Finance Act 1972

Finance Act 1972 An Act to grant certain duties, to alter other duties, and to amend the law relating to the National Debt and the Public Revenue, and to make further provision in connection with Finance. In section 14(2) of the Crown Proceedings Act 1947 (summary applications to High Court for payment of purchase tax and furnishing of information relating thereto) and in section 14 of that Act as it applies in Northern Ireland for the words “purchase tax” in paragraphs (c) and (d) there shall be substituted the words “value added tax”; but without prejudice to the operation of that section as originally enacted (or of the section substituted for Northern Ireland) with respect to purchase tax becoming due before the coming into force of this section or with respect to so much of the enactments relating to purchase tax as remains in force thereafter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In section 9 of the International Organisations Act 1968 for the words “or of purchase tax” there shall be substituted the words “value added tax or car tax” and in paragraph 7 of Schedule 1 to that Act for the words “purcahse tax paid on any goods” there shall be substituted the words “car tax paid on any vehicles and value added tax paid on the supply of any goods or services”; but without prejudice to the operation of that section or paragraph as originally enacted with respect to purchase tax becoming due before the coming into force of this section. This section shall come into force on 1st April 1973. Where in any accounting period of a body to which this section applies the rate of corporation tax exceeds such special rate as Parliament may fix for the purposes of this section, the body may claim that the corporation tax charged on the income of that body for that period shall be calculated as if the rate of corporation tax were equal to that special rate. The bodies to which this section applies are— any registered industrial and provident society as defined in section 340 of the Taxes Act and any such co-operative association as is mentioned in subsection (8) of that section; any housing association for the time being approved for the purposes of section 341 of that Act; any building society as defined in section 343 of that Act and any company to which that section applies by virtue of subsection (9) of that section. not being a society, association or company under the control (within the meaning of section 302 of that Act) of one or more companies which are not themselves bodies to which this section applies. For the purposes of this section the income of a company for an accounting period is its income charged to corporation tax for that period as defined in section 85(6) above as originally enacted. The enactments specified in Schedule 24 to this Act shall have effect with the amendments there specified, being amendments adapting and supplementing those enactments in consequence of the provisions of this Part of this Act. This section has effect from 6th April 1973 and does not affect the operation of any enactment in relation to any previous time ; and no amendment in the said Schedule 24 adapting an enactment so as to make it apply or refer to a provision of this Act instead of a provision repealed thereby shall be construed as affecting the operation of that enactment in relation to the repealed provision so far as concerns matters occurring before the repeal or otherwise unaffected by it. On the repayment of any post-war credit, or payment to a building society of any amount outstanding under section 3 of the Income Tax (Repayment of Post-War Credits) Act 1959, the sum payable, inclusive of the interest, may be taken by the Commissioners of Inland Revenue as amounting to 138 per cent. of the credit as notified under section 7 of the Finance Act 1941 or of the amount so outstanding, as the case may be. An application for such repayment made before the applicant is qualified may, if he later becomes qualified, be treated as made on the date when he does so. No such repayment shall be made unless application therefor is made before such time (not earlier than the beginning of the year 1974) as the Treasury may by