AS Title 8, Chapter 84: Physical Therapists and Occupational Therapists

Article 1. State Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Board. Chapter 84. Physical Therapists and Occupational Therapists. Sec. 08.84.010. Creation and membership of board. (a) There is created the State Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Board, which consists of seven members. The membership consists of three physical therapists licensed in the state or two physical therapists and one physical therapist assistant licensed in the state, three occupational therapists licensed in the state or two occupational therapists and one occupational therapy assistant licensed in the state, and one lay person with no direct financial interest in the health care industry. Members of the board shall be United States citizens domiciled in the state. (b) The board shall control all matters pertaining to the licensing of physical therapists, physical therapist assistants, occupational therapists, and occupational therapy assistants and the practice of physical therapy and the practice of occupational therapy. The board shall (1) pass upon the qualifications of applicants; (2) provide for the examination of applicants; (3) issue temporary permits and licenses to persons qualified under this chapter; (4) suspend, revoke, or refuse to issue or renew a license under AS 08.84.120 ; (5) keep a current register listing the name, business address, date, and number of the license of each person who is licensed to practice under this chapter; (6) adopt regulations under AS 44.62 (Administrative Procedure Act) necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter, including regulations establishing qualifications for licensure and renewal of licensure under this chapter; (7) implement the Interstate Physical Therapy Licensure Compact under AS 08.84.188 . Sec. 08.84.020. Applicability of Administrative Procedure Act. The board shall comply with AS 44.62 (Administrative Procedure Act). Article 2. Licensing. Sec. 08.84.030. Qualifications for licensing. (a) To be eligible for licensure by the board as a physical therapist or physical therapist assistant, an applicant, unless a graduate of a foreign school of physical therapy located outside the United States, shall (1) have graduated from a professional physical therapy education program that includes supervised field work and is accredited by a national accreditation agency approved by the board; (2) pass, to the satisfaction of the board, an examination prepared by a national testing service approved by the board to determine the applicant's fitness for practice as a physical therapist or physical therapist assistant, or be entitled to licensure without examination as provided in AS 08.84.060 ; (3) meet qualifications for licensure established in regulations adopted by the board under AS 08.84.010 (b); and (4) have been fingerprinted and have provided the fees required by the Department of Public Safety under AS 12.62.160 for criminal justice information and a national criminal history record check; the fingerprints and fees shall be forwarded to the Department of Public Safety to obtain a report of criminal justice information under AS 12.62 and a national criminal history record check under AS 12.62.400 . (b) To be eligible for licensure by the board as an occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant, an applicant, unless a graduate of a foreign school of occupational therapy located outside the United States, shall (1) have graduated from a professional occupational therapy education program that includes supervised field work and is accredited by a national accreditation agency approved by the board; (2) pass, to the satisfaction of the board, an examination prepared by a national testing service approved by the board or an examination recognized by a national accreditation agency approved by the board to determine the applicant's fitness for practice as an occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant, or be entitled to licensure without examination under AS 08.84.060 ; (3) meet qualifications for licensure established in regulations adopted by the board under AS 08.84.010 (b); and (4) have been fingerprinted and have provided the fees required by the Department of Public Safety under AS 12.62.160 for criminal justice information and a national criminal history record check; the fingerprints and fees shall be forwarded to the Department of Public Safety to obtain a report of criminal justice information under AS 12.62 and a national criminal history record check under AS 12.62.400 . Sec. 08.84.032. Foreign-educated applicants. (a) To be eligible for licensure by the board as a physical therapist or physical therapist assistant, an applicant who is a graduate of a school of physical therapy that is located outside the United States shall (1) have completed, to the satisfaction of the board, a resident course of study and professional instruction substantially equivalent to a professional physical therapy education program that is accredited by a board-approved national accreditation agency in the United States; (2) have completed, to the satisfaction of the board, an internship under the continuous direction and immediate supervision of a physical therapist in an institution that ordinarily provides physical therapy and is approved by the board, for that period of time specified by the board, and furnish documentary evidence of compliance with this paragraph; (3) pass an examination recognized by the board that measures the competence of the applicant in the English language if the applicant's physical therapist or physical therapist assistant education program was not taught in English; (4) have met applicable requirements under 8 U.S.C. 1101 — 1503 (Immigration and Nationality Act), unless a United States citizen; (5) pass the examination approved by the board under AS 08.84.030 (a)(2); (6) pay the fee required under AS 08.84.050 ; (7) meet additional qualifications for licensure established in regulations adopted by the board under AS 08.84.010 (b); and (8) have been fingerprinted and have provided the fees required by the Department of Public Safety under AS 12.62.160 for criminal justice information and a national criminal history record check; the fingerprints and fees shall be forwarded to the Department of Public Safety to obtain a report of criminal justice information under AS 12.62 and a national criminal history record check under AS 12.62.400 . (b) To be eligible for licensure by the board as an occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant, an applicant who is a graduate of a school of occupational therapy that is located outside the United States shall (1) have completed, to the satisfaction of the board, a resident course of study and professional instruction substantially equivalent to a professional occupational therapy education program that is accredited by a board-approved national accreditation agency in the United States; (2) have completed, to the satisfaction of the board, supervised field work equivalent to that required under AS 08.84.030 (b); (3) pass an examination recognized by the board that measures the competence of the applicant in the English language if the applicant's occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant education program was not taught in English; (4) have met applicable requirements under 8 U.S.C. 1101 — 1503 (Immigration and Nationality Act), unless a United States citizen; (5) pass an examination approved by the board under AS 08.84.030 (b); (6) pay the fee required under AS 08.84.050 ; (7) meet additional qualifications for licensure established in regulations adopted by the board under AS 08.84.010 (b); and (8) have been fingerprinted and have provided the fees