) to make Stops for Non-Traffic Purposes in the Territo1y of the other Contracting Party. (c) to make stops in the Territo1y at the points specified for that route in Annex 1 to this Agreement for the purpose of embarking and 3/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025129 disembarking separately. the international Traffic m combination or ( d) the rights otherwise specified in this Agreement. 2. Nothing in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be deemed to confer on the Designated Airlines of one Contracting Party the privilege of uplift and discharge, in the Territory of the other Contracting Party, Traffic carried for remuneration or hire when destined for another point in the Territory of that other Contracting Party.

Ingingo ya 3: Ingingo y’ururimi Article 3: Language provision Article 3: Disposition linguistique Ingingo ya 3: Ingingo y’ururimi Article 3: Language provision Article 3: Disposition linguistique Iri teka rw’Icyongereza. ryateguwe mu rurimi This Order was drafted in English. Le présent arrêté a été rédigé en anglais. Article 3 Designation and Authorization 1. Each Contracting Party shall have the right to designate one or more Airlines for the pt11pose of operating the Agreed Services on the Specified Routes. Such designation shall be effected by virtue of a written notification through diplomatic channels. 2. On receipt of such designation, the Aeronautical Authorities of other Contracting Party shall, subject to paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article, grant to the Designated Airline(s) the necessary operating authorization without delay. 3. The Aeronautical Authorities of one Contracting Party may require an Airline designated by the other Contracting Party to satisfy that it is qualified laws and regulations normally and reasonably applied the operations of International Air Services by such Aeronautical Authorities in conformity with the provisions of the Convention. the conditions prescribed under the to fulfill to 4. Each Contracting Party shall have the right to refuse to grant the operating authorizations referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, or to impose such conditions as it may deem necessary on the exercise by a Designated Airline of the rights specified in Article 2 (Grant of Rights) of this Agreement, in any case where the Contracting Party is not satisfied that: (a) substantial ownership and effective control of that Airline are vested in the Contracting Party designating the Airline or in its nationals; or 4/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025130 (a) the Government designating the Airline is maintaining and administering the standards set forth in Article 13 ( Aviation Safety) and Article 14 (Aviation Security) of this Agreement. 5. When an Airline has been so designated and authorized, it may begin at any time to operate the Agreed Services, provided that a Capacity is agreed upon and a Tariff is established in accordance with the provisions of Article 5 (Capacity) and Article 6 (Tariffs) of this Agreement is in force in respect of that service.

