INSTRUCTIONS OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE SUPREME COURT Nº 001/2023 OF 25/01/2023 ON EXPERTS APPOINTED BY COURTS
These instructions describe the requirements for a person courts may appoint as an expert.
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- Jurisdiction
- Rwanda
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- Regulation
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- 001/2023 OF 25/01/2023
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- In force
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About this statute
These instructions describe the requirements for a person courts may appoint as an expert. This article defines “expert” as a professional with specialized knowledge, gained through education, experience, or training, who is appointed by a court to provide a report. A person appointed as an expert in financial services must have the required skills and be on the published list prepared by the authorising body. A person appointed as a real property valuer must have the required skills and be listed by the body that authorises the profession. A person appointed as a tax expert must have special skills in taxation and be on the list prepared and published by the authorising organ.
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Provisions of INSTRUCTIONS OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE SUPREME COURT Nº 001/2023 OF 25/01/2023 ON EXPERTS APPOINTED BY COURTS
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Icyo aya mabwiriza
AI-assisted research summary: These instructions describe the requirements for a person courts may appoint as an expert.
Ingingo ya mbere: Icyo aya mabwiriza agamije Article One: Purpose of these instructions Article premier : Objet des présentes instructions Ingingo ya mbere: Icyo aya mabwiriza agamije Article One: Purpose of these instructions Article premier : Objet des présentes instructions Aya mabwiriza agamije kugaragaza ibigomba kuba byujujwe n’uwakwitabazwa n’inkiko nk’umuhanga hashingiwe ku bumenyi bwihariye cyangwa ubunararibonye afite. These instructions intend to indicate the requirements for a person who may be appointed by courts as an expert based on his or her special knowledge or expertise. Les présentes instructions ont pour but d’indiquer les conditions requises pour une les personne pouvant être désignée par juridictions en tant qu’expert en raison de ses connaissances ou de son expertise particulière. 6 - 2 Verify source ↗
Isobanura
AI-assisted research summary: This article defines “expert” as a professional with specialized knowledge, gained through education, experience, or training, who is appointed by a court to provide a report.
Ingingo ya 2: Isobanura Article 2: Interpretation Article 2 : Interprétation UMUTWE WA BY’ABAHANGA II: IBYICIRO CHAPTER EXPERTS II: CATEGORIES OF CHAPITRE D’EXPERTS II : CATÉGORIES Ingingo ya 2: Isobanura Article 2: Interpretation Article 2 : Interprétation Official Gazette nº Special of 26/01/2023 Muri aya mabwiriza, ijambo “umuhanga” rivuga umunyamwuga ufite ubumenyi runaka yabonye bwihariye ku ngingo biturutse ku kuba yarabyize, ku burambe ku kazi, cyangwa ku mahugurwa yahawe, raporo witabazwa n’urukiko, urukiko rwakwifashisha mu gufata icyemezo. agatanga In these instructions, the term “expert” means a professional who has special knowledge of a certain subject, acquired through formal education, or training, appointed by a court for the purpose of submitting a report that may serve as a basis to the Court in making a decision. professional experience Dans les présentes instructions, le terme « expert » signifie un professionnel qui possède des connaissances particulières sur un sujet donné, acquises par l'éducation formelle, l’expérience professionnelle ou la formation, la désigné par une soumission d’un rapport pouvant lui servir de base pour prendre une décision. juridiction aux fins UMUTWE WA BY’ABAHANGA II: IBYICIRO CHAPTER EXPERTS II: CATEGORIES OF CHAPITRE D’EXPERTS II : CATÉGORIES - 3 Verify source ↗
Abahanga mu mirimo
AI-assisted research summary: A person appointed as an expert in financial services must have the required skills and be on the published list prepared by the authorising body.
Ingingo ya 3: Abahanga mu mirimo ijyanye n’imari Article 3: Experts in financial services Article 3 : Experts en services financiers Ingingo ya 3: Abahanga mu mirimo ijyanye n’imari Article 3: Experts in financial services Article 3 : Experts en services financiers Uwashyizweho nk’umuhanga mu bya banki, mu by’ibaruramari, mu by’ubwishingizi n’indi mirimo ijyanye n’imari agomba kuba – A person appointed as an expert in banking, accounting, insurance and other financial services must – Une personne désignée comme expert en comptabilité, matière d’assurance ou dans d’autres services financiers doit – banque, de de (a) abifitiye ubumenyi; kandi (a) have required skills; and (a) avoir des compétences requises ; et (b) ari ku rutonde rukanatangazwa n’urwego icyemezo cyo gukora uwo murimo. rwateguwe rumuha (b) be on the list prepared and published by the body that authorises him or her to perform the profession. (b) figurer sur la liste établie et publiée par l’organe qui l’autorise à exercer cette profession. - 4 Verify source ↗
Umuhanga mu igenagaciro
AI-assisted research summary: A person appointed as a real property valuer must have the required skills and be listed by the body that authorises the profession.
Ingingo ya 4: Umuhanga mu igenagaciro ry’imitungo itimukanwa Article 4: Real property valuer Article 4 : Évaluateur immobilier Ingingo ya 4: Umuhanga mu igenagaciro ry’imitungo itimukanwa Article 4: Real property valuer Article 4 : Évaluateur immobilier Uwashyizweho nk’umuhanga mu igenagaciro A person appointed as a real property valuer Une personne désignée comme évaluateur 7 Official Gazette nº Special of 26/01/2023 ry’imitungo itimukanwa agomba kuba – must – immobilier doit – (a) abifitiye ubumenyi; kandi (a) have required skills; and (a) avoir des compétences requises ; et (b) ari ku rwateguwe rutonde rukanatangazwa n’urwego rumuha icyemezo cyo gukora uwo murimo. (b) be on the list prepared and published by the body that authorises him or her to perform the profession. (b) figurer sur la liste établie et publiée par l’organe qui l’autorise à exercer cette profession. - 5 Verify source ↗
Abahanga mu birebana
AI-assisted research summary: A person appointed as a tax expert must have special skills in taxation and be on the list prepared and published by the authorising organ.