required by the Department of Public Safety under AS 12.62.160 for criminal justice information and a national criminal history record check; the fingerprints and fees shall be forwarded to the Department of Public Safety to obtain a report of criminal justice information under AS 12.62 and a national criminal history record check under AS 12.62.400 . Sec. 08.84.034. Exemption from criminal justice information and criminal history record check. A physical therapist, physical therapist assistant, occupational therapist, or occupational therapy assistant holding a valid license under this chapter on July 1, 2024, is exempt from the requirements of AS 08.84.030 (a)(4) and (b)(4) and 08.84.032(a)(8) and (b)(8), but is otherwise subject to this chapter. Sec. 08.84.035. Malpractice insurance. [Repealed, § 40 ch 177 SLA 1978.] Sec. 08.84.040. Application for license. To be licensed under this chapter to practice physical therapy or occupational therapy, an applicant shall apply to the board on a form prescribed by the board. An applicant shall include in the application evidence under oath that the applicant possesses the qualifications required by AS 08.84.030 or 08.84.032. Sec. 08.84.050. Fees. The Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development shall set fees under AS 08.01.065 for the following: (1) application; (2) license by examination; (3) license by acceptance of credentials; (4) renewal; (5) temporary permit; (6) limited permit; (7) compact privilege. Sec. 08.84.060. Licensure by acceptance of credentials. The board may license without examination an applicant who is a physical therapist, physical therapist assistant, occupational therapist, or occupational therapy assistant licensed under the laws of another state, if the requirements for licensure in that state were, at the date of the applicant's licensure, substantially equal to the requirements in this state. Sec. 08.84.065. Temporary permit. (a) The board may issue a nonrenewable temporary permit to an applicant for licensure by acceptance of credentials or by examination who (1) meets the requirements of (A) AS 08.84.030 (a)(1) or (b)(1); or (B) AS 08.84.032 (a)(2) and (4) or (b)(2) and (4); and (2) pays the required fee. (b) A temporary permit issued to an applicant for licensure by acceptance of credentials is valid for eight months or until the board considers the applicant's application for acceptance of credentials, whichever occurs first. (c) A temporary permit issued to an applicant for licensure as a physical therapist or physical therapist assistant by examination is valid for eight months or until the results of the first examination for which the applicant is scheduled are published, whichever occurs first. If the applicant fails to take the first examination for which the applicant is scheduled, the applicant's temporary permit lapses the day of the examination. (d) A temporary permit issued to an applicant who is a graduate of a foreign school of physical therapy or occupational therapy located outside the United States is valid until the results of the first examination for which the applicant is scheduled are published following completion of the internship required under AS 08.84.032 . (e) A temporary permit issued to an applicant for licensure as an occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant by examination is valid for eight months or until the results of the examination for which the applicant is scheduled are published, whichever occurs first. If the applicant fails to take an examination for which the applicant is scheduled the applicant's temporary permit lapses on the day of the examination. Sec. 08.84.070. Registration fee. [Repealed, § 8 ch 49 SLA 1969.] Sec. 08.84.075. Limited permit. (a) The board may issue a limited permit to a person to practice occupational therapy in the state as a visiting, nonresident occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant, if the person (1) applies on the form provided by the board; (2) has not previously been denied occupational therapy licensure in the state; (3) is licensed to practice occupational therapy in another state or satisfies the requirements for certification by the American Occupational Therapy Association; (4) provides proof satisfactory to the board that the person will not practice in the state for more than 120 days in the calendar year for which the permit is issued; and (5) pays the fee required under AS 08.84.050 . (b) The board may issue a limited permit to a person to practice physical therapy in the state as a visiting, nonresident physical therapist or physical therapist assistant, if the person (1) applies on the form provided by the board; (2) has not previously been denied physical therapy licensure in the state; (3) is licensed to practice physical therapy in another state; (4) provides proof satisfactory to the board that the person will not practice in the state for more than 120 days in the calendar year for which the permit is issued; and (5) pays the fee required under AS 08.84.050 . (c) A limited permit is valid for a period of 120 consecutive days in a calendar year. (d) A person may not receive more than (1) one limited permit to practice occupational therapy or physical therapy in a 12-month period; and (2) three limited permits to practice occupational therapy or physical therapy during the person's lifetime. Sec. 08.84.080. Examinations. The board shall examine applicants for licensure under this chapter at the times and places it determines. Sec. 08.84.090. Licensure. The board shall license an applicant who meets the qualifications for licensure under this chapter and shall issue a license certificate to each person licensed. A license certificate is prima facie evidence of the right of the person to hold out as a licensed physical therapist, licensed physical therapist assistant, licensed occupational therapist, or licensed occupational therapy assistant. Sec. 08.84.100. Renewal of license. (a) [Repealed, § 49 ch 94 SLA 1987.] (b) If a license remains lapsed for more than three years, the board may require the applicant to submit proof, satisfactory to the board, of continued competency. (c) A license may not be renewed unless the applicant submits proof of continued competence to practice physical therapy or occupational therapy in a manner established by the board in regulations adopted under AS 08.84.010 (b). Sec. 08.84.110. Renewal fee. [Repealed, § 8 ch 49 SLA 1969.] Sec. 08.84.120. Refusal, revocation, and suspension of license; discipline. (a) The board may refuse to license an applicant, may refuse to renew the license of a person, may discipline a person, and may suspend or revoke the license of a person who (1) has obtained or attempted to obtain a license by fraud or material misrepresentation; (2) uses drugs or alcohol in a manner that affects the person's ability to practice physical therapy or occupational therapy competently and safely; (3) has been convicted of a state or federal felony or other crime that affects the person's ability to practice competently and safely; (4) is guilty, in the judgment of the board, of gross negligence or malpractice or has engaged in conduct contrary to the recognized standards of ethics of the physical therapy profession or the occupational therapy profession; (5) has continued to practice physical therapy or occupational therapy after becoming unfit because of physical or mental disability; (6) has failed to refer a patient to another qualified professional when the patient's condition is beyond the training or ability of the person; (7) as a physical therapist assistant, has attempted to practice physical therapy that has not been initiated, supervised, and terminated by a licensed physical therapist; (8) as an occupational therapy assistant, has