order direct. Any order under this subsection shall be made by statutory instrument, which shall be laid before Parliament after being made, and may be varied by a subsequent order so as to extend the time for applications for repayment. An order under subsection (3) above may make different provision for different cases or classes of case and may provide that no amount shall be ascertained, recorded or notified under section 7 of the Finance Act 1941 after any such time as may be specified in the order. In this section “post-war credit” has the same meaning as in the Income Tax (Repayment of Post-War Credits) Act 1959. This section shall be deemed to have had effect from the beginning of April 1972. This Act may be cited as the Finance Act 1972. In this Act “the Taxes Act” means the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988. In this Act— Parts IV and V, so far as they relate to income tax, shall be construed as one with the Income Tax Acts and, so far as they relate to corporation tax, shall be construed as one with the Corporation Tax Acts; Except so far as the context otherwise requires, any reference in this Act to any enactment shall be construed as a reference to that enactment as amended, and as including a reference to that enactment as applied, by or under any other enactment, including this Act. If the Parliament of Northern Ireland passes provisions amending or replacing any enactment of that Parliament referred to in this Act the reference shall be construed as a reference to the enactment as so amended or, as the case may be, as a reference to those provisions. The enactments mentioned in Schedule 28 to this Act are hereby repealed to the extent mentioned in the third column of that Schedule, but subject to any provision at the end of any Part of that Schedule. In section 5 of the Provisional Collection of Taxes Act 1968 in subsection (1)(c) after the words “section 243(6) of the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1970” there shall be inserted the words “or advance corporation tax could be payable or assessed by virtue of section 103(2) of the Finance Act 1972”, and in subsection (2) of that section after the word “Act)” there shall be inserted the words “and the said section 103(2) of the Finance Act 1972”. In section 11 of the Management Act, after subsection (5) there shall be added— A notice under this section may require the inclusion in the return of particulars of advance corporation tax paid by the company (and not repaid) and of any surplus advance corporation tax carried forward under section 85(4) of the Finance Act 1972. In section 31(3)(b) of the Management Act the figure “297” (inserted by the Finance Act 1971) shall be omitted and at the end there shall be inserted “or under paragraph 5 of Schedule 16 to the Finance Act 1972”. . . . For section 87 of the Management Act there shall be substituted— Any tax assessable in accordance with Schedule 14 or 20 to the Finance Act 1972 shall carry interest at the prescribed rate from the date when the tax becomes due and payable until payment. Where— advance corporation tax paid in respect of distributions made in any return period is repaid under paragraph 4 of the said Schedule 14 in consequence of the receipt of franked investment income in a later return period; or income tax paid in respect of payments made in any return period is repaid or discharged under paragraph 5 of the said Schedule 20 in consequence of the receipt in a later return period of a payment on which income tax is borne by deduction. the repayment or discharge shall not affect interest under this section on the tax so repaid or discharged for such time as is specified in subsection (3) below but, subject to that, this section shall apply as if any such tax which is repaid or discharged had never become payable. The time for which interest is not affected is— any time before the expiration of fourteen days from the end of the later return period, unless the return for that period is made earlier in those fourteen days; and if that return is made earlier in those fourteen days, any time ending before the date on which the return is made. Interest shall not be payable under this