Ingingo ya 5: Abahanga mu birebana n’imisoro Article 5: Tax experts Article 5 : Experts en fiscalité Ingingo ya 5: Abahanga mu birebana n’imisoro Article 5: Tax experts Article 5 : Experts en fiscalité Uwashyizweho nk’umuhanga mu birebana n’imisoro agomba kuba – A person appointed as a tax expert must – Une personne désignée en tant qu’expert en fiscalité doit – (a) afite ubuhanga bwihariye mu birebana (a) have special skills in taxation matters; (a) avoir des compétences particulières en n’imisoro; kandi and matière fiscale ; et (b) ari ku rutonde rukanatangazwa n’urwego icyemezo cyo gukora uwo murimo. rwateguwe rumuha (b) be on the list prepared and published by the organ that authorises him or her to perform the profession. (b) figurer sur la liste établie et publiée par l’organe qui l’autorise à exercer cette profession. - 6 Verify source ↗
Abahanga mu mikono,
AI-assisted research summary: The court may seek support from the authority in charge of forensic medicine for handwriting, fingerprint, firearms, and DNA matters.
Ingingo ya 6: Abahanga mu mikono, Article 6: Handwriting, fingerprint, Article 6 : Experts en écriture, en 2 Official Gazette nº Special of 26/01/2023 ibikumwe, n’uturemangingo ikoreshwa ry’imbunda, firearms and DNA experts empreintes digitales, en armes à feu et en ADN Ingingo ya 6: Abahanga mu mikono, ry’imbunda, ikoreshwa ibikumwe, n’uturemangingo Article 6: Handwriting, firearms and DNA experts fingerprint, Article 6 : Experts en écriture, en empreintes digitales, en armes à feu et en ADN Ku birebana n’abahanga mu mikono, ry’imbunda ikoreshwa ibikumwe, n’uturemangingo, rwifashisha urwego rufite mu nshingano ibimenyetso n’ubuhanga bishingiye bikoreshwa mu butabera. bumenyi urukiko ku With regard to handwriting, fingerprint, firearms and DNA, the Court seeks support from the authority in charge of forensic medicine. En ce qui concerne les experts en matière d’écriture, d’empreintes digitales, d’armes à feu et d’ADN, la juridiction fait recours à l’organe ayant la médecine légale dans ses attributions. 8 - 7 Verify source ↗
Abaganga
AI-assisted research summary: A court-appointed medical expert must have special knowledge, and a court seeking a medical expert must write to the nearest district hospital for appointment.
Ingingo ya 7: Abaganga Article 7: Medical doctors Article 7 : Médecins Ingingo ya 7: Abaganga Article 7: Medical doctors Article 7 : Médecins Official Gazette nº Special of 26/01/2023 (1) Umuganga witabazwa afite agomba bwihariye ku kibazo rusuzuma. kuba n’urukiko ubumenyi (1) A medical expert appointed by a Court must have special knowledge of the issue the Court is considering. (2) Urukiko rushaka umuganga kugira ngo rumwitabaze rwandikira Ibitaro by’Akarere biri hafi akaba ari byo bimugena. Iyo Ibitaro by’Akarere bidafite uwo muganga, urukiko rwitabaza ibindi bitaro bimukoresha. (2) A Court that seeks assistance of a medical expert writes to the nearest District Hospital and latter appoints the doctor. When the District Hospital does not have the required doctor, the Court resorts to another hospital employing him or her. the (1) Un expert médical désigné par une juridiction doit avoir une connaissance la question qu’elle spéciale de examine. (2) La juridiction requérant un expert médical pour son apport, adresse sa demande écrite à l’Hôpital de District fins de sa le plus proche aux l’Hôpital de désignation. Lorsque District ne dispose pas du médecin requis, la juridiction fait recours à un autre hôpital qui l’emploie. - 8 Verify source ↗
Abahanga mu birebana
AI-assisted research summary: For subjects not mentioned in these instructions, the court appoints an expert based on the expert’s knowledge and expertise.
Ingingo ya 8: Abahanga mu birebana n’ibindi byiciro bitavuzwe muri aya mabwiriza Article 8: Experts in other subjects not mentioned in these instructions Article 8 : Experts en d'autres matières non mentionnées dans les présentes instructions Ingingo ya rw’abahanga 9: Kohereza urutonde Ingingo ya 8: Abahanga mu birebana n’ibindi byiciro bitavuzwe muri aya mabwiriza Ku bireba ibindi byiciro bitavuzwe muri aya rugena umuhanga mabwiriza, urukiko n’ubunararibonye rukurikije umuhanga afite bushingiye ku kiburanwa. ubumenyi Article 8: Experts in other subjects not mentioned in these instructions Article 8 : Experts en d'autres matières non mentionnées dans les présentes instructions For other subjects not mentioned in these instructions, the Court appoints an expert basing on his or her knowledge and expertise in accordance with the nature of the subject matter. Pour les autres matières non mentionnées dans instructions, les présentes juridiction ses expert désigne un connaissances et de son expertise en fonction de la nature de l’objet du litige. la sur base de ya Ingingo rw’abahanga 9: Kohereza urutonde - 9 Verify source ↗
Submission of lists of experts
AI-assisted research summary: Authorities that approve experts in certain financial, real property valuation, and tax services must send the relevant expert lists to the Supreme Court for publication on its website.