attempted to practice occupational therapy that has not been supervised by a licensed occupational therapist; or (9) has failed to comply with this chapter, a regulation adopted under this chapter, or an order of the board. (b) The refusal or suspension of a license may be modified or rescinded if the person has been rehabilitated to the satisfaction of the board. (c) The board may not impose disciplinary sanctions on a licensee for the evaluation, diagnosis, or treatment of a person through audio, video, or data communications when physically separated from the person if the licensee (1) or another licensed health care provider is available to provide follow-up care; (2) requests that the person consent to sending a copy of all records of the encounter to a primary care provider if the licensee is not the person's primary care provider and, if the person consents, the licensee sends the records to the person's primary care provider; and (3) meets the requirements established by the board in regulation. (d) The board shall adopt regulations restricting the evaluation, diagnosis, supervision, and treatment of a person as authorized under (c) of this section by establishing standards of care, including standards for training, confidentiality, supervision, practice, and related issues. Article 3. Unlawful Acts. Sec. 08.84.130. False claim of license prohibited. (a) A person not licensed as a physical therapist, or whose license is suspended or revoked or has lapsed, who uses in connection with the person's name the words or letters “P.T.,” “Physical Therapist,” “L.P.T.,” “Licensed Physical Therapist,” or other letters, words, or insignia indicating or implying that the person is a licensed physical therapist, or who, in any way, orally or in writing, directly or by implication, holds out as a licensed physical therapist, is guilty of a class B misdemeanor. (b) A person not licensed as a physical therapist assistant, or whose license is suspended or revoked or has lapsed, who, in any way, orally or in writing, directly or by implication, holds out as a licensed physical therapist assistant is guilty of a class B misdemeanor. (c) A person not licensed as an occupational therapist, or whose license is suspended or revoked, or whose license is lapsed, who uses in connection with the person's name the words “Licensed Occupational Therapist,” or other letters, words, or insignia indicating or implying that the person is a licensed occupational therapist, or who orally or in writing, directly or by implication, holds out as a licensed occupational therapist is guilty of a class B misdemeanor. (d) A person not licensed as an occupational therapy assistant, or whose license is suspended or revoked, or whose license is lapsed, who orally or in writing, directly or by implication, holds out as a licensed occupational therapy assistant is guilty of a class B misdemeanor. Sec. 08.84.140. Penalty for fraud in obtaining license. A person who wilfully makes a false oath or affirmation or who obtains or attempts to obtain a license by a fraudulent representation is guilty of a class B misdemeanor. Sec. 08.84.150. License required; exceptions. (a) It is unlawful for a person to practice physical therapy without being licensed under this chapter unless the person is (1) a student in an accredited physical therapy program; (2) a graduate of a foreign school of physical therapy fulfilling the internship requirement of AS 08.84.032 , and then only unless under the continuous direction and immediate supervision of a physical therapist; (3) issued a limited permit under AS 08.84.075 ; or (4) granted a compact privilege under AS 08.84.188 . (b) A person may not provide services that the person describes as occupational therapy without being licensed under this chapter unless the person is (1) a student in an accredited occupational therapy program or in a supervised field work program; (2) a graduate of a foreign school of occupational therapy fulfilling the internship requirement of AS 08.84.032 , and then only unless under the continuous direction and immediate supervision of an occupational therapist; (3) an occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant employed by the United States government while in the discharge of official duties; (4) granted a limited permit under AS 08.84.075 ; (5) licensed under this title and uses occupational therapy skills in the practice of the profession for which the license is issued; or (6) employed as a teacher or teacher's aide by an educational institution and is required to use occupational therapy skills during the course of employment, if (A) the occupational therapy skills are used under a program implemented by the employer and developed by a licensed occupational therapist; (B) the employer maintains direct supervision of the person's use of occupational therapy skills; and (C) the person does not represent to (i) be an occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant; and (ii) practice occupational therapy. Sec. 08.84.160. Scope of authorized practice. This chapter does not authorize a person to practice medicine, osteopathy, chiropractic, or other method of healing, but only to practice physical therapy or occupational therapy. Sec. 08.84.170. Penalty. [Repealed, § 7 ch 46 SLA 1986.] Sec. 08.84.180. Investigation. The board shall request appropriate authorities to conduct investigations of every supposed violation of this chapter coming to its notice and shall report all cases that in the judgment of the board warrant prosecution to the proper law enforcement officials. Sec. 08.84.185. Limits or conditions on license; discipline. [Repealed, § 49 ch 94 SLA 1987. For current law, see AS 08.01.075 .] Article 4. Interstate Physical Therapy Licensure Compact. Sec. 08.84.188. Compact enacted. The Interstate Physical Therapy Licensure Compact as contained in this section is enacted into law and entered into on behalf of the state with all other states and jurisdictions legally joining it in a form substantially as follows: SECTION 1. PURPOSE The purpose of this Compact is to facilitate interstate practice of physical therapy with the goal of improving public access to physical therapy services. The practice of physical therapy occurs in the state where the patient or client is located at the time of the patient/client encounter. The Compact preserves the regulatory authority of states to protect public health and safety through the current system of state licensure. This Compact is designed to achieve the following objectives: (1) Increase public access to physical therapy services by providing for the mutual recognition of other member state licenses; (2) Enhance the states' ability to protect the public's health and safety; (3) Encourage the cooperation of member states in regulating multi-state physical therapy practice; (4) Support spouses of relocating military members; (5) Enhance the exchange of licensure, investigative, and disciplinary information between member states; and (6) Allow a remote state to hold a provider of services with a compact privilege in that state accountable to that state's practice standards. SECTION 2. DEFINITIONS As used in this Compact, and except as otherwise provided, the following definitions shall apply: (1) “Active duty military” means full-time duty status in the active uniformed service of the United States, including members of the National Guard and Reserve on active duty orders pursuant to 10 U.S.C. Chapter 1209 and 1211. (2) “Adverse action” means disciplinary action taken by a physical therapy licensing board based upon misconduct, unacceptable performance, or a combination of both. (3) “Alternative program” means a non-disciplinary monitoring or practice remediation process approved by a physical therapy licensing board. This