AS Title 24, Chapter 45: Regulation of Lobbying

Article 1. Legislative Declaration of Purpose. Chapter 45. Regulation of Lobbying. Sec. 24.45.010. [Repealed, § 1 ch 167 SLA 1976.] Sec. 24.45.011. Purpose. The legislature finds and declares that the operation of responsible representative democracy requires that the fullest opportunity be afforded to the people to petition their government for the redress of grievances and to express freely to individual members of the legislature, to its committees, and to officials of the executive branch, their opinions on pending legislation or administrative actions; and that the people are entitled to know the identity, income, expenditures, and activities of those persons who pay, are paid or reimbursed for expenses, or who make expenditures or other payments in an effort to influence legislative or administrative action. Sec. 24.45.020. [Repealed, § 1 ch 167 SLA 1976.] Article 2. Administration. Sec. 24.45.021. Administration. (a) This chapter shall be administered by the Alaska Public Offices Commission created under AS 15.13.020 (a). (b) The commission shall adopt regulations under AS 44.62 (Administrative Procedure Act) to implement the provisions of this chapter. Sec. 24.45.030. [Repealed, § 1 ch 167 SLA 1976.] Sec. 24.45.031. Powers and duties. (a) In addition to its other duties under this chapter, the commission shall (1) prescribe the forms for registration, reports, statements, notices, and other documents required by this chapter; (2) prepare and publish instructions setting out the methods of accounting, bookkeeping, and preservation of records required to facilitate compliance with and enforcement of this chapter and explaining the duties of persons subject to the provisions of this chapter; the instructions shall be updated periodically; (3) provide assistance to persons in complying with the provisions of this chapter; (4) prepare and publish a biennial report of its activities, findings, and recommendations under this chapter, which shall be made available to the governor, legislature, and to the public by February 1 of each odd-numbered calendar year; the commission shall notify the legislature that the report is available; (5) report suspected violations of this chapter to the attorney general; (6) administer an annually updated training course that promotes adherence to high ethical standards of professional conduct and teaches lobbyists and employers of lobbyists how to comply with laws that regulate lobbyists. (b) The commission may (1) hold hearings and conduct investigations into compliance with the provisions of this chapter; (2) in conjunction with (1) of this subsection, issue subpoenas, compel the attendance and testimony of witnesses, administer oaths and affirmations, and require the production of books, papers, records, documents, or other items material to the commission's duties or powers under this chapter; (3) prepare, publish, and make available to the public, periodic, but at least biannually, summaries of the statements and reports received; these summaries shall list separately individual lobbyists and employers of lobbyists. Article 3. Disclosure: Registration and Reports. Sec. 24.45.040. [Repealed, § 1 ch 167 SLA 1976.] Sec. 24.45.041. Registration; disqualification. (a) Before engaging in lobbying, a lobbyist shall file a registration statement on a form prescribed by the commission. (b) The registration form prescribed by the commission must include (1) the lobbyist's full name and complete permanent residence and business address and telephone number, as well as any temporary residential and business address and telephone number in the state capital during a legislative session; (2) the full name and complete address of each person by whom the lobbyist is retained or employed; (3) whether the person from whom the lobbyist receives compensation employs the person solely as a lobbyist or whether the person is a regular employee performing other services for the employer that include but are not limited to the influencing of legislative or administrative action; (4) the nature or form of the lobbyist's compensation for engaging in lobbying, including salary, fees, or reimbursement for expenses received in consideration for, or directly in support of or in connection with, the influencing of legislative or administrative action; (5) a general description of the subjects or matters on which the registrant expects to lobby or to engage in the influencing of legislative or administrative action; (6) the full name and complete address of the person, if other than the registrant, who has custody of the accounts, books, papers, bills, receipts, and other documents required to be maintained under this chapter; (7) the identification of a legislative employee or public official to whom the lobbyist is married or who is the domestic partner of the lobbyist; (8) a sworn affirmation by the lobbyist that the lobbyist has completed the training course administered by the commission under AS 24.45.031 (a) within the 12-month period preceding the date of registration or registration renewal under this chapter, except that this paragraph does not apply to a person who is a representational lobbyist as defined under regulations of the commission; (9) a sworn affirmation by the lobbyist that the lobbyist has not been previously convicted of a felony involving moral turpitude; in this paragraph, “felony involving moral turpitude” has the meaning given in AS 15.80.010 , and includes convictions for a violation of the law of this state or a violation of the law of another jurisdiction with elements similar to a felony involving moral turpitude in this state. (c) At the option of the registrant, the registration