Ingingo ya 4: Gutangira gukurikizwa Article 4: Entry into force Article 4: Entrée en vigueur Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025121 ITEKA RYA PEREZIDA Nº 029/01 RYO KU WA 17/12/2025 RYEMEZA BURUNDU AMASEZERANO HAGATI YA GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA NA GUVERINOMA YA SULUTANA OMAN YEREKERANYE NO GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU MU KIRERE, YAKOREWE I RIYADH MURI ARABIYA SAWUDITE, KU WA 04 UKUBOZA 2023 YA PRESIDENTIAL ORDER Nº 029/01 OF 17/12/2025 RATIFYING THE AIR SERVICES AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA AND THE GOVERNMENT THE SULTANATE OF OMAN, DONE AT RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA, ON 04 DECEMBER 2023 OF 17/12/2025 ARRÊTÉ PRÉSIDENTIEL N° 029/01 DU RATIFIANT L’ACCORD SUR LES SERVICES LE AÉRIENS GOUVERNEMENT LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU RWANDA ET LE GOUVERNEMENT DU SULTANAT D’OMAN, FAIT À RIYAD, EN ARABIE SAOUDITE, LE 04 DÉCEMBRE 2023 ENTRE DE Twebwe, KAGAME Paul, Perezida wa Repubulika; We, KAGAME Paul, President of the Republic; Nous, KAGAME Paul, Président de la République; rya Dushingiye ku Repubulika y’u Rwanda, cyane cyane mu ngingo zaryo, iya 112 n’iya 168; Itegeko Nshinga Pursuant to the Constitution of the Republic of Rwanda, especially in Articles 112 and 168; Vu la Constitution de la République du Rwanda, spécialement en ses articles 112 et 168; Dushingiye ku Itegeko no 038/2025 ryo ku wa 16/12/2025 ryemera kwemeza burundu Amasezerano hagati ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda na Guverinoma ya Sulutana ya Oman yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere, yashyiriweho umukono i Riyadh, muri Arabiya Sawudite, ku wa 04 Ukuboza 2023; Pursuant to Law no 038/2025 of 16/12/2025 the Air approving the ratification of Services Agreement the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Government of the Sultanate of Oman, signed at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on 04 December 2023; between Vu la Loi no 038/2025 du 16/12/2025 approuvant la ratification de l’Accord sur les services aériens entre le Gouvernement de le la République du Rwanda et Gouvernement du Sultanat d’Oman, signé à Riyad, en Arabie Saoudite, le 04 décembre 2023; Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025122 Tumaze kubona Amasezerano hagati ya Guverinoma ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda na Guverinoma ya Sulutana ya Oman yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere, yakorewe i Riyadh, muri Arabiya Sawudite, ku wa 04 Ukuboza 2023; Considering the Air Services Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Government of The Sultanate of Oman, done at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on 04 December 2023; l’Accord sur le Gouvernement de les services Considérant aériens entre la République du Rwanda et le Gouvernement du Sultanat d’Oman, fait à Riyad, en Arabie Saoudite, le 04 décembre 2023; Bisabwe na Minisitiri w’Ibikorwa Remezo; proposal On Infrastructure; by the Minister of proposition Sur Infrastructures; du Ministre des Inama y’Abaminisitiri imaze kubisuzuma no kubyemeza; After consideration and approval by the Cabinet; Après examen et adoption par le Conseil des Ministres; DUTEGETSE: DO ORDER: ARRÊTONS: Ingingo ya 4: Gutangira gukurikizwa Article 4: Entry into force Article 4: Entrée en vigueur Iri teka ritangira gukurikizwa ku munsi ritangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. This Order comes into force on the date of its publication in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda. Le présent arrêté entre en vigueur le jour de sa publication au Journal Officiel de la République du Rwanda. Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025124 Kigali, 17/12/2025 (sé) KAGAME Paul Perezida wa Repubulika President of the Republic Président de la République (sé) Dr NSENGIYUMVA Justin Minisitiri w’Intebe Prime Minister Premier Ministre Bibonywe kandi bishyizweho Ikirango cya Repubulika: Seen and sealed with the Seal of the Republic: Vu et scellé du Sceau de la République: (sé) Dr UGIRASHEBUJA Emmanuel Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Minister of Justice and Attorney General Ministre de la Justice et Garde des Sceaux Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025125 HAGATI UMUGEREKA W’ITEKA RYA PEREZIDA Nº 029/01 RYO KU WA 17/12/2025 RYEMEZA BURUNDU YA AMASEZERANO GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA NA GUVERINOMA YA OMAN SULUTANA YEREKERANYE NO GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU MU KIRERE, YAKOREWE I RIYADH MURI ARABIYA SAWUDITE, KU WA 04 UKUBOZA 2023 YA ANNEX TO PRESIDENTIAL ORDER Nº 029/01 OF 17/12/2025 RATIFYING THE AIR SERVICES AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SULTANATE OF OMAN, DONE AT RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA, ON 04 DECEMBER 2023 À L’ARRÊTÉ ANNEXE PRÉSIDENTIEL Nº 029/01 DU 17/12/2025 RATIFIANT L’ACCORD SUR LES SERVICES AÉRIENS ENTRE LE GOUVERNEMENT DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU RWANDA ET LE GOUVERNEMENT DU SULTANAT D’OMAN, FAIT À RIYAD, EN ARABIE SAOUDITE, LE 04 DÉCEMBRE 2023 HAGATI AMASEZERANO YA GUVERINOMA YA REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA NA GUVERINOMA YA OMAN SULUTANA YEREKERANYE NO GUTWARA ABANTU N’IBINTU MU KIRERE, I RIYADH MURI YAKOREWE ARABIYA SAWUDITE, KU WA 04 UKUBOZA 2023 YA SERVICES AIR AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SULTANATE OF OMAN, DONE AT RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA, ON 04 DECEMBER 2023 ENTRE SUR LES SERVICES ACCORD LE AÉRIENS GOUVERNEMENT LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU RWANDA ET LE GOUVERNEMENT DU SULTANAT D’OMAN, FAIT À RIYAD, EN ARABIE SAOUDITE, LE 04 DÉCEMBRE 2023 DE Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025126 AIR SERVICES AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SULTANATE OF OMAN to The Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Government the Sultanate of Oman hereinafter referred to as the "Contracting Parties"); the Convention on International Civil Aviation and Being parties International Air Services Transit Agreement both opened for signature at Chicago on the seventh day of December, 1944; Desiring to facilitate the expansion of International Air Services opportunities; Recognising that efficient and competitive International Air Services enhance economic growth, trade, tourism, investment and the welfare of consumers; Desiring to ensure the highest degree of safety and security in International Air Services and reaffi11:ning their grave concern about acts or threats against the security of aircraft, which jeopardise the safety of persons or property, adversely affect the operation of Air Services, and undermine public confidence in the safety of civil aviation, and Desii-ing to conclude an agreement for the purpose of establishing and operating Air Services between and beyond their respective Territories; Have agreed as follows: ( Article 4 Revocation or Suspension of Operating Authorization 1. Each Contracting Party shall have the right to revoke an operating authorization or to suspend the exercise of the rights specified in Article 2 (Grant of Rights) of this Agreement by an Airline designated by the other Contracting Party, or to impose such conditions as it may deem necessary on the exercise of these rights, in any of the following cases: (a) if it is not satisfied that substantial ownership and effective control of that Airline is vested in the Contracting Party designating the Airline or in the nationals of such Contracting Party. (b) if the Airline fails to comply with the laws or regulations of the Contracting Party granting these rights. ( c) if the Airline fails to operate in accordance with the conditions prescribed under this Agreement. 2. Unless immediate revocation, suspension or imposition of the conditions mentioned in paragraph 1 of this Article is essential to prevent further infringements of laws or regulations, such right shall be exercised only after consultations with the other Contracting Party. In such case consultations shall begin within a period of 60 (sixty) days from the date of request made by either Contracting Party for consultations. 5/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025131