includes substance abuse issues. (4) “Compact privilege” means the authorization granted by a remote state to allow a licensee from another member state to practice as a physical therapist or work as a physical therapist assistant in the remote state under its laws and rules. The practice of physical therapy occurs in the member state where the patient or client is located at the time of the patient/client encounter. (5) “Continuing competence” means a requirement, as a condition of license renewal, to provide evidence of participation in, and/or completion of, educational and professional activities relevant to practice or area of work. (6) “Data system” means a repository of information about licensees, including examination, licensure, investigative, compact privilege, and adverse action. (7) “Encumbered license” means a license that a physical therapy licensing board has limited in any way. (8) “Executive Board” means a group of directors elected or appointed to act on behalf of, and within the powers granted to them by, the Commission. (9) “Home state” means the member state that is the licensee's primary state of residence. (10) “Investigative information” means information, records, and documents received or generated by a physical therapy licensing board pursuant to an investigation. (11) “Jurisprudence requirement” means the assessment of an individual's knowledge of the laws and rules governing the practice of physical therapy in a state. (12) “Licensee” means an individual who currently holds an authorization from the state to practice as a physical therapist or to work as a physical therapist assistant. (13) “Member state” means a state that has enacted the Compact. (14) “Party state” means any member state in which a licensee holds a current license or compact privilege or is applying for a license or compact privilege. (15) “Physical therapist” means an individual who is licensed by a state to practice physical therapy. (16) “Physical therapist assistant” means an individual who is licensed or certified by a state and who assists the physical therapist in selected components of physical therapy. (17) “Physical therapy,” “physical therapy practice,” and “the practice of physical therapy” mean the care and services provided by or under the direction and supervision of a licensed physical therapist. (18) “Physical Therapy Compact Commission” or “Commission” means the national administrative body whose membership consists of all states that have enacted the Compact. (19) “Physical therapy licensing board” or “licensing board” means the agency of a state that is responsible for the licensing and regulation of physical therapists and physical therapist assistants. (20) “Remote state” means a member state other than the home state, where a licensee is exercising or seeking to exercise the compact privilege. (21) “Rule” means a regulation, principle, or directive promulgated by the Commission that has the force of law. (22) “State” means any state, commonwealth, district, or territory of the United States of America that regulates the practice of physical therapy. SECTION 3. STATE PARTICIPATION IN THE COMPACT (a) To participate in the Compact, a state must: (1) Participate fully in the Commission's data system, including using the Commission's unique identifier as defined in rules; (2) Have a mechanism in place for receiving and investigating complaints about licensees; (3) Notify the Commission, in compliance with the terms of the Compact and rules, of any adverse action or the availability of investigative information regarding a licensee; (4) Fully implement a criminal background check requirement, within a time frame established by rule, by receiving the results of the Federal Bureau of Investigation record search on criminal background checks and use the results in making licensure decisions in accordance with Section 3(b); (5) Comply with the rules of the Commission; (6) Utilize a recognized national examination as a requirement for licensure pursuant to the rules of the Commission; and (7) Have continuing competence requirements as a condition for license renewal. (b) Upon adoption of this statute, the member state shall have the authority to obtain biometric-based information from each physical therapy licensure applicant and submit this information to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for a criminal background check in accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 534 and 34 U.S.C. § 40316. (c) A member state shall grant the compact privilege to a licensee holding a valid unencumbered license in another member state in accordance with the terms of the Compact and rules. (d) Member states may charge a fee for granting a compact privilege. SECTION 4. COMPACT PRIVILEGE (a) To exercise the compact privilege under the terms and provisions of the Compact, the licensee shall (1) Hold a license in the home state; (2) Have no encumbrance on any state license; (3) Be eligible for a compact privilege in any member state in accordance with Section 4(d), (g) and (h); (4) Have not had any adverse action against any license or compact privilege within the previous 2 years; (5) Notify the Commission that the licensee is seeking the compact privilege within a remote state; (6) Pay any applicable fees, including any state fee, for the compact privilege; (7) Meet any jurisprudence requirements established by the remote state in which the licensee is seeking a compact privilege; and (8) Report to the Commission adverse action taken by any non-member state within 30 days from the date the adverse action is taken. (b) The compact privilege is valid until the expiration date of the home license. The licensee must comply with the requirements of Section 4(a) to maintain the compact privilege in the remote state. (c) A licensee providing physical therapy in a remote state under the compact privilege shall function within the laws and regulations of the remote state. (d) A licensee providing physical therapy in a remote state is subject to that state's regulatory authority. A remote state may, in accordance with due process and that state's laws, remove a licensee's compact privilege in the remote state for a specific period of time, impose fines, and/or take any other necessary actions to protect the health and safety of its citizens. The licensee is not eligible for a compact privilege in any state until the specific time for removal has passed and all fines are paid. (e) If a home state license is encumbered, the licensee shall lose the compact privilege in any remote state until the following occur: (1) The home state license is no longer encumbered; and (2) Two years have elapsed from the date of the adverse action. (f) Once an encumbered license in the home state is restored to good standing, the licensee must meet the requirements of Section 4(a) to obtain a compact privilege in any remote state. (g) If a licensee's compact privilege in any remote state is removed, the individual shall lose the compact privilege in any remote state until the following occur: (1) The specific period of time for which the compact privilege was removed has ended; (2) All fines have been paid; and (3) Two years have elapsed from the date of the adverse action. (h) Once the requirements of Section 4(g) have been met, the licensee must meet the requirements in Section 4(a) to obtain a compact privilege in a remote state. SECTION 5. ACTIVE DUTY MILITARY PERSONNEL OR THEIR SPOUSES A licensee who is active duty military or is the spouse of an individual who is active duty military may designate one of the following as the home state: (1) Home of record; (2) Permanent Change of Station (PCS); or (3) State of current residence if it is different than the PCS state or home of record. SECTION 6. ADVERSE