Article 9: Submission of lists of experts Article 9 : Soumission des listes des experts UMUTWE WA AGENGA ABAHANGA III: AMAHAME CHAPTER GOVERNING EXPERTS III: PRINCIPLES CHAPITRE RÉGISSANT LES EXPERTS III : PRINCIPES Article 9: Submission of lists of experts Article 9 : Soumission des listes des experts Inzego zishinzwe guha abahanga icyemezo cyo gukora imirimo mu bijyanye n’imari, itimukanwa ry’imitungo igenagaciro The organs that authorise experts to perform their respective duties in financial, real property valuation and tax services submit to Les organes qui autorisent les experts à exercer leurs fonctions respectives dans les services financiers, d’évaluateurs immobiliers et ceux 9 Official Gazette nº Special of 26/01/2023 n’imisoro zishyikiriza Urukiko rw’Ikirenga urutonde rw’abahanga muri iyo mirimo kugira ngo rutangazwe ku rubuga rw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. the Supreme Court respective lists of the experts to be published on the website of the Supreme Court. des impôts soumettent à la Cour suprême les listes respectives de ces experts à publier sur le site Internet de la Cour Suprême. UMUTWE WA AGENGA ABAHANGA III: AMAHAME CHAPTER GOVERNING EXPERTS III: PRINCIPLES CHAPITRE RÉGISSANT LES EXPERTS III : PRINCIPES - 10 Verify source ↗
Ubunyamwuga
AI-assisted research summary: An expert appointed by the Court must carry out assigned duties professionally, follow the principles of the profession, and show exemplary conduct.
Ingingo ya 10: Ubunyamwuga Article 10: Professionalism Article 10 : Professionnalisme Ingingo ya 10: Ubunyamwuga Article 10: Professionalism Article 10 : Professionnalisme Uwashyizweho nk’umuhanga – The person appointed as an expert – La personne désignée en tant qu’expert – (a) yiyemeza gukorana ubunyamwuga inshingano n’urukiko, yahawe ashingiye ku bumenyi, ubuhanga, inyandiko ndetse no ku yandi makuru ya n’urukiko cyangwa ababuranyi byamufasha mu kurangiza inshingano ze; ngombwa ahawe (a) undertakes to professionally carry out the duties assigned to him or her by the Court, basing on his or her knowledge, and other expertise, documents relevant information provided by the Court or the parties that may help in performing his or her duties; (a) s’engage remplir à professionnellement les fonctions lui confiées par la juridiction, en se basant sur ses connaissances, son expertise, les documents et d’autres informations nécessaires qui lui sont communiquées par la juridiction ou les parties, pouvant l’aider à remplir ses fonctions ; (b) yubahiriza amahame yose agenga (b) adheres to all principles governing his (b) adhère aux principes régissant sa umwuga we; kandi or her profession; and profession ; et (c) agomba kuba y’intangarugero. afite imyifatire (c) must have an exemplary attitude. (c) doit avoir une attitude exemplaire. - 11 Verify source ↗
Kugira ubwigenge mu kazi
AI-assisted research summary: An appointed expert must carry out their duties independently.
Ingingo ya 11: Kugira ubwigenge mu kazi Article 11: Independence Article 11 : Indépendance Ingingo ya 11: Kugira ubwigenge mu kazi Article 11: Independence Article 11 : Indépendance akora Uwashyizweho inshingano ze mu bwigenge. Ntakorera ku cyangwa gitutu, icy’ababuranyi nk’umuhanga cyaba A person appointed as an expert performs his or her duties independently. He or she does not act under pressure from parties or anyone 10 Une personne désignée comme expert exerce ses toute influence. Elle n’agit pas sous la pression des indépendamment de fonctions Official Gazette nº Special of 26/01/2023 icy’undi wese ufite inyungu mu rubanza. else having interest in the case. parties ou de toute autre personne ayant un intérêt dans l’affaire. - 12 Verify source ↗
Gukorera mu mucyo
AI-assisted research summary: An appointed expert must tell the court and the parties the conclusion reached, the sources used, and the methodology used.
Ingingo ya 12: Gukorera mu mucyo Article 12: Transparency Article 12 : Transparence Ingingo ya 12: Gukorera mu mucyo Article 12: Transparency Article 12 : Transparence Uwashyizweho nk’umuhanga agaragariza urukiko n’ababuranyi umwanzuro yagezeho, ibyo yashingiyeho n’uburyo yakoresheje kugira ngo agere kuri uwo mwanzuro. A person appointed as an expert presents to the Court and the parties the conclusion he or she reached, sources and the methodology he or she used to reach that conclusion. Une personne désignée comme expert présente à la juridiction et aux parties la conclusion à laquelle elle est parvenue, les sources et la méthodologie utilisée pour parvenir à cette conclusion. - 13 Verify source ↗
Kugira ibanga
AI-assisted research summary: An appointed expert must keep information confidential, including after the case is closed.
Ingingo ya 13: Kugira ibanga Article 13: Confidentiality Article 13 : Confidentialité UMUTWE WA IV: ISHYIRWAHO CHAPTER IV: APPOINTMENT CHAPITRE IV : DÉSIGNATION Ingingo ya 13: Kugira ibanga Article 13: Confidentiality Article 13 : Confidentialité Uwashyizweho nk’umuhanga agira ibanga ry’amakuru yamenye bitewe n’inshingano rwaba yahawe, kabone n’iyo urubanza rwararangiye. A person appointed as an expert maintains the confidentiality of the information obtained due to the duties assigned to him or her even after the case is closed. Une personne désignée comme expert préserve la confidentialité des informations obtenues en raison des fonctions qui lui sont confiées, même après la clôture de l’affaire. UMUTWE WA IV: ISHYIRWAHO CHAPTER IV: APPOINTMENT CHAPITRE IV : DÉSIGNATION - 14 Verify source ↗
Eligibility criteria for the
AI-assisted research summary: An expert appointed by the courts must have at least five years of relevant professional experience, unless the court can use an expert with less experience because no one with the same experience is available and the expert has useful special knowledge.