Article 18 of this Agreement. this Agreement and annexed (n) "Specified Routes" means the routes established or to be established in the Annex to this Agreement. ( o) "Spare Parts" means, articles of a repair or replacement nature for incorporation in an aircraft, including engines. (p) "Tariff' means any fare, rate or charge of the prices to be paid for the carriage of passengers, baggage and cargo, excluding mail, in air transportation, including any other mode of transportation in connection therewith, charged by Airlines, including their agents and the conditions governing the availability of such fare, rate or charge. ( q) "Territory" has the meaning specified in Article 2 of the Convention. (r) "Traffic" means passengers, baggage, cargo and mail. (s) "Regular Equipment" means articles, other than stores and Spare Parts of a removable nature, for use on board an aircraft during flight, including first aid and survival equipment. (t) "User Charges" means fees or rates levied for the use of airports, facilities and other related services offered by one navigational Contracting Party to the other. Article 18 Consultations and Amendment 1. In a spirit of close co-operation, the Aeronautical Authorities of the Contracting Parties shall consult each other from time to time with a view to ensuring the implementation, interpretation, application or amendment of this Agreement and the Annexes thereto. 2. Either Contracting Party may request consultations with a view to modify this Agreement or its Annexes, which shall begin at the earliest possible date but not later than 60 (sixty) days from the date the other Contracting Party receives the written 18/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025144 - request, unless both Contracting Parties agree to an extension of this period. Such consultations may be conducted through discussion or by correspondence. Each Contracting Party shall prepare and present during such consultations relevant evidence in support of its position in order to facilitate rational and economic decisions to be taken. 3. If either of the Contracting Parties considers it desirable to amend any provision of this Agreement, such amendment shall be approved by each Contracting Party in accordance with its legal procedures and shall enter into force when the Contracting Parties notify each other the fulfilment of such legal procedures through the diplomatic channel. 4. Amendments to the provision of Annex 1, may be made through direct Agreement between the Aeronautical Authorities of the Contracting Parties. They shall be applied provisionally from the date they have been agreed upon and enter into force when confirmed by an exchange of diplomatic notes.

Article 5 Capacity 1. The Designated Airlines of each Contracting Party shall enjoy fair and equal opportunity for the operation of the Agreed Services between their respective Territories. 2. In the operation by the Designated Airlines of either Contracting Party of the Agreed Services, the interests of the Airlines of the other Contracting Party shall be taken into consideration so as not to affect unduly the services provided on all or part of the same route. 3. The Agreed Services provided by the Designated Airlines of the Contracting Parties shall bear close relationship to the requirements of the public for transportation on the Specified Routes and shall have as their primary objective the provision, at a reasonable load factor, of Capacity adequate to carry the current and reasonably anticipated requirements of passengers and cargo including mail between the Territories of the Contracting Parties which has designated the Airline. 4. In the operation of the Agreed Services, the total Capacity to be provided and the frequency of the services to be operated by the Designated Airlines of each Contracting Party shall be, at the outset, mutually determined by the Aeronautical Authorities of the Contracting Parties before the services are inaugurated. Such Capacity and frequency of services initially determined may be reviewed and revised from time to time by said authorities.