ACTIONS (a) A home state shall have exclusive power to impose adverse action against a license issued by the home state. (b) A home state may take adverse action based on the investigative information of a remote state, so long as the home state follows its own procedures for imposing adverse action. (c) Nothing in this Compact shall override a member state's decision that participation in an alternative program may be used in lieu of adverse action and that such participation shall remain non-public if required by the member state's laws. Member states must require licensees who enter any alternative programs in lieu of discipline to agree not to practice in any other member state during the term of the alternative program without prior authorization from such other member state. (d) Any member state may investigate actual or alleged violations of the statutes and rules authorizing the practice of physical therapy in any other member state in which a physical therapist or physical therapist assistant holds a license or compact privilege. (e) A remote state shall have the authority to: (1) Take adverse actions as set forth in Section 4(d) against a licensee's compact privilege in the state; (2) Issue subpoenas for both hearings and investigations that require the attendance and testimony of witnesses, and the production of evidence. Subpoenas issued by a physical therapy licensing board in a party state for the attendance and testimony of witnesses, and/or the production of evidence from another party state, shall be enforced in the latter state by any court of competent jurisdiction, according to the practice and procedure of that court applicable to subpoenas issued in proceedings pending before it. The issuing authority shall pay any witness fees, travel expenses, mileage, and other fees required by the service statutes of the state where the witnesses and/or evidence are located; and (3) If otherwise permitted by state law, recover from the licensee the costs of investigations and disposition of cases resulting from any adverse action taken against that licensee. (f) Joint Investigations (1) In addition to the authority granted to a member state by its respective physical therapy practice act or other applicable state law, a member state may participate with other member states in joint investigations of licensees. (2) Member states shall share any investigative, litigation, or compliance materials in furtherance of any joint or individual investigation initiated under the Compact. SECTION 7. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PHYSICAL THERAPY COMPACT COMMISSION (a) The Compact member states hereby create and establish a joint public agency known as the Physical Therapy Compact Commission. (1) The Commission is an instrumentality of the Compact states. (2) Venue is proper and judicial proceedings by or against the Commission shall be brought solely and exclusively in a court of competent jurisdiction where the principal office of the Commission is located. The Commission may waive venue and jurisdictional defenses to the extent it adopts or consents to participate in alternative dispute resolution proceedings. (3) Nothing in this Compact shall be construed to be a waiver of sovereign immunity. (b) Membership, Voting, and Meetings (1) Each member state shall have and be limited to one delegate selected by that member state's licensing board. (2) The delegate shall be a current member of the licensing board, who is a physical therapist, physical therapist assistant, public member, or the board administrator. (3) Any delegate may be removed or suspended from office as provided by the law of the state from which the delegate is appointed. (4) The member state board shall fill any vacancy occurring in the Commission. (5) Each delegate shall be entitled to one vote with regard to the promulgation of rules and creation of bylaws and shall otherwise have an opportunity to participate in the business and affairs of the Commission. (6) A delegate shall vote in person or by such other means as provided in the bylaws. The bylaws may provide for delegates' participation in meetings by telephone or other means of communication. (7) The Commission shall meet at least once during each calendar year. Additional meetings shall be held as set forth in the bylaws. (c) The Commission shall have the following powers and duties: (1) Establish the fiscal year of the Commission; (2) Establish bylaws; (3) Maintain its financial records in accordance with the bylaws; (4) Meet and take such actions as are consistent with the provisions of this Compact and the bylaws; (5) Promulgate uniform rules to facilitate and coordinate implementation and administration of this Compact. The rules shall have the force and effect of law and shall be binding in all member states; (6) Bring and prosecute legal proceedings or actions in the name of the Commission, provided that the standing of any state physical therapy licensing board to sue or be sued under applicable law shall not be affected; (7) Purchase and maintain insurance and bonds; (8) Borrow, accept, or contract for services of personnel, including, but not limited to, employees of a member state; (9) Hire employees, elect or appoint officers, fix compensation, define duties, grant such individuals appropriate authority to carry out the purposes of the Compact, and to establish the Commission's personnel policies and programs relating to conflicts of interest, qualifications of personnel, and other related personnel matters; (10) Accept any and all appropriate donations and grants of money, equipment, supplies, materials and services, and to receive, utilize and dispose of the same; provided that at all times the Commission shall avoid any appearance of impropriety and/or conflict of interest; (11) Lease, purchase, accept appropriate gifts or donations of, or otherwise to own, hold, improve or use, any property, real, personal or mixed; provided that at all times the Commission shall avoid any appearance of impropriety; (12) Sell, convey, mortgage, pledge, lease, exchange, abandon, or otherwise dispose of any property, real, personal, or mixed; (13) Establish a budget and make expenditures; (14) Borrow money; (15) Appoint committees, including standing committees composed of members, state regulators, state legislators or their representatives, and consumer representatives, and such other interested persons as may be designated in this Compact and the bylaws; (16) Provide and receive information from, and cooperate with, law enforcement agencies; (17) Establish and elect an Executive Board; and (18) Perform such other functions as may be necessary or appropriate to achieve the purposes of this Compact consistent with the state regulation of physical therapy licensure and practice. (d) The Executive Board shall have the power to act on behalf of the Commission according to the terms of this Compact. (1) The Executive Board shall be composed of nine members: (A) Seven voting members who are elected by the Commission from the current membership of the Commission; (B) One ex-officio, nonvoting member from the recognized national physical therapy professional association; and (C) One ex-officio, nonvoting member from the recognized membership organization of the physical therapy licensing boards. (2) The ex-officio members will be selected by their respective organizations. (3) The Commission may remove any member of the Executive Board as provided in bylaws. (4) The Executive Board shall meet at least annually. (5) The Executive Board shall have the following duties and responsibilities: (A) Recommend to the entire Commission changes to the rules or bylaws, changes to this Compact legislation, fees paid by Compact member states such as annual dues, and any commission Compact