Ingingo ya 14: ishyirwaho ry’umuhanga Ibishingirwaho mu Article 14: Eligibility criteria for the appointment of an expert Article 14 : Critères d’éligibilité pour la désignation d’un expert Ingingo ya 14: ishyirwaho ry’umuhanga Ibishingirwaho mu Article 14: Eligibility criteria for the appointment of an expert Article 14 : Critères d’éligibilité pour la désignation d’un expert (1) Ushyirwaho nk’umuhanga mu nkiko agomba kuba afite nibura imyaka itanu y’uburambe mu mirimo ijyanye n’ibibazo asabwa gutangaho umucyo mu rukiko. (1) A person to be appointed as an expert in the Courts must have at least five years’ of experience in the profession related to problems he or she is required to clarify before the Court. (1) La personne à désigner comme expert auprès des juridictions doit avoir au moins cinq ans d’expérience dans la profession liée aux problèmes qu’elle est tenue d’éclaircir devant la juridiction. (2) Icyakora, urukiko rushobora kwitabaza umuhanga udafite uburambe bw’imyaka itanu iyo – (2) However, the Court may seek the assistance of an expert who does not have experience of five years in case – (2) Toutefois, la juridiction peut faire recours à un expert qui n’a pas l’expérience de cinq ans au cas où – 11 Official Gazette nº Special of 26/01/2023 (a) nta wundi ushobora kuboneka ufite (a) no other person with the same (a) aucune autre personne ayant la même ubwo burambe; kandi experience is available; and expérience n’est disponible ; et (b) uwo muhanga witabazwa udafite ubwo burambe busabwa akaba afite ubumenyi bwafasha bwihariye urukiko. (b) the required expert who does not have has the nevertheless special knowledge that may be useful to the Court. experience required (b) l’expert requis qui n’a pas d’expérience requise a pourtant des connaissances spéciales pouvant être utiles à la juridiction. - 15 Verify source ↗
Ishyirwaho ry’umuhanga
AI-assisted research summary: The court may appoint an expert on its own initiative, and litigants who want an expert must ask the court for permission.
Ingingo ya 15: Ishyirwaho ry’umuhanga Article 15: Appointment of an expert Article 15 : Désignation d'un expert Ingingo ya 15: Ishyirwaho ry’umuhanga Article 15: Appointment of an expert Article 15 : Désignation d’un expert (1) Urukiko, rushobora rubyibwirije, gushyiraho umuhanga kugira ngo atange umucyo. (2) Ababuranyi bakeneye kwiyambaza umuhanga babisaba urukiko kugira ngo rubibemerere. (1) (2) The Court may at its own initiative to provide expert an appoint clarification. The litigants who need assistance of an expert, apply to the Court for authorisation. (3) Iyo hashyizweho abahanga barenze umwe ariko ntibahurize ku mwanzuro umwe, buri muhanga atanga raporo ye igaragaza yakoresheje uburyo n’impamvu ituma adahuza n’abandi. (3) When more than one expert are appointed but they fail to reach the same conclusion, each expert submits his or her report the methodology he or she used and the reason of his or her divergence. indicating (1) (2) (3) La juridiction peut, de sa propre initiative, désigner un expert pour apporter des éclaircissements. Les parties qui veulent recourir à un expert s’adressent à la juridiction aux fins d’autorisation. experts plusieurs sont Lorsque désignés et qu’ils n’aboutissent pas à une même conclusion, chacun d’eux remet la rapport méthodologie qu’il a utilisée et les raisons de sa dissidence. indiquant son - 16 Verify source ↗
Gushyiraho umuhanga
AI-assisted research summary: If the court finds that experts disagree on the final report, it may appoint another expert. That expert must prepare a report and present it at the hearing with the parties and the earlier experts present.
Ingingo ya 16: Gushyiraho umuhanga utanga umucyo ku kitumvikanwaho Article 16: Appointing an expert to settle a disagreement Article 16 : Désignation d’un expert pour trancher un désaccord 3 Official Gazette nº Special of 26/01/2023 UMUTWE WA V: Z’UMUHANGA N’IZ’ABABURANYI INSHINGANO CHAPTER V: OBLIGATIONS OF THE EXPERT AND PARTIES CHAPITRE V L’EXPERT ET CELLES DES PARTIES : OBLIGATIONS DE Ingingo ya 16: Gushyiraho umuhanga utanga umucyo ku kitumvikanwaho Article 16: Appointing an expert to settle a disagreement Article 16 : Désignation d’un expert pour trancher un désaccord (1) rusanga urukiko Iyo abahanga batumvikana kuri raporo ya nyuma, rushobora gushyiraho undi muhanga raporo warufasha gusesengura (1) When the Court finds that the experts do not agree on the final report, it may appoint another expert who helps it to analyse the reports submitted by the (1) Lorsque la juridiction constate que les experts ne se mettent pas d’accord sur le rapport final, elle peut désigner un autre expert qui l’aide à analyser les 12 Official Gazette nº Special of 26/01/2023 zatanzwe n’abahanga ba mbere. Uwo muhanga raporo zatanzwe, n’ibimenyetso ashyikirizwa n’urukiko. agendera kuri previous experts. The expert relies on submitted evidence provided to him or her by the Court. reports and soumis par les experts rapports précédents. Cet expert se base sur les rapports fournis et les preuves qui lui sont communiquées par la juridiction. (2) Umuhanga uvugwa mu gika cya (1) raporo iburanisha hari bari cy’iyi ngingo akora akayisobanura mu ababuranyi biyambajwe mbere. n’abahanga indi (2) The expert referred to in Paragraph (1) of this Article prepares another report and presents it in the hearing in the presence of the parties and experts who had been appointed before. (2) L’expert visé à paragraphe (1) du présent article prépare un autre rapport et le présente lors de l’audience en présence des parties et des experts précédemment désignés. UMUTWE WA V: Z’UMUHANGA N’IZ’ABABURANYI INSHINGANO CHAPTER V: OBLIGATIONS OF THE EXPERT AND PARTIES CHAPITRE V L’EXPERT ET CELLES DES PARTIES : OBLIGATIONS DE - 17 Verify source ↗
Inshingano z’umuhanga
AI-assisted research summary: An expert must do the work assigned by the Court properly, submit the report in writing, meet the Court’s deadline, and attend the hearing when summoned.