Article 6 Tariffs 1. Each Contracting Party shall allow the Tariffs for International Air Services operated to, from and through its Territory to be established by the Designated Airlines at reasonable levels, due regard being paid to all relevant factors, including cost of operation, reasonable profit and the Tariffs of other Airlines. Intervention by the Contracting Parties shall be limited to: (a) prevention of unreasonably discriminatory Tariffs or practices; (b) protection of consumers from Tariffs that are unreasonably high or restrictive due to the abuse of a dominant position; and 6/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025132 (c) protection of Airlines from Tariffs that are artificially low due to direct or indirect governmental subsidy or support. 2. The Tariffs established under paragraph 1 shall not be required to be filed the the Designated Airlines of one Contracting Party with by Aeronautical Authorities of the other Contracting Party for approval. 3. Neither Contracting Party shall allow its Designated Airlines, in the establishment of Tariffs, either in conjunction with any other Airlines or separately, to abuse market power in a way which has, is likely or intended to have the effect of severely weakening a competitor, being a Designated Airline of the other Contracting Party, or excluding such a competitor from a route. 4. The Contracting Parties agree that the following Airline practices, in relation to the establishment of Tariffs, may be regarded as possible unfair competitive practices which may merit closer examination: (a) charging fares and rates on routes at levels which are, in the aggregate, insufficient to cover the costs of providing the services to which they relate; (b) the practices in question are sustained rather than temporary; ( c) the practices in question have a serious economic effect on, or cause significant damage to, Designated Airlines of the other Contracting Party; and (d) behaviour indicating an abuse of dominant position on the route. 5. In the event that either Aeronautical Authority is dissatisfied with a Tariff proposed or in effect for an Airline of the other Contracting Party, the Aeronautical Authorities will endeavour to settle the matter through consultations, if so requested by either Aeronautical Authority. In any event, tl1e Aeronautical Authority of a Contracting Party shall not take unilateral action to prevent the coming into effect or continuation of a Tariff of an Airline of the other Contracting Party. 6. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Designated Airlines of one the Aeronautical Contracting Party shall provide, on request, Authorities of the other Contracting Party the information relating to the establishment of the Tariffs, in a manner and format as specified by such authorities. to 7/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025133 7. No Contracting Party shall impose on the other Contracting Party's Designated Airlines a first-refusal requirement, uplift ratio, no-objection fee, or any other requirement with respect to Capacity, frequency or Traffic that may be inconsistent with the pu1poses of this Agreement.

Article 7 Taxes, Customs Duties and Other Charges 1. Aircraft operated on International Air Services by the Designated Airline of either Contracting Party, as well as their Regular Equipment, Spare Parts (including engines), supplies of fuels and lubricants (including hydraulic fluids), and aircraft stores (including food, beverages, liquor, tobacco and other products for sale to or use by passengers during flight) carried on board, shall be exempt from all customs duties, inspection fees and other duties or taxes on arrival in the Territory of the other Contracting Party, provided such equipment and supplies remain on board the aircraft until such time as they are re-exported or used on board of the aircraft on the part of the journey to be performed over that Territory. 2. The following items also shall be exempt from the same duties and taxes, in relation with the exception of carriage corresponding to the service performed: (a) aircraft stores taken on board in the Territory of either Contracting Party, within limits fixed by the authorities of the said Contracting Party, and for use on board of the aircraft engaged in an International Air Service of the Contracting Party. (b) Spare Parts (including engines) and regular airborne equipment entered into the Territory of either Contracting Party for the maintenance or repair of aircraft used on international services by the Designated Airlines of the other Contracting Party. 8/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025134 (c) fuel and lubricants (including hydraulic fluids) destined to supply aircraft operated on International Air Services by the Designated Airline of the other Contracting Party, even when these supplies are to be used on the part of the journey to be performed over the Territory of the Contracting Party in which they are taken on board. (d) printed ticket stock, airway bills or any printed material bearing insignia of a Designated Airline of a Contracting Party and usual publicity material distributed without charge by that Designated Airline intended for use in the operation of the International Air Services until such time as they are re-exported. 3. Materials referred to in paragraph 2 above shall be subject to supervision or control of customs authorities. 4. The normal aircraft equipment, as well as Spare Parts (including engines), aircraft stores, supplies of fuels and lubricants (including hydraulic fluids) as well as other materials and supplies retained on board the aircraft operated by the Designated airlines of one Contracting Party may be unloaded in the Territo1y of the other Contracting Party only with the approval of the customs authorities of such Territo1y. In such case, they shall be placed under the supervision or control of the appropriate authorities until they are re-exported or otherwise disposed of in accordance with the customs laws and procedures of that Contracting Party. 5. The fees corresponding to the services performed in relation to the storage and customs clearance will be charged in accordance with the national laws and regulations of the Contracting Parties.

Article 8 Direct Transit Subject to the laws and regulations of each Contracting Party, passengers, baggage, cargo and mail in direct transit through the Territo1y of either Contracting Party and not leaving the area of the airport reserved for such purpose shall only be subject to a very simplified examination except in respect of security measures against violence, air piracy and smuggling of narcotics and 9/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025135 psychotropic substances. Such baggage, cargo and mail shall be exempt from customs, excise tax and similar duties, fees and charges.