form may be accompanied by four two and one-half inch by two and one-half inch black and white photographs of the lobbyist. The photographs may not be more than five years old. These photographs shall be included in the directory published under (e) of this section. (d) If a change occurs in any of the information contained in a registration statement filed under (a) of this section, or in any accompanying document, an appropriate amendment shall be filed with the commission within 10 days after the change. (e) Within 15 days after the convening of each regular session of the legislature, the commission shall publish a directory of registered lobbyists, containing the information prescribed in (b) of this section for each lobbyist and the photograph, if any, furnished by a lobbyist under (c) of this section. From time to time thereafter, the commission shall publish those supplements to the directory that in the commission's judgment may be necessary. The directory shall be made available to public officials and to the public at the following locations: a public place adjacent to the legislative chambers in the state capitol building, the office of the lieutenant governor, the legislative reference library of the Legislative Affairs Agency, and the commission's central office. (f) Each lobbyist shall renew the registration annually by filing a new registration statement together with a new authorization to act as a lobbyist before engaging in lobbying. The lobbyist also shall file any reports or statements the lobbyist has failed to file for a previous reporting period. The commission may not renew lobbying credentials until this provision is complied with. (g) An application for registration as a lobbyist under (a) of this section or for renewal of a registration under (f) of this section is subject to a fee of $250. The commission may not accept an application for registration or renew a registration until the fee is paid. This subsection does not apply to a volunteer lobbyist under AS 24.45.161 or a representational lobbyist under regulations of the commission. (h) Upon request of the commission, information required under this section shall be submitted electronically. (i) A person may not register if the person has been previously convicted of a felony involving moral turpitude in violation of a law of this state or the law of another jurisdiction with elements similar to a felony involving moral turpitude in this state. (j) In this section, (1) “felony involving moral turpitude” has the meaning given in AS 15.80.010 ; (2) “previously convicted” means the defendant entered a plea of guilty, no contest, or nolo contendere, or has been found guilty by a court or jury; “previously convicted” does not include a conviction that has been set aside under AS 12.55.085 or a similar procedure in another jurisdiction, or that has been reversed or vacated by a court. Sec. 24.45.050. [Repealed, § 1 ch 167 SLA 1976.] Sec. 24.45.051. Reports. (a) Each lobbyist registered under AS 24.45.041 shall file with the commission a report concerning the lobbyist's activities during each reporting period prescribed in AS 24.45.081 , so long as the lobbyist continues to engage in lobbying activities. The report shall be made on a form prescribed by the commission and filed in accordance with AS 24.45.071 and 24.45.081. Upon request of the commission, information required under this section shall be submitted electronically. The report also must include any changes in the information required to be supplied under AS 24.45.041 (b) and the following information for the reporting period, as applicable: (1) the source of income, as defined in AS 39.50.200 (a) and the monetary value of all payments, including but not limited to salary, fees, and reimbursement of expenses, received in consideration for or directly or indirectly in support of or in connection with influencing legislative or administrative action, and the full name and complete address of each person from whom amounts or things of value have been received and the total monetary value received from each person; (2) the aggregate amount of disbursements or expenditures made or incurred during the period in support of or in connection with influencing legislative or administrative action by the lobbyist, or on behalf of the lobbyist by the lobbyist's employer in the following categories: (A) food and beverages; (B) living accommodations; (C) travel; (3) the date and nature of any gift exceeding $100 in value made to a public official and the full name and official position of that person; (4) the name and official position of each public official, and the name of each member of the immediate family of any of these officials, with whom the lobbyist has engaged in an exchange of money, goods, services, or anything of more than $100 in value and the nature and date of each of these exchanges and the monetary values exchanged; (5) the name and address of any business entity in which the lobbyist knows or has reason to know that a public official is a proprietor, partner, director, officer or manager, or has a controlling interest, and whom the lobbyist has engaged in an exchange of money, goods, services, or anything of value and the nature and date of each exchange and the monetary value exchanged if the total value of these exchanges is $100 or more in a calendar year; and (6) a notice of termination if the lobbyist has ceased the lobbying activity that required registration under this chapter and if this report constitutes the final report of the lobbyist's activities. (b) [Repealed, § 13 ch. 61 SLA 2018.] Sec. 24.45.060. [Repealed, § 1 ch 167 SLA 1976.] Sec. 24.45.061. Reports by employers of lobbyists. (a) Within 15 days after employing, retaining, or