Ingingo ya 17: Inshingano z’umuhanga Article 17: Obligations of the expert Article 17 : Obligations de l’expert Ingingo ya 17: Inshingano z’umuhanga Article 17: Obligations of the expert Article 17 : Obligations de l’expert Umuhanga afite inshingano zikurikira: The expert has the following obligations: L’expert a les obligations suivantes : (a) gukora neza inshingano yahawe n’urukiko, nta marangamutima kandi yubahiriza y’umwuga amahame akora; (a) to properly perform the duties assigned to him by the Court, without bias and in respect of the professional ethics her profession; governing his or (a) exécuter correctement les tâches lui confiées par la juridiction, sans préjugé et dans le respect de la déontologie régissant sa profession ; (b) gushyikiriza mu nyandiko urukiko raporo yakoze, ibanjirijwe n’indahiro, nk’uko iteganywa n’amategeko; (b) to submit to the Court, in writing, the report he or she prepared, preceded by an oath, as provided by law; (b) soumettre à la juridiction, par écrit, le rapport qu’il a préparé, précédé d’un serment, tel que prévu par la loi ; (c) kubahiriza igihe yahawe n’urukiko agomba gutangiraho raporo yakoze. Icyakora, iyo hari impamvu ituma yahawe, atubahiriza igihe (c) to comply with the deadline fixed by the Court as regard to the submission of his or her report. However, if there is a reason for him or her to not (c) respecter le délai lui imparti par la juridiction pour la présentation de son rapport. Toutefois, lorsqu’il y a un motif justifiant le non-respect du délai lui 13 Official Gazette nº Special of 26/01/2023 abimenyesha urukiko agasaba ko cyongerwa kandi akagaragaza iminsi yumva ashigaje kugira ngo abe yarangije iyo nshingano; comply with the deadline, he or she informs the Court and asks for an extension and indicates additional days needed for him or her to complete that obligation; imparti, il en informe la juridiction et demande une prolongation en indiquant les jours supplémentaires nécessaires pour cette obligation ; l’accomplissement de (d) kwitabira umuhango w’iburanisha kugira ngo asobanure raporo yakoze mu gihe ahamagajwe n’urukiko. (d) to attend the hearing to provide explanations about his or her report when summoned by the Court. (d) assister à l’audience pour fournir des explications sur son rapport lorsque la juridiction le convoque. - 18 Verify source ↗
Inshingano z’ababuranyi
AI-assisted research summary: The parties to the case must help the expert do the court-assigned work, avoid actions that could harm the expert’s independence, and pay the expert’s allowances within the prescribed period.
Ingingo ya 18: Inshingano z’ababuranyi Article 18: Obligations of the parties Article 18 : Obligations des parties UMUTWE WA N’IGIHEMBO BY’UMUHANGA VI: RAPORO CHAPTER VI: ALLOWANCES OF THE EXPERT REPORT AND CHAPITRE VI INDEMNITÉS DE L’EXPERT : RAPPORT ET Icyiciro cya mbere: Raporo y’umuhanga Section One: Expert’s report Section première : Rapport de l’expert Ingingo ya 18: Inshingano z’ababuranyi Article 18: Obligations of the parties Article 18 : Obligations des parties Ababuranyi – The parties to the case – Les parties au procès – (a) baha umuhanga ibyo abasaba kugira ngo yuzuze neza inshingano yahawe n’urukiko; (a) provide the expert with what he or she requests in order to properly fulfil the duties assigned to him or her by the Court; (a) fournissent à l’expert ce qu’il demande afin qu’il puisse remplir correctement les fonctions la juridiction ; lui confiées par (b) birinda igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose cyabangamira ubwigenge bw’umuhanga igihe cyose arangiza inshingano ze; kandi (b) refrain from any action that may harm the independence of the expert during the performance of his or her duties; and (b) se gardent de tout acte susceptible de porter atteinte à l’indépendance de l’expert dans ses fonctions ; et l’exercice de (c) bakishyura igihembo cy’umuhanga ku (c) pay the expert’s allowances within the (c) paient les indemnités de l’expert dans gihe cyagenwe. prescribed period. le délai imparti. UMUTWE WA N’IGIHEMBO BY’UMUHANGA VI: RAPORO CHAPTER VI: ALLOWANCES OF THE EXPERT REPORT AND CHAPITRE VI INDEMNITÉS DE L’EXPERT : RAPPORT ET Icyiciro cya mbere: Raporo y’umuhanga Section One: Expert’s report Section première : Rapport de l’expert 14 Official Gazette nº Special of 26/01/2023 - 19 Verify source ↗
Imiterere ya raporo
AI-assisted research summary: An expert’s report must set out the studies and basis for the expert’s conclusion, and it must be written in the language used for the hearing.