Article 9 User Charges 1. The charges which either of the Contracting Parties may impose or permit to be imposed on the Designated Airline of the other Contracting Party for the use of airports, aviation security and other related facilities and services under its control shall not be higher than those that would be paid for the use of such airports, aviation security and other related facilities and services by the national Airlines of the Contracting Party engaged in similar International Air Services at the time arrangements for use are made. 2. The Designated Airlines of one Contracting Party shall be permitted, in accordance with the national laws and regulations of both Contracting Parties, on the basis of reciprocity, to perform its own specified Ground-Handling services in the Territory of the other Contracting Party and, at its option, to have Ground-Handling services provided in whole or in part by any agent authorised, if required by domestic laws and regulations, by the competent authorities of the other Contracting Party to provide such services. 3. The fees and charges imposed in the Territory of one Contracting Party on a Designated Airline of the other Contracting Party for the use of airports, aviation security and other related facilities and services shall be non discriminatory, and equitably apportioned amongst categories of users. For such fees and charges to be non-discriminatory, they should be levied on foreign airlines at a rate no higher than the rate imposed on a Contracting Party's own airlines operating similar International Air Se1-vices. 4. Contracting Parties shall encourage the exchange of such information between the competent charging authorities and the airlines as may be necessary to permit a full assessment of the reasonableness of, justification for, and apportionment of the charges in accordance with this Article. 5. Each Contracting Party shall encourage discussions between its competent charging authorities and the Airlines using the services and facilities, or where practicable, through the Designated Airlines' representative organizations. Increased or new charges should only follow adequate consultations between 10/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025136 the competent charging authorities and the airlines. Reasonable notice of any proposals for changes in User Charges should be given to users to enable them to express their views before the changes are made.

Article 10 Airlines Representatives and Access to Local Services 1. In accordance with the laws and regulations of the other Contracting Party relating to entry, residence and employment the Designated Airlines of one Contracting Party shall be entitled to bring in and to maintain in the Territory of tl1e other Contracting Party their own administrative, commercial, sales, operational, technical and other specialist staff who are required for the operation of the Agreed Services. 2. The staff requirements may, at the option of the Designated Airlines of one Contracting Party, be satisfied by its own personnel or by using the services and personnel of any other organization, company or Airline operating in the Territory of the other Contracting Party and which has been authorized to perform such services for other Airlines. 3. The representatives and staff shall be subject to the laws and regulations in force of the other Contracting Party. Consistent with such laws and regulations each Contracting Party shall, on the basis of reciprocity and with the necessary employment authorizations, visitor visas or other similar documents the representatives and staff referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article. the minimum of delay, grant to

Article 11 Currency Conversion and Remittance of Earnings 1. Each Designated Airline shall have the right to sell and issue its own transportation documents in tl1e Territory of the other Contracting Party through its sales offices and, at its discretion, through its agents. Such Airlines shall have the right to sell such transportation, and any person 11/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025137 - shall be free to purchase such transportation in any convertible currency or in local currency. 2. Each Designated Airline shall have the right to convert and remit to its country, on demand, at the official rate of exchange, the excess of receipts over expenditures achieved in connection with the carriage of Traffic. In the absence of appropriate provisions of a payments the above mentioned Agreement between the Contracting Parties, transfer shall be made in convertible currencies and in accordance with the national laws and foreign exchange regulations applicable. 3. The conversion and remittance of such revenues shall be permitted without restriction at the rate of exchange applicable to current transactions, which is in effect at the time such revenues are presented for conversion and remittance, and shall not be subject to any charges except those normally made by banks for carrying out such conversion and remittance. 4. The Designated Airlines of each Contracting Party shall have the right at their discretion to pay for local expenses, including purchases of fuel, in the Territory of the other Contracting Party in local currency or, provided this accords with local currency regulations, in freely convertible currencies

Article 12 Recognition of Certificates and Licenses 1. Certificates of airworthiness, certificates of competency and licenses, issued or rendered valid by one Contracting Party and still in force shall be recognized as valid by the other Contracting Party for the purpose of operating the Agreed Senri.ces on the Specified Routes provided for in this Agreement, provided that the requirements under which such certificates or licenses were issued or rendered valid are equal to or above the minimum standards which are or may be established pursuant to the Convention. However, each Contracting Party rese1-ves the right to refuse to recognize, for the purpose of flights above its own Territory, certificates of competency and licenses granted to its own nationals or rendered valid for them by the other Contracting Party or any other State. 12/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025138 from the minimum standards established under 2. If the privileges or conditions of the licenses or certificates issued by the Aeronautical Authorities of one Contracting Party to any person or Designated Airline or in respect of an aircraft used in the operation of the Agreed Services, as referred to in paragraph 1 above, should permit a difference the Convention, which such difference has been filed with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the other Contracting Party may request consultations between the Aeronautical Authorities with a view to clarifying the practice in question. Failure to reach satisfacto1y Agreement shall constitute grounds for the application of Article 4 (Revocation or Suspension of Operating Authorization) of this Agreement.