contracting for the employment or retention of a lobbyist, the person who employs, retains, or who contracts for the services of a lobbyist shall file a statement with the commission authorizing or verifying that employment, retention, or contract for lobbying services. (b) A person who employs, retains, or who contracts for the services of one or more lobbyists, whether independently or jointly with other persons, and who directly or indirectly makes payments to influence legislative or administrative action shall file a quarterly report containing (1) the full name, complete business address and telephone number of the person making the report; (2) information sufficient to identify the nature and interests of the person making the report; (3) the total amount of payments made to influence legislative or administrative action during the period, and the name and address of each person to whom these payments have been made during the period by the maker of the report, together with the date and amount; (4) the date and nature of any gift exceeding $100 in value made to any public official and the full name and official position of the recipient of each gift; (5) a general description of the legislative or administrative action that the person making the report has attempted to influence; (6) the name of each lobbyist employed or retained by the person making the report, together with the total amount paid to each lobbyist and the portion of that amount, if any, that was paid for specific purposes, including salary, fees, and reimbursement for expenses; and (7) a notice of termination if the person filing a report has ceased employing or retaining a lobbyist registered under this chapter and if this report constitutes the final report of the lobbyist's activities on behalf of the maker of the report. (c) Upon request of the commission, information required under this section shall be submitted electronically. Sec. 24.45.070. [Repealed, § 1 ch 167 SLA 1976.] Sec. 24.45.071. Certification of reports. Every statement or report required to be filed under this chapter must identify the full name of the person preparing it, the person's complete address and telephone number, and shall be certified as complete and correct, both by the person preparing it and by the person on whose behalf it is filed. Sec. 24.45.080. [Repealed, § 1 ch 167 SLA 1976.] Sec. 24.45.081. Reporting periods. Reports required under this chapter shall be filed during the calendar month following each calendar month during any part of which the legislature was in session and during the month following each calendar quarter when the legislature was not in session. However, if a lobbyist registered under this chapter has declared that the lobbyist seeks only to influence administrative action and not legislative action the lobbyist need only file a report required under this chapter for each calendar quarter. The period covered shall be the calendar month or the calendar quarter, as applicable, and shall in any event cover the period from the date of the last report filed under this chapter to the date of the end of the calendar month or quarter, as applicable, for which the report is being filed. The period covered shall not include any months covered in previous reports filed by the same person. When total amounts are required to be reported, totals shall be stated both for the period covered by the statement and for the entire calendar year to date. Sec. 24.45.090. [Repealed, § 1 ch 167 SLA 1976.] Sec. 24.45.091. Publication of reports. Copies of the statements and reports filed under this chapter shall be made available to the public at the commission's central office, the office of the lieutenant governor, the legislative reference library of the Legislative Affairs Agency, and at the commission's district offices prescribed in AS 15.13.020 (j) as soon as practicable after each reporting period. Sec. 24.45.100. [Repealed, § 1 ch 167 SLA 1976.] Sec. 24.45.101. Public records. Statements and reports filed under this chapter are public records and shall be available for public inspection and copying during normal business hours at the expense of the person requesting copies; however, the charge for copying may not exceed actual cost to the commission. Sec. 24.45.110. [Repealed, § 1 ch 167 SLA 1976.] Sec. 24.45.111. Preservation of records. (a) A person required to register or report as a lobbyist or as a person who employs, retains, or contracts for the services of a lobbyist shall preserve all accounts, bills, receipts, books, papers, and documents necessary to substantiate the reports required to be made and filed under this chapter for a period of at least six years from the date of the filing of the report containing these items. These accounts, bills, receipts, books, papers, and other documents shall be made available for inspection by the commission, or members of its staff, at any time. If a lobbyist is required under the terms of the lobbyist's employment contract to turn any records over to the employer, responsibility for the preservation of these records under this section rests with the employer. (b) The commission shall preserve the statements and reports required to be filed under this chapter for a period of six years from the date of filing. If the commission's central office is not in the state capital, copies of all statements and reports filed under this chapter shall be maintained in an office established by the commission in the state capital or in the office of the lieutenant governor. Sec. 24.45.116. Disclosure of contributions. A civic league or organization shall report the total amount of contributions received for the reporting period and, for any contribution over $100, the name of the contributor and the amount contributed. The civic league or organization may establish a separate fund to account for receipts and expenditures arising out of activities to influence legislative action. Reports shall be made on a form provided by the commission on February 10, April 25, and July 10 of each year, listing contributions received during the period that ended 10 days earlier. Upon request of the commission, information required under this section shall be submitted electronically. Article 4. Penalties and Enforcement. Sec. 24.45.120. [Repealed, § 1 ch 167 SLA 1976.] Sec. 24.45.121. Prohibitions. (a) A lobbyist may not (1) engage in any activity as a lobbyist before registering under AS 24.45.041 ; (2) do anything with the intent of placing a public official under personal obligation to the lobbyist or to the lobbyist's employer; (3) intentionally deceive or attempt to deceive any public official with regard to any material fact pertinent to pending or proposed legislative or administrative action; (4) cause or influence the introduction of a legislative measure solely for the purpose of thereafter being employed to secure its passage or its defeat; (5) cause a communication to be sent to a public official in the name of any fictitious person or in the name of any real person, except with the consent of that person; (6) accept or agree to accept any payment in any way contingent upon the defeat, enactment, or outcome of any proposed legislative or administrative action; (7) serve as a member of a state board or commission, if the lobbyist's employer may receive direct economic benefit from a decision of that board or commission; (8) serve as a campaign manager or director, serve as a campaign treasurer or deputy campaign treasurer on a finance or fund-raising committee, host a fund-raising event, directly or indirectly collect contributions for, or deliver contributions to, a candidate, or otherwise engage in the fund-raising activity of a legislative campaign or campaign for governor or lieutenant governor if the lobbyist has registered, or is required to register, as a lobbyist under this chapter, during the calendar year; this paragraph does not apply to a representational lobbyist as defined in the regulations of the Alaska Public Offices Commission, and does not prohibit a lobbyist from making personal contributions to a candidate as authorized by AS 15.13 or personally advocating on behalf of a candidate; (9) offer, solicit, initiate, facilitate, or provide to or on behalf of a person covered by AS 24.60 a gift, other than food or a nonalcoholic beverage for immediate consumption under AS 24.60.080 (a)(2)(A), or a compassionate gift under AS 24.60.075 ; however, this paragraph does not prohibit a lobbyist from providing (A) a gift to a legislator or legislative employee who is a member of the lobbyist's immediate family as defined in AS 24.60.990 (a), if the gift is unconnected to the recipient's legislative status; (B) tickets to a charity event described in AS 24.60.080 (a)(2)(B); or (C) a contribution to a charity event under AS 24.60.080 (c)(10); (10) make or offer a gift or a campaign contribution whose acceptance by the person to whom it is offered would violate AS 24.60 or AS 39.52 . (b) A person may not employ for pay or any consideration, or pay or agree to pay consideration to, a person to lobby who is not registered under AS 24.45.041 unless that person registers and that person does in fact so register before engaging in lobbying. (c) A former member of the legislature may not engage in activity as a lobbyist before the legislature for a period of one year after the former member has left the legislature. This subsection does not prohibit a former member from acting as a volunteer lobbyist described in AS 24.45.161 (a)(1) or a representational lobbyist as defined under regulations of the commission. (d) An individual may not, at any time that AS 39.52 prohibits that individual from engaging in activity as a lobbyist, register as a lobbyist under this chapter or engage in any activity as a lobbyist. This subsection does not prohibit registration or service as a volunteer lobbyist described in AS 24.45.161 (a)(1) or a representational lobbyist, as defined in regulation by the commission. (e) The spouse or domestic partner of a legislator may not engage in activity as a lobbyist. This subsection does not prohibit the spouse or domestic partner from acting as a volunteer lobbyist under AS 24.45.161 (a)(1) or a representational lobbyist, as defined in regulation by the commission. Sec. 24.45.130. [Repealed, § 1 ch 167 SLA 1976.] Sec. 24.45.131. Examination of statements, reports. (a) The commission or its staff shall examine each statement or report filed under this chapter within 10 days after the date it is filed. A person required to file a statement or report under this chapter shall be notified immediately if (1) it appears that the person has failed to file a statement or report as required by law or that the statement or report filed does not conform to the requirements of this chapter; or (2) a written complaint is filed with the commission by any person alleging that a statement or report filed with the commission does not conform to the requirements of this chapter, or to the truth, or that a person subject to the provisions of this chapter has failed to file a statement or report in the manner prescribed by this chapter. (b) The commission shall conduct an investigation, and may thereafter conduct a hearing, into an allegation under (a)(2) of this section. (c) The commission shall report any suspected violations of this chapter to the attorney general, to a district attorney in the judicial district where the alleged