section on the tax charged by any assessment unless the total amount of the interest exceeds £10 Subsection (4) above shall have effect as if all advance corporation tax due from a company in accordance with paragraph 3(1) of the said Schedule 14 for any return period, whether or not it is actually assessed, were included in a single assessment, and similarly in the case of all income tax due from a company in accordance with paragraph 4(1) of the said Schedule 20 for any return period. In this section “return period” means a period for which a return is required to be made under the said Schedule 14 or 20. It is hereby declared that this section applies to advance corporation tax and income tax which, in accordance with either of those Schedules, is paid without the making of any assessment (but is paid after it is due). and that where the tax is charged by an assessment (whether or not any part of it has been paid when the assessment is made) this section applies as respects interest running before as well as after the making of the assessment. Tax assessable as mentioned in subsection (1) above shall carry interest from the date when it becomes due and payable even if that date is a non-business day within the meaning of section 92 of the Bills of Exchange Act 1882. In section 88(2) of the Management Act, for the words “Schedule 9 to the principal Act” there shall be substituted the words “Schedule 14 or 20 to the Finance Act 1972.” In section 98 of the Management Act the following shall be added in the first column— Paragraph 19 of Schedule 16 and paragraphs 2(b), 3 and 4 of Schedule 21 to the Finance Act 1972 and the following shall be added in the second column— Schedules 14 and 20, and paragraphs 1 and 2(a) of Schedule 21, to the Finance Act 1972 For section 109 of the Management Act there shall be substituted— The provisions of section 286 of the principal Act (charge of tax in connection with loans by close companies to participators etc.) directing that tax be assessed and recoverable as if it were an amount of corporation tax shall be taken as applying, subject to the provisions of the Taxes Act, and to any necessary modifications, all enactments applying generally to corporation tax, including those relating to the assessing, collecting and receiving of corporation tax, those conferring or regulating a right of appeal and those concerning administration, penalties, interest on unpaid tax and priority of tax in cases of insolvency under the law of any part of the United Kingdom. Section 86 of this Act shall apply in relation to tax under the said section 286 as if the date given by the Table in subsection (4) of the said section 86 were the last day of the three months following the end of the financial year in which the loan or advance was made. For the purposes of section 88 of this Act as applied by subsection (1) above, the date when tax charged under the said section 286 ought to have been paid shall be taken to be the first day of the financial year following that in which the loan or advance was made. Section 91 of this Act shall not apply in consequence of any discharge or repayment of tax under section 286(5) of the principal Act. For the purposes of the said section 91, a relief from tax under the said section 286 shall not be treated as affecting tax charged by any assessment unless the assessment is to tax under that section. In Schedule 3 to the Management Act, in column 1 of rule 8 the words “288 or 289” shall be omitted and at the end there shall be inserted the words “or relating to a notice under paragraph 15 of Schedule 16 to the Finance Act 1972”. These repeals take effect on 8th August 1972. These repeals take effect on 6th April 1973. These repeals have effect in relation to interest paid and payable on or after 6th April 1972. NOTES: 1. Subject to the following paragraphs, these repeals take effect on 6th April 1973 and do not affect the operation of any enactment in relation to any previous time. 2. The repeal of section 84(4) of the Finance Act 1965 has effect in relation to the year 1972-73 and subsequent years of assessment. 