Article 13 Aviation Safety 1. Each Contracting Party may request consultations at any time concerning safety standards maintained by the other Contracting Party in areas relating to aeronautical facilities and services, flight crew or the aircraft and the operation of the aircraft. Such consultations shall take place within 30 (thirty) days of that request. 2. If, following such consultations, one Contracting Party finds that the other Contracting Party does not effectively maintain and administer safety standards in the areas referred in to paragraph 1 of this Article that are at least equal to the minimum standards established at that time pursuant to the Convention, the other Contracting Party shall be informed of such findings and the steps considered necessary to conform with those minimum ICAO standards, and that other Contracting Party shall take appropriate corrective action within an agreed period. Failure by the other Contracting Party to take appropriate action within the agreed period shall justify as 13/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025139 - grounds for the application of Article 4 (Revocation, Suspension or Limitations of Authorization) of this Agreement. 3. Notwithstanding the obligations mentioned in Article 16 of the Convention, it is agreed that any aircraft operated by or on behalf of an airline of one Contracting Party on services to or from the Territory of another Contracting Party may, while within the Territory of the other Contracting Party, be the subject of an inspection by the authorized representatives of the other Contracting Party, on board and around the aircraft, provided this does not lead to unreasonable delay (in this Article referred to as "Ramp Inspection"). However, the obligations mentioned in Article 33 of the Convention, the objective of this inspection is to check both the validity of the aircraft documents and those of its crew and the apparent condition of the aircraft and its equipment, in accordance with the established effective 1101ms on the base of the Convention. 4. If any such Ramp Inspection or series of Ramp Inspections gives rise to: (a) serious concerns that an aircraft or the operation of an aircraft does not comply with the minimum standards established at that time pursuant to the Convention, or (b) serious concerns that there is a lack of effective maintenance and administration of safety standards established at that time pursuant to the Convention, the Contracting Party carrying out the inspection shall, for the purposes of Article 33 of the Convention, be free to conclude that the requirements under which the certificate or licenses in respect of that aircraft or the crew of that aircraft had been issued or rendered valid, or that the requirements under which that aircraft is operated, are not equal to or above the minimum standards established pursuant to the Convention. 5. In the event that access for the purpose of undertaking a Ramp Inspection of an aircraft operated by the Designated Airline of a Contracting Party in accordance with paragraph 3 above is denied by the representative of that Airline, the other Contracting Party shall be free to 14/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025140 infer that serious concerns of the type referred to in paragraph 4 above arise and draw the conclusions referred in that paragraph. 6. Each Contracting Party reserves the right to immediately suspend or vary the operating authorization of the Airline of the other Contracting Party in the case the first Contracting Party concludes, whether as a result of a Ramp Inspection, the denial of an access to a Ramp Inspection or a series of Ramp Inspections, consultation or otherwise, that immediate action is essential to the safety of an Airline operation. 7. Any action by one Contracting Party in accordance with paragraphs 2 or 6 above shall be discontinued once the basis for the taking of that action ceases to exist.

Article 14 Aviation Security 1. Consistent with their rights and obligations under international law, the Contracting Parties reaffirm that their obligation to each other to protect the security of civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference f01ms an integral part of this Agreement. Without limiting the generality of their rights and obligations under international law, the Contracting Parties shall in particular act in conformity with the provisions of the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, signed at Tokyo on 14 September 1963, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, signed at the Hague on 16 December 1970, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Civil Aviation, signed at Montreal on 23 September 1971 and Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, signed at Montreal on 24 February 1988 or the Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection done at Montreal on 1 March 1991 or any other convention on aviation security binding upon both Contracting Parties. 15/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025141 - 2. The Contracting Parties shall provide, upon request, all necessary assistance to each other to prevent acts of unlawful seizure of civil aircraft and other unlawful acts against the safety of such aircraft, their passengers and crew, of airports and air navigation facilities, and to address any other threat to the security of civil aviation. 3. The Contracting Parties, in their mutual relations, shall act in conformity with all aviation security standards and appropriate recommended practices established by ICAO and designated as annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation to the extent that such security provisions are applicable to the Contracting Parties. They shall require that operators of aircraft of their registry or operators of aircraft who have their principal place of business or permanent residence in their Territory and the operators of airports in their Territory act in conformity with such aviation security provisions as are applicable to the Contracting Parties. Accordingly, each Contracting Party shall advise the other Contracting Party of any difference between its national regulations and practices and the aviation security standards of the annexes referred to above. Either Contracting Party may request immediate consultations with the other Contracting Party at any time to discuss any such differences, which shall be held in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 18 (Consultation and Amendment) of this Agreement. 4. Each Contracting Party agrees that such operators of aircraft may be required to observe the aviation security provisions referred to in paragraph 3 above required by the other Contracting Party for entry into, departure from, or while within, the Territory of that other Contracting Party. Each Contracting Party shall secure that adequate measures are effectively applied within its Territory to protect the aircraft and to inspect passengers, crew, carry-on items, baggage, cargo and aircraft stores prior to and during boarding or loading. Each Contracting Party shall also give sympathetic consideration to any request from the other Contracting Party for reasonable special security measures to meet a particular threat. 5. When an incident or threat of an incident of unlawful seizure of civil aircraft or other unlawful acts against the safety of such aircraft, their 16/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025142 passengers and crew, airports or air navigation facilities occurs, the Contracting Parties shall assist each other by facilitating communications and other appropriate measures intended to terminate rapidly and safely such incident or threat thereof, with minimum risk to life. 6. Each Contracting Party shall take such measures, as it may find practicable, to ensure that an aircraft subject to an act of unlawful seizure or other acts of unlawful interference, which has landed in the Territory of the respective Contracting Party is detained on the ground unless its departure is necessitated by the overriding duty to protect human life. Wherever practicable, such measures shall be taken on the basis of mutual consultations.