Ingingo ya 19: Imiterere ya raporo y’umuhanga Article 19: Structure of the expert’s report Article 19 : Structure du rapport de l’expert Ingingo ya 19: Imiterere ya raporo y’umuhanga Article 19: Structure of the expert’s report Article 19 : Structure du rapport de l’expert (1) Raporo y’umuhanga igaragaza ikorwa mu inyigo ngo kugira agere ku mwanzuro iburanisha nyandiko n’ibyashingiweho umuhanga usubiza yamusabye gutangaho umucyo. ibibazo inteko (1) The expert report is prepared in form of a document that shows the studies and the basis for the expert to reach a conclusion that addresses the issues that the bench asked him or her to clarify. (1) Le rapport d’expertise est rédigé sous forme d’un document indiquant les études et les éléments sur base desquels l’expert est parvenu à une conclusion qui répond aux questions que le siège lui a demandé d’éclaircir. (2) Raporo y’umuhanga itegurwa mu rurimi urubanza ruburanishwamo. (2) The expert report is prepared in the language in which the hearing is being conducted. (2) Le rapport d’expertise est rédigé dans la langue dans laquelle se déroule l’audience. - 20 Verify source ↗
Agaciro ka raporo
AI-assisted research summary: The court decides how much probative value to give an expert report, and the expert must explain the report if the bench considers it necessary.
Ingingo ya 20: Agaciro ka raporo y’umuhanga Article 20: Probative value of the expert’s report Article 20 : Force probante du rapport de l’expert Icyiciro cya 2: Igihembo cy’umuhanga Section 2: Expert’s allowances Section 2 : Indemnités de l’expert ya Ingingo cy’umuhanga kigenwa 21: Uburyo igihembo Ingingo ya 20: Agaciro ka raporo y’umuhanga Article 20: Probative value of the expert’s report Article 20 : Force probante du rapport de l’expert (1) Urukiko, mu bushishozi bwarwo, ni rwo rumenya agaciro ruha raporo y’umuhanga. (1) in The Court, discretion, determines the probative value to be given to the expert’s report. its (1) La juridiction détermine, dans sa discrétion, la force probante du rapport de l’expert. (2) Umuhanga asobanura raporo ye, iyo ari iburanisha isanga inteko ngombwa. (2) The expert explains his or her report if the bench considers it necessary. (2) L’expert explique son rapport lorsque le siège le juge nécessaire. Icyiciro cya 2: Igihembo cy’umuhanga Section 2: Expert’s allowances Section 2 : Indemnités de l’expert Ingingo ya cy’umuhanga kigenwa 21: Uburyo igihembo - 21 Verify source ↗
Determination of the expert’s
AI-assisted research summary: The expert’s allowances are set by agreement between the expert and the parties, considering the duties assigned. If they do not agree, the bench sets the allowances using the usual allowances in the expert’s field.
Article 21: Determination of the expert’s allowances Article 21 : Détermination des indemnités de l’expert Ingingo ya cy’umuhanga cyishyurwa 22: Uburyo igihembo Article 21: Determination of the expert’s allowances Article 21 : Détermination des indemnités de l’expert Igihembo bwumvikane cy’umuhanga kigenwa ku bw’umuhanga The expert allowances are determined on basis of the agreement between the expert and Les indemnités de l’expert sont déterminées sur base de l’accord entre l’expert et les parties 15 Official Gazette nº Special of 26/01/2023 n’ubw’ababuranyi, hitawe ku nshingano aba yahawe. Iyo ubwumvikane budashobotse, igihembo kigenwa n’inteko iburanisha ikurikije ibihembo cyangwa impuzandengo y’ibihembo bisanzwe bitangwa mu rwego rw’umurimo umuhanga akoramo. the parties taking into account the duties assigned to him or her. If they fail to reach an agreement, the expert’s allowances are determined by the bench in accordance with the allowances or the average allowances that are normally awarded in the field of work of the expert concerned. en tenant compte des tâches qui lui sont confiées. À défaut d’accord, les indemnités d’expertise sont déterminées par le siège en fonction des indemnités ou de la moyenne des indemnités normalement accordées dans le domaine de travail de l’expert concerné. Ingingo ya cy’umuhanga cyishyurwa 22: Uburyo igihembo - 22 Verify source ↗
Payment modalities of the
AI-assisted research summary: This article sets out who pays an expert’s allowances, including the parties, the Judicial Organ in destitution cases, and reimbursement after judgment.