fee charged to licensees for the compact privilege; (B) Ensure Compact administration services are appropriately provided, contractual or otherwise; (C) Prepare and recommend the budget; (D) Maintain financial records on behalf of the Commission; (E) Monitor Compact compliance of member states and provide compliance reports to the Commission; (F) Establish additional committees as necessary; and (G) Other duties as provided in rules or bylaws. (e) Meetings of the Commission (1) All meetings shall be open to the public, and public notice of meetings shall be given in the same manner as required under the rulemaking provisions in Section 9. (2) The Commission or the Executive Board or other committees of the Commission may convene in a closed, non-public meeting if the Commission or Executive Board or other committees of the Commission must discuss: (A) Non-compliance of a member state with its obligations under the Compact; (B) The employment, compensation, discipline or other matters, practices or procedures related to specific employees or other matters related to the Commission's internal personnel practices and procedures; (C) Current, threatened, or reasonably anticipated litigation; (D) Negotiation of contracts for the purchase, lease, or sale of goods, services, or real estate; (E) Accusing any person of a crime or formally censuring any person; (F) Disclosure of trade secrets or commercial or financial information that is privileged or confidential; (G) Disclosure of information of a personal nature where disclosure would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy; (H) Disclosure of investigative records compiled for law enforcement purposes; (I) Disclosure of information related to any investigative reports prepared by or on behalf of or for use of the Commission or other committee charged with responsibility of investigation or determination of compliance issues pursuant to the Compact; or (J) Matters specifically exempted from disclosure by federal or member state statute. (3) If a meeting, or portion of a meeting, is closed pursuant to this provision, the Commission's legal counsel or designee shall certify that the meeting may be closed and shall reference each relevant exempting provision. (4) The Commission shall keep minutes that fully and clearly describe all matters discussed in a meeting and shall provide a full and accurate summary of actions taken, and the reasons therefore, including a description of the views expressed. All documents considered in connection with an action shall be identified in such minutes. All minutes and documents of a closed meeting shall remain under seal, subject to release by a majority vote of the Commission or order of a court of competent jurisdiction. (f) Financing of the Commission (1) The Commission shall pay, or provide for the payment of, the reasonable expenses of its establishment, organization, and ongoing activities. (2) The Commission may accept any and all appropriate revenue sources, donations, and grants of money, equipment, supplies, materials, and services. (3) The Commission may levy on and collect an annual assessment from each member state or impose fees on other parties to cover the cost of the operations and activities of the Commission and its staff, which must be in a total amount sufficient to cover its annual budget as approved each year for which revenue is not provided by other sources. The aggregate annual assessment amount shall be allocated based upon a formula to be determined by the Commission, which shall promulgate a rule binding upon all member states. (4) The Commission shall not incur obligations of any kind prior to securing the funds adequate to meet the same; nor shall the Commission pledge the credit of any of the member states, except by and with the authority of the member state. (5) The Commission shall keep accurate accounts of all receipts and disbursements. The receipts and disbursements of the Commission shall be subject to the audit and accounting procedures established under its bylaws. However, all receipts and disbursements of funds handled by the Commission shall be audited yearly by a certified or licensed public accountant, and the report of the audit shall be included in and become part of the annual report of the Commission. (g) Qualified Immunity, Defense, and Indemnification (1) The members, officers, executive director, employees and representatives of the Commission shall be immune from suit and liability, either personally or in their official capacity, for any claim for damage to or loss of property or personal injury or other civil liability caused by or arising out of any actual or alleged act, error or omission that occurred, or that the person against whom the claim is made had a reasonable basis for believing occurred within the scope of Commission employment, duties or responsibilities; provided that nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to protect any such person from suit and/or liability for any damage, loss, injury, or liability caused by the intentional or willful or wanton misconduct of that person. (2) The Commission shall defend any member, officer, executive director, employee or representative of the Commission in any civil action seeking to impose liability arising out of any actual or alleged act, error, or omission that occurred within the scope of Commission employment, duties, or responsibilities, or that the person against whom the claim is made had a reasonable basis for believing occurred within the scope of Commission employment, duties, or responsibilities; provided that nothing herein shall be construed to prohibit that person from retaining his or her own counsel; and provided further, that the actual or alleged act, error, or omission did not result from that person's intentional or willful or wanton misconduct. (3) The Commission shall indemnify and hold harmless any member, officer, executive director, employee, or representative of the Commission for the amount of any settlement or judgment obtained against that person arising out of any actual or alleged act, error or omission that occurred within the scope of Commission employment, duties, or responsibilities, or that such person had a reasonable basis for believing occurred within the scope of Commission employment, duties, or responsibilities, provided that the actual or alleged act, error, or omission did not result from the intentional or willful or wanton misconduct of that person. SECTION 8. DATA SYSTEM (a) The Commission shall provide for the development, maintenance, and utilization of a coordinated database and reporting system containing licensure, adverse action, and investigative information on all licensed individuals in member states. (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of state law to the contrary, a member state shall submit a uniform data set to the data system on all individuals to whom this Compact is applicable as required by the rules of the Commission, including: (1) Identifying information; (2) Licensure data; (3) Adverse actions against a license or compact privilege; (4) Non-confidential information related to alternative program participation; (5) Any denial of application for licensure, and the reason(s) for such denial; and (6) Other information that may facilitate the administration of this Compact, as determined by the rules of the Commission. (c) Investigative information pertaining to a licensee in any member state will only be available to other party states. (d) The Commission shall promptly notify all member states of any adverse action taken against a licensee or an individual applying for a license. Adverse action information pertaining to a licensee in any member state will be available to any other member state. (e) Member states contributing information to the data system may designate information that may not be shared with the public without the express permission of the contributing state. (f) Any information submitted to the data system that is subsequently required to be expunged by the laws of the member state contributing the information shall be removed from the data system. SECTION 9. RULEMAKING (a) The Commission shall exercise its rulemaking powers pursuant to the criteria set forth in this Section and the rules adopted thereunder. Rules and amendments shall become binding as of the date specified in each rule or amendment. (b) If a majority of the legislatures of the member states rejects a rule, by enactment of a statute or resolution in the same manner used to adopt the Compact within 4 years of the date of adoption of the rule, then such rule shall have no further force and effect in any member state. (c) Rules or amendments to the rules shall be adopted at a regular or special meeting of the Commission.