Article 15 Flight Schedule Submission 1. The Designated Airlines of each Contracting Party shall submit its envisaged flight schedules for approval to the Aeronautical Authorities of the other Contracting Party on each schedule period (summer and winter) at least 30 (thirty) days prior to the operation of the Agreed Services. This shall likewise apply to any modification thereof. In special cases, this time limit may be reduced subject to the consent of the said authorities. 2. If either Designated Airline of one Contracting Party wishes to operate supplementary flights or additional flight besides those covered in the approved flight schedule, it shall first seek prior permission of the Aeronautical Authorities of the other Contracting Party. Such requests shall be submitted in accordance with the national laws and regulations of the Contracting Parties.

Article 16 Exchange of Information and Statistics The Aeronautical Authorities of either Contracting Party shall provide to the Aeronautical Authorities of the other Contracting Party at their request, as long in advance as practicable, any information, including periodic or other statements of statistics as may be reasonably required for the purpose of reviewing the Capacity provided on the Agreed Services by the Designated 17/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025143 - Airlines of the first Contracting Party. Such statements shall include all information required to determine the amount of Traffic carried by that Airline on the Agreed Services and the origins and destinations of such Traffic. Article17 Application of National Laws and Regulations 1. The laws and the regulations of a Contracting Party relating to the enti-y into, sojourn in or departure from its Territory of aircraft engaged in International Air Services, or to the operation and navigation of such aircraft or flights of the aircraft over that Territory shall be complied with by the Designated Airlines of the other Contracting Party. 2. The laws and the regulations of one Contracting Party governing enti-y into, sojourn in or departure from its Territory of passengers, crew, baggage or cargo, including mail, such as formalities relating to entry, exit, clearance, emigration and immigration, aviation security, passports, customs, currency, postal, health and quarantine shall be complied with by or on behalf of such passengers, crew, baggage, cargo or mail carried by the aircraft of the Designated Airlines of the other Contracting Party while they are within the said Territory. 3. Each Contracting Party shall, upon request of the other Contracting Party, provide the copies of the relevant laws, regulations and procedures referred to in this Agreement.

Article 19 Settlement of Disputes 1. If any dispute arises between the Contracting Parties relating to the interpretation or application of this Agreement, the Contracting Parties shall in the first place endeavour to settle it through negotiations between the Aeronautical Authorities of both Contracting Parties. 2. If the said Aeronautical Authorities of the Contracting Parties fail to reach a settlement through negotiation, the dispute shall be settled through the diplomatic channels. 3. If tl1e Contracting Parties fail to reach a settlement pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2 above, either Contracting Party may in accordance with its relevant laws and regulations refer the dispute to an arbitral tribunal of 3 (three) arbitrators, one to be nominated by each Contracting Party and the third to be appointed by the two so nominated. Each of the Contracting Parties shall nominate an arbitrator within a period of 60 (sixty) days from the date of receipt by either Contracting Party from the other of a notice through diplomatic channels requesting 19/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025145 arbitration of the dispute by such a tribunal, and the third arbitrator shall be appointed within a further period of 60 (sixty) days. If either of the Contracting Parties fails to nominate an arbitrator within the period specified, or if the third arbitrator is not appointed within the period specified, the President of the Council of the ICAO may at the request of either Contracting Party appoint an arbitrator or arbitrators as the case requires. In such cases, the third arbitrator shall be a national of a third state and shall act as president of the arbitral tribunal. 4. The Vice President or a senior member of the ICAO Council, not being a national of either of the Contracting Parties, as the case may be, shall replace the President of ICAO in its arbitral duties, as mentioned in paragraph 3 of this Article, in case of absence or incompetence of the latter. 5. The arbitral tribunal shall determine its procedures and the place of arbitration subject to provisions agreed upon between the Contracting Parties. 6. The decisions of the arbitral tribunal shall be final and binding upon the Contracting Parties to the dispute. 7. If either Contracting Party or the Designated Airline of either Contracting Party fails to comply with the decision given under this Article, the other Contracting Party may limit, suspend or revoke any rights or privileges which have been granted by virtue of this Agreement to the Contracting Party in default. 8. Each Contracting Party shall bear the expenses of its own arbitrator. The expenses of the president, including his fees and any expenses incurred by ICAO in connection with the appointment of the president and the arbitrator of the Contracting Party in default as referred to in - this Article shall be shared equally by the Contracting Parties. 9. Pending the submission to arbitration and there after until the arbitral tribunal publishes its award, the Contracting Parties shall, except in the event of termination, continue to perform all their obligations under this Agreement without prejudice to a final adjustment in accordance with the said award. 20/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025146

Article 20 Registration This Agreement, its Annexes and all amendments thereto shall be registered with ICAO.