3. The repeals in the Finance Act 1968, in sections 234(3) and 526(5) of the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1970 and of paragraphs 28, 77 and 92 of Schedule 6 to the Finance Act 1971 do not apply in relation to dividends payable before 6th April 1973. 4. The repeal of sections 289 to 301 of the said Act of 1970, the repeal in section 302(1) of that Act and the repeal of section 25(1), (2), (3) and (4)(a) of, and paragraphs 34 to 37 and 84(a) and 85(b) of Schedule 6 to, the Finance Act 1971 have effect in relation to accounting periods ending after 5th April 1973; and the repeal of the said section 289 has effect subject to paragraph 19 of Schedule 23 to this Act. 5. The repeal of section 356 of the said Act of 1970 takes effect on 1st April 1972, and the repeal of that section and of section 311 of that Act have effect subject to section 93(7) of this Act. 6. The repeal of the proviso to section 322(3) of the said Act of 1970 takes effect of 1st April 1974 and does not affect disposals before that date. 7. the repeal of section 499 of the said Act of 1970 takes effect on 1st April 1973. The repeal of these enactments has effect in relation to deaths occuring after 21st March 1972 and does not extend to them as applied by section 33(2) of the Finance Act 1951. These repeals do not effect disposals before 6th April 1972. These repeals take effect on 25th June 1972 except that the repeals in the Finance Act 1963 and the Finance Act 1967 take effect on 1st August 1972 and do not affect instruments executed before that date. 1. the repeal of section 1(4) of the Finance Act 1964 takes effect on 8th August 1972. 2. The repeals in sections 134 and 142 of the Taxes Act do not affect the operation of those sections in relation to claims that were or could have been made under section 80(6) of that Act as originally enacted. 3. The repeal in section 42 of the Finance Act 1971 has effect in relation to expenditure incurred after 21 March 1972 and the repeals in Schedule 8 to that Act have effect in accordance with section 68(9) of this Act. Act partly in force at Royal Assent, partly retrospective, partly prospective, see individual sections. All provisions so far as unrepealed wholly in force at 1.2.1991 Words of enactment omitted under authority of Statute Law Revision Act 1948 (c. 62), s. 3 The text of ss. 128, 134(4) was taken from from SIF Group 107:2 (Road Traffic: Vehicle Excise Duty), ss. 1-52, 127, 134(1)(4)(5), Schs 1-7 from SIF group 40:2 (Customs and Excise:Value Added Tax and Car Tax), ss. 62-119, 123, 124, 127, 129-131, 134(1)-(3)(b)(4)-(7), Schs. 9-25, 28 from SIF Group 63:1 (Income, Corporation and Capital Gains Taxes), and ss. 125, 126, 130, 132, 133, 134(1)(4)-(7), Sch 28 from SIF Group 99:3 (Public Finance and Economic Controls: National Debt). Provisions omitted from SIF have been dealt with as referred to in other commentary. General amendments etc. to Tax Acts (or Income Tax Acts or Corporation Tax Acts as the case may be) made by Taxes Management Act 1970 (c.9, SIF 63:1), s. 41A(7) (as added by Finance Act 1990 (c. 29, SIF 63:1), s. 95(1)(2), British Telecommunications Act 1981 (c. 38, SIF 96), s. 82(2)(7); Telecommunications Act 1984 (c. 12, SIF 96), s. 72(3); Finance Act 1984 (c. 43, SIF 63:1), ss. 82(6), 85(2), 89(1)(7), 96(1)(7), Sch. 9 para 3(2)(9), Sch. 16 paras. 6, 12 amd Finance Act 1985 (c. 54, SIF 63:1), ss. 72(1), 74(5), Sch 23 para. 15(4), S.I. 1987/530, regs. 11(2), 13(1), 14, Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 (c. 1, SIF 63:1), ss. 4, 6, 7, 9, 32, 34, 78, 134, 135, 141, 142, 185, 191, 193, 194, 195, 200, 203, 209, 212, 213, 219, 247, 253, 272, 287, 314, 315, 317, 318, 325, 326, 327, 345, 350, 351, 368, 375, 381, 397, 414, 432, 440, 442, 446, 458, 460, 461, 463, 463(2)(3) (as added by Finance Act 1990 (c. 29, SIF 63:1), s. 50(2)), 468, 474, 475, 486, 490, 491, 503, 511, 518, 524, 532, 544, 550, 556, 558, 569, 572, 582, 595, 601, 613, 617, 619, 621, 639, 656, 660, 663, 676, 689, 691, 694, 700, 701, 714, 716, 739, 743, 754, 763, 776, 780, 781, 782, 787, 789, 811, 828, 829, 832, 833, 834, 835, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 842, Sch. 2 para. 5, Sch. 4 para. 5, Sch. 13 para. 10, Sch. 16 para. 10, Sch. 21 para. 6, Sch. 26 para. 1, Sch. 27 para. 