(d) Prior to promulgation and adoption of a final rule or rules by the Commission, and at least thirty (30) days in advance of the meeting at which the rule will be considered and voted upon, the Commission shall file a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking: (1) On the website of the Commission or other publicly accessible platform; and (2) On the website of each member state physical therapy licensing board or other publicly accessible platform or the publication in which each state would otherwise publish proposed rules. (e) The Notice of Proposed Rulemaking shall include: (1) The proposed time, date, and location of the meeting in which the rule will be considered and voted upon; (2) The text of the proposed rule or amendment and the reason for the proposed rule; (3) A request for comments on the proposed rule from any interested person; and (4) The manner in which interested persons may submit notice to the Commission of their intention to attend the public hearing and any written comments. (f) Prior to adoption of a proposed rule, the Commission shall allow persons to submit written data, facts, opinions, and arguments, which shall be made available to the public. (g) The Commission shall grant an opportunity for a public hearing before it adopts a rule or amendment if a hearing is requested by: (1) At least twenty-five (25) persons; (2) A state or federal governmental subdivision or agency; or (3) An association having at least twenty-five (25) members. (h) If a hearing is held on the proposed rule or amendment, the Commission shall publish the place, time, and date of the scheduled public hearing. If the hearing is held via electronic means, the Commission shall publish the mechanism for access to the electronic hearing. (1) All persons wishing to be heard at the hearing shall notify the executive director of the Commission or other designated member in writing of their desire to appear and testify at the hearing not less than five (5) business days before the scheduled date of the hearing. (2) Hearings shall be conducted in a manner providing each person who wishes to comment a fair and reasonable opportunity to comment orally or in writing. (3) All hearings will be recorded. A copy of the recording will be made available on request. (4) Nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring a separate hearing on each rule. Rules may be grouped for the convenience of the Commission at hearings required by this section. (i) Following the scheduled hearing date, or by the close of business on the scheduled hearing date if the hearing was not held, the Commission shall consider all written and oral comments received. (j) If no written notice of intent to attend the public hearing by interested parties is received, the Commission may proceed with promulgation of the proposed rule without a public hearing. (k) The Commission shall, by majority vote of all members, take final action on the proposed rule and shall determine the effective date of the rule, if any, based on the rulemaking record and the full text of the rule. (l) Upon determination that an emergency exists, the Commission may consider and adopt an emergency rule without prior notice, opportunity for comment, or hearing, provided that the usual rulemaking procedures provided in the Compact and in this section shall be retroactively applied to the rule as soon as reasonably possible, in no event later than ninety (90) days after the effective date of the rule. For the purposes of this provision, an emergency rule is one that must be adopted immediately in order to: (1) Meet an imminent threat to public health, safety, or welfare; (2) Prevent a loss of Commission or member state funds; (3) Meet a deadline for the promulgation of an administrative rule that is established by federal law or rule; or (4) Protect public health and safety. (m) The Commission or an authorized committee of the Commission may direct revisions to a previously adopted rule or amendment for purposes of correcting typographical errors, errors in format, errors in consistency, or grammatical errors. Public notice of any revisions shall be posted on the website of the Commission. The revision shall be subject to challenge by any person for a period of thirty (30) days after posting. The revision may be challenged only on grounds that the revision results in a material change to a rule. A challenge shall be made in writing, and delivered to the chair of the Commission prior to the end of the notice period. If no challenge is made, the revision will take effect without further action. If the revision is challenged, the revision may not take effect without the approval of the Commission. SECTION 10. OVERSIGHT, DISPUTE RESOLUTION, AND ENFORCEMENT (a) Oversight (1) The executive, legislative, and judicial branches of state government in each member state shall enforce this Compact and take all actions necessary and appropriate to effectuate the Compact's purposes and intent. The provisions of this Compact and the rules promulgated hereunder shall have standing as statutory law. (2) All courts shall take judicial notice of the Compact and the rules in any judicial or administrative proceeding in a member state pertaining to the subject matter of this Compact which may affect the powers, responsibilities or actions of the Commission. (3) The Commission shall be entitled to receive service of process in any such proceeding, and shall have standing to intervene in such a proceeding for all purposes. Failure to provide service of process to the Commission shall render a judgment or order void as to the Commission, this Compact, or promulgated rules. (b) Default, Technical Assistance, and Termination (1) If the Commission determines that a member state has defaulted in the performance of its obligations or responsibilities under this Compact or the promulgated rules, the Commission shall: (A) Provide written notice to the defaulting state and other member states of the nature of the default, the proposed means of curing the default and/or any other action to be taken by the Commission; and (B) Provide remedial training and specific technical assistance regarding the default. (2) If a state in default fails to cure the default, the defaulting state may be terminated from the Compact upon an affirmative vote of a majority of the member states, and all rights, privileges and benefits conferred by this Compact may be terminated on the effective date of termination. A cure of the default does not relieve the offending state of obligations or liabilities incurred during the period of default. (3) Termination of membership in the Compact shall be imposed only after all other means of securing compliance have been exhausted. Notice of intent to suspend or terminate shall be