Article 21 Multilateral Agreements In the event of conclusion of a multilateral convention or agreement concerning air transport to wbich both Contracting Parties adhere, this Agreement sball be modified to conform with the provisions of such convention or agreement.

Article 22 Termination of the Agreement Either Contracting Party may at any time give notice to the other Contracting Party through diplomatic channels of its decision to terminate this Agreement; such notice shall simultaneously be communicated to ICAO. In such case, the Agreement shall terminate 12 (twelve) months after the date of receipt of the notice by the other Contracting Party unless the notice to terminate is withdrawn by mutual Agreement before the expiry of this period. In the absence of acknowledgement of receipt by the other Contracting Party, the notice shall be deemed to have been received 14 (fourteen) working days after the date on which ICAO will have received communication thereof. 21/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025147

Article 23 Entry into Force to each other through diplomatic channels This Agreement shall be approved according to the legal requirements in the State of each Contracting Party and shall enter into force at the date of receipt of the second of the two notifications by which the Contracting Parties communicated officially the fulfilment of their respective internal procedures provided for at this end. In witness thereof, the undersigned plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement. Done this on 4th of December 2023 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during the ICAO International Civil Aviation Negotiation Event (ICAN2023), in Arabic and English languages, all texts being equally authentic. For the Government of the Sultanate of Oman For the Government of the Republic of Rwanda H.E.Eng. Naif Ali Hamed Al Abri President of the Civil Aviation Authority H.E. Eugene Segore Kayihura Ambassador 22/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025148 - ANNEX1 ROUTE SCHEDULE The Designated Airlines by the Government of the Republic of Rwanda shall be entitled to operate Air Services in both directions as follows: From Intermediate Points To Beyond Points Points in Rwanda Any points Any points Any points The Designated Airlines by the Government of the Sultanate of Oman shall be entitled to operate Air Services in both directions as follows: From Intermediate Points To Beyond Points Points in Oman Any points Any points Any points Notes: 1. The intermediate points and beyond points on the above routes, and the fifth freedom Traffic rights which may be exercised at such points by the Designated Airlines, shall be jointly determined between the Aeronautical Authorities of both Contracting Parties. 2. Intermediate and beyond points may be omitted by the Designated Airlines on any or all flights at their discretion provided that such services on this route shall start and terminate in the Territory of the Contracting Party designating the Airline. 3. Co-terminal rights: Designated Airlines of each Party will have the right to operate to points in the Territo1y of the other Party separately or in combination on the same flight number with co-terminal rights, provided no domestic Traffic is carried except for own stopover Traffic where permitted by the Party's laws and regulations. 23/23 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025149 Bibonywe kugira ngo bishyirwe ku mugereka w’Iteka rya Perezida nº 029/01 ryo ku wa 17/12/2025 ryemeza burundu Amasezerano hagati ya Guverinoma ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda na Guverinoma ya Sulutana ya Oman yerekeranye no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu kirere, yakorewe i Riyadh, muri Arabiya Sawudite, ku wa 04 Ukuboza 2023 Seen to be annexed to Presidential Order nº 029/01 of 17/12/2025 ratifying the Air Services Agreement the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Government of The Sultanate of Oman, done at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on 04 December 2023 between Vu pour être annexé à l’Arrêté Présidentiel nº 029/01 du 17/12/2025 ratifiant l’Accord sur les services aériens entre le Gouvernement de la République du Rwanda et le Gouvernement du Sultanat d’Oman, fait à Riyad, en Arabie Saoudite, le 04 décembre 2023 Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025150 Kigali, 17/12/2025 (sé) KAGAME Paul Perezida wa Repubulika President of the Republic Président de la République (sé) Dr NSENGIYUMVA Justin Minisitiri w’Intebe Prime Minister Premier Ministre Bibonywe kandi bishyizweho Ikirango cya Repubulika: Seen and sealed with the Seal of the Republic: Vu et scellé du Sceau de la République: (sé) Dr UGIRASHEBUJA Emmanuel Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Minister of Justice and Attorney General Ministre de la Justice et Garde des Sceaux Official Gazette n° Special Bis of 19/12/2025151