Article 22: Payment modalities of the expert’s allowances Article 22 : Modalités de paiement des indemnités de l’expert UMUTWE WA VII: ZINYURANYE N’IZISOZA INGINGO CHAPTER VII: MISCELLANEOUS AND FINAL PROVISIONS CHAPITRE VII DIVERSES ET FINALES : DISPOSITIONS Article 22: Payment modalities of the expert’s allowances Article 22 : Modalités de paiement des indemnités de l’expert (1) Umuburanyi wasabye umuhanga urukiko rukabimwemerera, ni we umwiyishyurira. (1) The party authorised by the Court to resort to an expert pays the expert’s allowances. (2) gutegeka Iyo urukiko rushyizeho umuhanga rubyibwirije mu bushishozi bwarwo umwe mu rushobora igihembo baburanyi kumwishyura cy’imirimo cyangwa yakoze rugategeka ababuranyi bose gufatanya kumwishyura icyo gihembo. (3) Mu gihe ababuranyi bari mu cyiciro cy’abatishoboye kandi hakenewe umuhanga kugira ngo hatangwe yishyurwa umuhanga ubutabera, n’Urwego rw’Ubucamanza. (2) When the Court appoints an expert in its discretion, it may order one of the parties to pay the expert’s allowances for the work performed or order all of them to jointly pay him or her the allowances. (3) When the litigants are destitute and an expert is needed to administer justice, the expert is paid by the Judicial Organ. (3) (1) (2) La partie autorisée par la juridiction à recourir à un expert paie les indemnités de ce dernier. la juridiction désigne un Lorsque expert dans sa discrétion, elle peut ordonner à l’une des parties de lui verser des indemnités de l’expert pour le travail effectué ou ordonner à toutes les parties de payer conjointement ces indemnités. Lorsque les parties sont indigentes et que la désignation d’un expert est nécessaire pour l’administration de la justice, l’expert est payé par l’Organe judiciaire. (4) Umuhanga ashobora kugenerwa igice cy’amafaranga mbere y’uko atangira imirimo yashinzwe n’urukiko. Icyo (4) The expert may receive a part of the allowances as an advance before he or she starts the work assigned by the (4) L’expert peut recevoir une partie des indemnités à titre d’avance avant de commencer la tâche lui confiée par la 16 Official Gazette nº Special of 26/01/2023 gice cy’amafaranga cyishyurwa mu buryo bumwe n’ubuvugwa mu gika cya (1), icya (2) n’icya (3) by’iyi ngingo. Court. That advance is paid in the same way as mentioned in Paragraphs (1), (2) and (3) of this Article. (5) Mu icibwa ry’urubanza, umucamanza ategeka mu cyemezo cy’urukiko uwatsinze gusubiza uwatsinzwe amafaranga yishyuye umuhanga. (5) In the judgment pronouncement, the judge orders in a court’s decision that the losing party refunds the winning party the allowances the latter paid to the expert. (5) juridiction. Cette avance est payée de la même manière que celle mentionnée aux paragraphes (1), (2) et (3) du présent article. Lors du prononcé du jugement, le juge ordonne dans une décision de la la partie perdante juridiction que rembourse à la partie gagnante les indemnités versées à l’expert par cette dernière. UMUTWE WA VII: ZINYURANYE N’IZISOZA INGINGO CHAPTER VII: MISCELLANEOUS AND FINAL PROVISIONS CHAPITRE VII DIVERSES ET FINALES : DISPOSITIONS - 23 Verify source ↗
Uburyo umuhanga yihanwa
AI-assisted research summary: A party may disown an appointed expert if it gives valid reasons to the court, and the court may appoint a substitute expert.
Ingingo ya 23: Uburyo umuhanga yihanwa Article 23: Disownment of an expert Article 23 : Désaveu d’un expert 4 Ingingo kutubahiriza amahame agenga umwuga Ihanwa 24: kubera ya Official Gazette nº Special of 26/01/2023 Ingingo ya 23: Uburyo umuhanga yihanwa Article 23: Disownment of an expert Article 23: Désaveu d’un expert (1) Umuhanga washyizweho ashobora kwihanwa n’umwe mu baburanyi iyo agaragarije impamvu urukiko zumvikana. Icyo gihe hashyirwaho undi umusimbura. (1) An appointed expert may be disowned by one of the parties if the latter provides valid reasons to the Court. In this case, another substituting expert is appointed. (1) Un expert désigné peut être désavoué par l’une des parties si celle-ci présente à la juridiction des raisons valables. Dans ce cas, un autre expert suppléant est nommé. (2) kandi Iyo impamvu zo kwihana umuhanga zimenyekanye nyuma yo gutanga raporo zituma bitashoboka kwizera ukutabogama kwe, urukiko rubifataho icyemezo, raporo agaciro hagashyirwaho undi muhanga. yateshwa zikaba ikaba (2) (2) If the reasons for the disownment of an expert are discovered after submitting the report to such an extent that it would be impossible to trust his or her impartiality, the Court takes a decision on invalidity of the report and the appointment of another expert. Si les raisons de désaveu d’un expert apparaissent après la remise du rapport à tel point qu’il serait impossible de faire confiance en son impartialité, la juridiction prend la décision sur la nullité du rapport et la désignation d’un autre expert. 17 Ingingo kutubahiriza amahame agenga umwuga Ihanwa 24: kubera ya (1) Umuhanga ku udindiza bushake inshingano yahawe cyangwa utandukira ku buryo bukomeye amahame agenga umwuga we, n’inteko iburanisha kimwe mu bihano bikurikira, hakurikijwe ikosa yakoze: ahanishwa Official Gazette nº Special of 26/01/2023 - 24 Verify source ↗
Punishment for violation of
AI-assisted research summary: An expert who wilfully delays assigned work or seriously breaches professional ethics can be sanctioned.