violation occurred, or to a grand jury. (d) If a member of the commission files a complaint, that member of the commission may not participate in any proceeding of the commission relating to the complaint. Sec. 24.45.135. Administrative complaints. (a) A person may file a written complaint alleging that a violation of AS 24.45.121 — 24.45.171 has occurred or is occurring. (b) Complaints filed under (a) of this section must be filed within five years after the date of the alleged violation. Sec. 24.45.140. [Repealed, § 1 ch 167 SLA 1976.] Sec. 24.45.141. Civil penalty: Late registration, filing of required statements or reports. A person who fails to register or to file a properly completed and certified report or statement, as applicable, within the time required by this chapter is subject to a civil penalty of not more than $10 a day for each day the delinquency continues as determined by the commission subject to right of appeal to the superior court. An affidavit stating facts in mitigation may be submitted to the commission by a person against whom a civil penalty is assessed. However, the imposition of the penalties prescribed in this section or in AS 24.45.151 does not excuse the lobbyist or employer of a lobbyist from filing statements or reports required by this chapter. Sec. 24.45.150. [Repealed, § 1 ch 167 SLA 1976.] Sec. 24.45.151. Criminal penalties. (a) An individual who knowingly violates any provision of this chapter, whether acting for oneself, on behalf of an employer, or in concert with other persons, is, upon conviction, punishable by a fine of not more than $1,000, or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by both. (b) An individual who knowingly causes, participates in, aids, abets, ratifies, or confirms any violation of a provision of this chapter is, upon conviction, punishable by a fine of not more than $1,000, or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by both. (c) A person, other than an individual, who knowingly violates any provision of this chapter, whether acting for oneself, on behalf of an employer, or in concert with other persons, or who knowingly causes, participates in, aids, abets, ratifies, or confirms any violation of a provision of this chapter is, upon conviction, punishable by a fine of not more than $10,000 for each offense. (d) A person who knowingly makes a false or misleading report or statement required under this chapter is, upon conviction, punishable by a fine of not more than $1,000, or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by both. Article 5. General Provisions. Sec. 24.45.161. Exemptions. (a) This chapter does not apply to (1) an individual (A) who lobbies without payment of compensation or other consideration and makes no disbursement or expenditure for or on behalf of a public official to influence legislative or administrative action other than to pay the individual's reasonable personal travel and living expenses; and (B) who limits lobbying activities to appearances before public sessions of the legislature, or its committees or subcommittees, or to public hearings or other public proceedings of state agencies; (2) an elected or appointed state or municipal public officer or an employee of the state or a municipality acting in an official capacity or within the scope of employment; (3) any newspaper or other periodical of general circulation, book publisher, radio or television station (including an individual who owns, publishes, or is employed by that newspaper or periodical, radio or television station) that publishes news items, editorials, or other comments, or paid advertisements, that directly or indirectly urge legislative or administrative action if the newspaper, periodical, book publisher, radio or television station, or individual engages in no further or other activities in connection with urging or advocating legislative or administrative action other than to appear before public sessions of the legislature, or its committees or subcommittees, or public hearings or other public proceedings of state agencies; (4) a person who appears before the legislature or either house, or standing, special, or interim committee, in response to an invitation issued under (c) of this section. (b) Nothing in this chapter may be construed as prohibiting or affecting the rendering of professional services in drafting legislative measures or in advising clients and in rendering opinions as to the construction or effect of proposed or pending legislative or administrative action when these professional services are not otherwise connected with influencing or attempting to influence legislative or administrative action. Nor does anything in this chapter prevent members of the legislature from discussing with constituents the advisability of passing legislation then pending before, or proposed to be presented to, the legislature. (c) Either house of the legislature by resolution, or both houses of the legislature by concurrent resolution, may invite a person to appear to speak before the legislature or either house with reference to any pending matter. A standing, special, or interim committee of either house of the legislature may, upon the concurrence of a majority of its members, extend an invitation to any person to appear before the committee to give information in regard to, or explain, any matter pending before the committee. (d) An individual exempt from this chapter under (a)(1) of this section may, at the individual's option, register and report under this chapter. Sec. 24.45.171. Definitions. In this chapter, (1) “administrative action” means the proposal, drafting, development, consideration, amendment, adoption, approval, promulgation, issuance, modification, rejection, or