given by the Commission to the governor, the majority and minority leaders of the defaulting state's legislature, and each of the member states. (4) A state that has been terminated is responsible for all assessments, obligations, and liabilities incurred through the effective date of termination, including obligations that extend beyond the effective date of termination. (5) The Commission shall not bear any costs related to a state that is found to be in default or that has been terminated from the Compact, unless agreed upon in writing between the Commission and the defaulting state. (6) The defaulting state may appeal the action of the Commission by petitioning the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia or the federal district where the Commission has its principal offices. The prevailing member shall be awarded all costs of such litigation, including reasonable attorney's fees. (c) Dispute Resolution (1) Upon request by a member state, the Commission shall attempt to resolve disputes related to the Compact that arise among member states and between member and non-member states. (2) The Commission shall promulgate a rule providing for both mediation and binding dispute resolution for disputes as appropriate. (d) Enforcement (1) The Commission, in the reasonable exercise of its discretion, shall enforce the provisions and rules of this Compact. (2) By majority vote, the Commission may initiate legal action in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia or the federal district where the Commission has its principal offices against a member state in default to enforce compliance with the provisions of the Compact and its promulgated rules and bylaws. The relief sought may include both injunctive relief and damages. In the event judicial enforcement is necessary, the prevailing member shall be awarded all costs of such litigation, including reasonable attorney's fees. (3) The remedies herein shall not be the exclusive remedies of the Commission. The Commission may pursue any other remedies available under federal or state law. SECTION 11. DATE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERSTATE COMMISSION FOR PHYSICAL THERAPY PRACTICE AND ASSOCIATED RULES, WITHDRAWAL, AND AMENDMENT (a) The Compact shall come into effect on the date on which the Compact statute is enacted into law in the tenth member state. The provisions, which become effective at that time, shall be limited to the powers granted to the Commission relating to assembly and the promulgation of rules. Thereafter, the Commission shall meet and exercise rulemaking powers necessary to the implementation and administration of the Compact. (b) Any state that joins the Compact subsequent to the Commission's initial adoption of the rules shall be subject to the rules as they exist on the date on which the Compact becomes law in that state. Any rule that has been previously adopted by the Commission shall have the full force and effect of law on the day the Compact becomes law in that state. (c) Any member state may withdraw from this Compact by enacting a statute repealing the same. (1) A member state's withdrawal shall not take effect until six (6) months after enactment of the repealing statute. (2) Withdrawal shall not affect the continuing requirement of the withdrawing state's physical therapy licensing board to comply with the investigative and adverse action reporting requirements of this act prior to the effective date of withdrawal. (d) Nothing contained in this Compact shall be construed to invalidate or prevent any physical therapy licensure agreement or other cooperative arrangement between a member state and a non-member state that does not conflict with the provisions of this Compact. (e) This Compact may be amended by the member states. No amendment to this Compact shall become effective and binding upon any member state until it is enacted into the laws of all member states. SECTION 12. CONSTRUCTION AND SEVERABILITY This Compact shall be liberally construed so as to effectuate the purposes thereof. The provisions of this Compact shall be severable and if any phrase, clause, sentence or provision of this Compact is declared to be contrary to the constitution of any party state or of the United States or the applicability thereof to any government, agency, person or circumstance is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of this Compact and the applicability thereof to any government, agency, person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby. If this Compact shall be held contrary to the constitution of any party state, the Compact shall remain in full force and effect as to the remaining party states and in full force and effect as to the party state affected as to all severable matters. Article 5. General Provisions. Sec. 08.84.190. Definitions. In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, (1) “board” means the State Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Board; (2) “occupational therapist” means a person who practices occupational therapy; (3) “occupational therapy” means, for compensation, the use of purposeful activity, evaluation, treatment, and consultation with human beings whose ability to cope with the tasks of daily living are threatened with, or impaired by developmental deficits, learning disabilities, aging, poverty, cultural differences, physical injury or illness, or psychological and social disabilities to maximize independence, prevent disability, and maintain health; “occupational therapy” includes (A) developing daily living, play, leisure, social, and developmental skills; (B) facilitating perceptual-motor and sensory intergrative functioning; (C) enhancing functional performance, prevocational skills, and work capabilities using specifically designed exercises, therapeutic activities and measures, manual intervention, and appliances; (D) design, fabrication, and application of splints or selective adaptive equipment; (E) administering and interpreting standardized and nonstandardized assessments, including sensory, manual muscle, and range of motion assessments, necessary for planning effective treatment; and (F) adapting environments for the disabled; (4) “occupational therapy assistant” means a person who assists in the practice of occupational therapy under the supervision of an occupational therapist; (5) “physical therapist” means a person who practices physical therapy; (6) “physical therapist assistant” means a person who assists in the practice of physical therapy or an aspect of physical therapy as initiated, supervised, and terminated by a licensed physical therapist; the responsibilities of a physical therapist assistant do not include evaluation. (7) “physical therapy” means the examination, treatment and instruction of human beings to detect, assess, prevent, correct, alleviate and limit physical disability, bodily malfunction, pain from injury, disease and other bodily or mental conditions and includes the administration, interpretation and evaluation of tests and measurements of bodily functions and structures; the planning, administration, evaluation and modification of treatment and instruction including the use of physical measures, activities and devices for preventive and therapeutic purposes; the provision of consultative, educational and other advisory services for the purpose of reducing the incidence and severity of physical disability, bodily malfunction and pain; “physical therapy” does not include the use of roentgen rays and radioactive materials for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes, the use of electricity for surgical purposes, and the diagnosis of disease. Sec. 08.84.200. Short title. This chapter may be cited as the Physical Therapists and Occupational Therapists Practice Act.