Article 24: Punishment for violation of professional ethics Article 24 : Sanction pour le non-respect de la déontologie professionnelle Article 24: Punishment for violation of professional ethics Article 24 : Sanction pour le non-respect de la déontologie professionnelle (1) An expert who wilfully delays the task assigned to him or her or seriously deviates from his or her professional ethics is, in accordance with the fault committed, awarded by the bench one of the following sanctions: (1) Un expert qui retarde volontairement la lui confiée ou qui s’écarte tâche gravement déontologie sa professionnelle se voit infliger par le siège, en fonction de la faute commise, l’une des sanctions suivantes : de (a) kwihanangirizwa; (a) warning; (a) l’avertissement; (b) kwamburwa inshingano. (b) withdrawal of duties. (b) le retrait des fonctions. ikosa ikosa rikomeye, (2) Iyo inteko iburanisha isanze umuhanga ishobora yarakoze raporo gukorera Perezida w’urukiko imumenyesha Iyo Perezida w’urukiko amaze kubisuzuma, agasanga akwiriye uwo muhanga guhanwa, akora raporo akayishyikiriza Perezida rw’Ikirenga ushobora gufata kimwe mu bihano bikurikira: w’Urukiko ryakozwe. (a) guhagarika umuhanga bireba gukorana n’inkiko mu gihe kitari munsi y’amezi atatu ariko kitarenga amezi atandatu; (2) (2) If the bench finds that the expert has made a serious fault, it may prepare a report to the President of the Court informing him or her of the fault committed. When the President of the Court, after examination, finds that the expert deserves to be punished, he or she prepares a report to the President of the Supreme Court, who may impose one of the following penalties: (a) suspension of the expert involved from working with the Courts for a period of not less than three months but not exceeding six months; Si le siège estime que l’expert a commis une faute grave, il peut rédiger un rapport à l’intention du Président de la juridiction pour l’informer de la faute commise. Lorsque le Président de la juridiction, après examen, estime que l’expert mérite d’être sanctionné, il prépare un rapport à l’intention du Président de la Cour Suprême qui peut imposer l’une des sanctions suivantes : (a) la suspension de l’expert concerné toute activité auprès des de juridictions pour une période d’au moins trois mois mais n’excédant pas six mois ; (b) gukurwa burundu ku rutonde (b) permanent removal from the list of (b) la radiation permanente de la liste 18 Official Gazette nº Special of 26/01/2023 rw’abahanga bemerewe kwitabazwa n’inkiko. experts authorised to support the Courts. des experts autorisés à appuyer les juridictions. (3) Umuhanga ufatiwe kimwe mu bihano bivugwa mu gika cya (2) cy’iyi ngingo ashobora Perezida gutakambira w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga akaba ari we usuzuma niba hari impamvu yatuma igihano yari yafatiwe gikurwaho. (3) An expert who is awarded one of the sanctions referred to in Paragraph (2) may appeal to the President of the Supreme Court, who considers if there is a reason to remove the sanction. (3) Un expert à qui l’une des sanctions visées au paragraphe (2) a été imposée peut faire appel auprès du Président de la Cour Suprême, qui examine s’il y a lieu de lever la sanction. - 25 Verify source ↗
Ingingo y’ururimi
AI-assisted research summary: This provision says the instructions were drafted in Kinyarwanda.
Ingingo ya 25: Ingingo y’ururimi Article 25: Language provision Article 25 : Disposition linguistique Ingingo ya 25: Ingingo y’ururimi Article 25: Language provision Article 25 : Disposition linguistique Aya mabwiriza yateguwe mu rw’Ikinyarwanda. rurimi These Ikinyarwanda. instructions were drafted in Les présentes instructions ont été rédigées en Ikinyarwanda. - 26 Verify source ↗
Gutangira gukurikizwa
AI-assisted research summary: These instructions take effect on the date they are published in the Official Gazette of Rwanda.
Ingingo ya 26: Gutangira gukurikizwa Article 26: Entry into force Article 26 : Entrée en vigueur 5 YA AMABWIRIZA W’URUKIKO 001/2023 YO KU WA YEREKEYE BASHYIRWAHO N’INKIKO PEREZIDA Nº 25/01/2023 ABAHANGA RW’IKIRENGA Official Gazette nº Special of 26/01/2023 INSTRUCTIONS OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE SUPREME COURT Nº 001/2023 OF EXPERTS ON 25/01/2023 APPOINTED BY COURTS INSTRUCTIONS DU PRÉSIDENT DE LA COUR SUPRÊME Nº 001/2023 DU 25/01/2023 RELATIVES AUX EXPERTS DÉSIGNÉS PAR LES JURIDICTIONS Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ; The President of the Supreme Court; Le Président de la Cour Suprême ; Ashingiye ku Itegeko no 012/2018 ryo ku wa 04/04/2018 imitunganyirize n’imikorere y’Ubutegetsi bw’Ubucamanza, cyane cyane mu ngingo yaryo ya 3 (4o) ; rigena Amaze kubona ko ari ngombwa ko hashyirwaho amabwiriza ajyanye n’uburyo abahanga mu nkiko buzuza inshingano bahabwa n’inkiko ; Pursuant to Law no 012/2018 of 04/04/2018 determining the organization and functioning of the Judiciary, especially in Article 3 (4o); Vu la Loi no 012/2018 du 04/04/2018 portant organisation et fonctionnement du Pouvoir judiciaire, spécialement en son article 3 (4o) ; Having realized the importance of issuing instructions relating to the performance of experts in the Courts; Ayant constaté l’importance de mettre en place des instructions relatives à la prestation des experts dans les juridictions ; Ashyizeho amabwiriza akurikira : Issues the following instructions: Émet les instructions suivantes : UMUTWE WA MBERE : INGINGO RUSANGE CHAPTER PROVISIONS ONE: GENERAL CHAPITRE PREMIER : DISPOSITIONS GÉNÉRALES Ingingo ya 26: Gutangira gukurikizwa Article 26: Entry into force Article 26 : Entrée en vigueur Aya mabwiriza atangira gukurikizwa ku munsi atangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. These instructions come into force on the date of their publication in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda. Les présentes instructions entrent en vigueur le jour de leur publication au Journal Officiel de la République du Rwanda. 19 Kigali, 25/01/2023 Official Gazette nº Special of 26/01/2023 (sé) Dr NTEZILYAYO Faustin Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga akaba na Perezida w’Inama Nkuru y’Ubucamanza President of Supreme Court and President of the High Council of the Judiciary Président de la Cour Suprême et Président du Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature Bibonywe kandi bishyizweho Ikirango cya Repubulika: Seen and sealed with the Seal of the Republic: Vu et scellé du Sceau de la République : (sé) Dr UGIRASHEBUJA Emmanuel Minisitiri w’Ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Minister of Justice and Attorney General Ministre de la Justice et Garde des Sceaux 20
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INSTRUCTIONS OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE SUPREME COURT Nº 001/2023 OF 25/01/2023 ON EXPERTS APPOINTED BY COURTS
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