postponement by any state agency of any rule or regulation, or any other quasi-legislative or quasi-judicial action or proceeding whether or not governed by AS 44.62 (Administrative Procedure Act); “administrative action” does not include (A) a proceeding or an action to determine the rights or duties of a person under existing statutes, regulations, or policies; (B) the issuance, amendment, or revocation of a permit, license, or entitlement for use under existing statutes, regulations, or policies by the agency authorized to issue, amend, or revoke the permit, license, or entitlement for use; (C) the enforcement of compliance with existing law or the imposition of sanctions for a violation of existing law; (D) procurement activity, including the purchase or sale of property, goods, or services by the agency or the award of a grant contract; (E) the issuance of, or ensuring compliance with, an opinion or activity related to a collective bargaining agreement including negotiating or enforcing the agreement; (2) “agency” means a state department, division, commission, board, office, bureau, institution, corporation, authority, organization, committee, council or board in the executive branch, or independent of the executive branch, of state government; (3) “commission” means the Alaska Public Offices Commission; (4) “communicate directly” means to speak with a legislator, legislative employee, or public official (A) by telephone; (B) by two-way electronic communication; or (C) in person; (5) “domestic partner” has the meaning given in AS 39.50.200 (a); (6) “gift” (A) means any payment to the extent that consideration of equal or greater value is not received; (B) includes but is not limited to (i) a loan, loan guarantee, forgiveness of a loan, payment of a loan by a third party, or an enforceable promise to make a payment except when full and adequate consideration is received; (ii) the purchase of tickets for travel or for entertainment events; and (iii) the granting of discounts or rebates for goods or services not extended to the public generally; (C) does not include (i) informational or promotional materials, including but not limited to books, reports, pamphlets, calendars, or periodicals; however, payments for travel or reimbursement for expenses may not be considered “informational material”; (ii) food and beverages consumed in places of public accommodation; (7) “immediate family” means the spouse and dependent children of an individual; (8) “individual” means a natural person; (9) “influencing legislative or administrative action” means to communicate directly for the purpose of introducing, promoting, advocating, supporting, modifying, opposing, or delaying or seeking to do the same with respect to any legislative or administrative action; (10) “legislative action” means the preparation, research, drafting, introduction, consideration, modification, amendment, approval, passage, enactment, defeat, or rejection of any bill, resolution, amendment, motion, report, nomination, appointment, or other matter by the legislature, or by a standing, interim, or special committee of the legislature, or by a member or employee of the legislature acting in an official capacity; it includes, but is not limited to, the action of the governor in approving or vetoing a bill or the action of the legislature in considering, overriding, or sustaining that veto and the action of the legislature in considering, confirming, or rejecting an executive appointment of the governor; (11) “lobbyist” means a person who (A) is employed and receives payments, or who contracts for economic consideration, including reimbursement for reasonable travel and living expenses, to communicate directly or through the person's agents with any public official for the purpose of influencing legislation or administrative action for more than 10 hours in any 30-day period in one calendar year; or (B) represents oneself as engaging in the influencing of legislative or administrative action as a business, occupation, or profession; (12) “payment” means the disbursement, distribution, transfer, loan, advance, deposit, gift, or other rendering or tendering of money, property, goods, or services or anything else of value; (13) “payment to influence legislative or administrative action” means any of the following: (A) a direct or indirect payment to a lobbyist whether for salary, fee, compensation for expenses, or any other purpose, by a person employing, retaining, or contracting for the services of the lobbyist separately or jointly with other persons; (B) a payment in support of or assistance to a lobbyist or the lobbyist's activities, including but not limited to the direct payment of expenses incurred at the request or suggestion of the lobbyist; (C) a payment that directly benefits a public official or a member of the immediate family of that official; (D) a payment, including compensation, payment, or reimbursement for the services, time, or expenses of an employee for or in connection with direct communication with a public official; (E) a payment for or in connection with soliciting or urging other persons to enter into direct communication with a public official; (F) a payment or reimbursement for expenses in the categories set out in AS 24.45.051 (a)(2); (14) “person”, in addition to the terms set out in AS 01.10.060 includes a labor union; and (15) “public official” or “public officer” means a public official as defined in AS 39.50.200 (a), a member of the legislature, or a legislative director as defined in AS 24.60.990 (a); however, it does not include a judicial officer or an elected or appointed municipal officer. Sec. 24.45.181. Short title. This chapter may be cited as the Regulation of Lobbying Act.