20, Finance Act 1988 (c. 39, SIF 63:1), ss. 66, 127(1)(6), Sch. 12 para. 6, Capital Allowances Act 1990 (c. 1, SIF 63:1), ss. 28(1), 68(8), 74, 82, 83(5), 148(5), 163(4), 164(2), S.I. 1990/627 and Finance Act 1990 (c. 29, SIF 63:1), s. 25(10) General amendments to Tax Acts, Income Tax Acts, and/or Corporation Tax Acts made by legislation after 1.2.1991 are noted against Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 (c. 1, SIF 63:1) but not against each Act Ss. 1–51 repealed by Value Added Tax Act 1983 (c. 55), Sch 11 S. 52 repealed by Car Tax Act 1983 (c. 53), Sch 3 Ss. 53, 54 repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1986 (c. 12), s. 1(1) Sch. 1 Pt. III The text of ss. 55(1)(5)(6)(7), 128(2)(3) is in the form in which it was originally enacted: it was not reproduced in Statutes in Force and does not reflect any amendments or repeals which may have been made prior to 1.2.1991. 1947 c. 44. S. 55(2)(3) repealed by Customs and Excise Duties (General Reliefs) Act 1979 (c. 3), s. 19(2), Sch. 3 Pt. I S. 55(4) repealed by Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 (c. 2), s. 177(3), Sch. 6 Pt. I 1968 c. 48. S. 55(6) repealed (1.9.1994) by 1994 c. 22, ss. 65, 66(1), Sch. 5 Pt. I (with s. 57(4)) S. 56 repealed by Finance Act 1973 (c. 51), s. 59(7), Sch. 22 Pt. I S. 57 repealed by Finance (No. 2) Act 1975 (c. 45), s. 75(5), Sch. 14 Pt. I and the Alchoholic Liquor Duties Act 1979 (c. 4), s. 92(2), Sch. 4 Pt. I S. 58 repealed with savings by Betting and Gaming Duties Act 1981 (c. 63) s. 34(1)(2), Sch. 6 para. 3 Sch. 7 S. 59 repealed by Finance (No. 2) Act 1975 (c. 45), s. 75(5), Sch. 14 Pt. II Ss. 60, 61 repealed by Finance Act 1973 (c. 51), s. 59(7), Sch. 22 Pt. I Ss. 62–66 repealed by Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 (c. 1) s.844, Sch. 31. See 1987 edition for these provisions. Ss. 67–69 repealed by Capital Allowances Act 1990 (c. 1, SIF 63:1), ss. 82, 164(4)(5), Sch. 2 Ss. 70–77 repealed by Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 (c. 1) s.844, Sch. 31. See 1987 edition for these provisions. And see Finance Act 1988 (c. 39, SIF 63:1, 2), Sch. 6 para. 3 in connection with relief for interest under s. 75–abolition of Schedule Delection for commercial woodlands from 15 March 1988. S. 78 repealed by Finance Act 1974 (c. 30), s. 20(1), 57(6), Sch. 14 Part. II except where the right referrd to was exercised before 27 March 1974 Ss. 79–95 repealed by Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 (c. 1), s. 844, Sch. 31. See 1987 edition for these provisions. And see–Finance Act 1988 (c. 39, SIF 63:1, 2), s. 88–amendment to s. 79 (share incentive schemes) reaquisitions of shares made on or after 26 October 1987. Finance Act 1988 (c. 39, SIF 63:1, 2), s. 61–amendment to s. 87 (income tax on distributions) for years 1986-87 and 1987-88. Finance Act 1988 (c. 39 SIF 63: 1, 2), s. 117(2)–cancellation of repeal of s. 93(6) (investment trust) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1987. S. 96 repealed by Finance Act 1984 ss. 20(3), 128(6), Sch. 23 Part V for the financial year 1985 et seq. See Finance Act 1984 s. 20(4) for apportionment where s. 96 applies to part of an accounting period of a body but not to the other part by virtue of Finance Act 1984 s. 20(3) Words inserted by Finance Act 1973 (c. 51), s. 34, Sch. 14 paras. 1, 3 See Finance Act 1973 s. 34, Sch. 14 paras. 1, 4— inspector's powers under Finance Act 1972 Sch. 16 para. 19 may be exercised for purposes of ss. 95, 96 Words added by Finance Act 1974 (c. 30), s. 44, Sch. 7 para. 3(2). Repealed by Finance Act 1985 s. 98(6), Sch. 27 Part X in respect of disposals taking place on or after 19 March 1985. Ss. 97–110 repealed by Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 (c. 1) s. 844, Sch. 31. See 1987 edition for these provisions. S. 111(2) repealed by Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 (c. 1) s. 844, Sch. 31. Ss. 112–119 repealed (with savings) by Capital Gains Tax Act 1979 (c. 14), ss. 157(1), 158, Sch. 6 paras. 10(2)(b), 27, Sch. 8 S. 120 repealed (with savings) by Finance Act 1975 (c. 7), ss. 50, 52(2)(3), 59, Sch. 13 Pt I S. 121 repealed (with savings) by Finance Act 1975 (c. 7), ss. 49(1), 50, 52(2)(3), 59, Sch. 11 Pt. I para. 2(1), Sch. 13 Pt. I S. 122 repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1986 (c. 12), s. 1(1), Sch. 1 Pt. III S. 123 repealed by Finance Act 1974 ss. 28(2), 57(6), Sch. 14 Part VI S. 124 repealed by Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 (c. 1) s. 844, Sch. 31. See 1987 edition for these provisions S. 125 repealed by Finance Act 1980 (c. 48, SIF 63:1), s. 122(4), Sch. 20 Pt. XII S. 126 repealed (27.7.1999 with effect as mentioned in Sch. 20 Pt. V(2) notes 1, 2 of the amending Act) by 1999 c. 16, s. 139, Sch. 20 Pt. V(2) S. 128(1) repealed by Finance Act 1978 (c. 42), s. 80(5), Sch. 13 Pt. I S. 128(2) repealed (13.10.1993) by Finance (No.2) Act 1992 (c.48), s. 82, Sch. 18 Pt. IV; S.I. 1993/2272, art. 2 S. 128(3) repealed (1.9.1994) by 1994 c. 22, ss. 65, 66(1), Sch. 5 Pt. I (with s. 57(4)) S. 129 repealed (1.9.1994) by S.I. 1994/1813, reg. 2(2), Sch. 2 Pt. I The text of s. 131 is in the form in which it was originally enacted: it was not reproduced in Statutes in Force and, except as specified, does not reflect any amendments or repeals which may have been made prior to 1.2.1991. 1959 c. 28. 1941 c. 30. S. 131(3A) inserted by Finance Act 1976 (c. 40), s. 59 1941 c. 30 S. 132 repealed by Finance Act 1984 (c. 43, SIF 99:3), s. 128(6), Sch. 23 Pt. XIV S. 133 repealed by Trustee Savings Banks Act 1981 (c. 65, SIF 110), s. 55(3), Sch. 8 “1988” substituted by Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 (c. 1) Sch. 29 para. 32 S. 134(a) repealed by Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 (c. 2), s. 177(3), Sch. 6 Pt. I S. 134(3)(c) repealed by Capital Gains Tax Act 1979 (c. 14, SIF 63:2) s. 158, Sch. 8 for 1979–80 et seq. S. 134(d) repealed by Finance Act 1975 (c. 7), ss. 50, 52(2)(3), Sch. 13 Pt. I S. 134(5) repealed (1.1.1992) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31, SIF 12:2), s. 123, Sch. 19, Pt.VIII Schs. 1–6 repealed by Value Added Tax Act 1983 (c. 55), Sch 11 Sch. 7 repealed by Car Tax Act 1983 (c. 53), Sch. 3 Sch. 8 repealed by Finance Act 1973 (c. 51), s. 59(7), Sch. 22 Pt. I Schs. 9–23 repealed by Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 (c. 1) s. 844, Sch. 31. Sch. 24 paras. 1, 2 repealed by Capital Gains Tax Act 1979 (c. 14, SIF 63:1) s. 158, Sch. 8 Sch. 24 para. 4 repealed by Finance Act 1990 (c. 29, SIF 63:1), s. 132, Sch. 19 Pt. V, Note 2 Sch. 24 para. 6 repealed by Finance Act 1989 (c. 26, SIF 63:1), s. 187(1), Sch. 17 Pt. V, Note 6 Sch. 24 paras. 8, 9 repealed by Finance (No. 2) Act 1975 (c. 45) s. 75, Sch. 14 Part III “£10” substituted by Finance (No. 2) Act 1975 s. 46(3) S. 87(8) added by virtue of Finance (No. 2) Act 1975 s. 46(3) Words substituted by Finance (No. 2) Act 1975 s. 46(5) Sch. 24 paras. 15–33 repealed by Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 (c. 1) s. 844, Sch. 31. See 1987 edition for these provisions. The text of Schedule 24 is substantially in the form in which it was originally enacted: it was not reproduced in full in Statutes in Force and, except as specified, does not reflect any amendments or repeals which may have been made prior to 1.2.1991. Sch. 25 repealed by Finance Act 1975 (c. 7), s. 59(5), Sch. 13 Part II in relation to disposals after 26 March 1974. See now 1975 (c. 7), Sch. 6 para. 12. Sch. 26 repealed (with savings) by Finance Act 1975 (c. 7), ss. 49(1), 50, 52(2)(3), 59, Sch. 11 para. 2(2), Sch. 13 Pt. I Sch. 27 repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1986 (c. 12), s. 1(1), Sch. 1 Pt. III Sch. 28 Pts. I, II, VIII and IX repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1986 (c. 12), s. 1(1), Sch. 1 Pt. III The text below of parts of Schedule 28 reproduces the words in which it was originally enacted: it was not reproduced in full in Statutes in Force and except, as specified, does not reflect any amendments or repeals which may have been made prior to 1.2.1991. S. 127 repealed (18.4.2005) by Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005 (c. 11), s. 53(1), Sch. 4 para. 16, Sch. 5; S.I. 2005/1126, art. 2(2)(h)(i) S. 130 repealed (1.4.2009) by Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (c. 15), s. 148, Sch. 23 Pt. 1; S.I. 2008/2696, art. 6(c)