KRS § 342.316 Liability of employer and previous employers for occupational disease -- Claims procedure -- Administrative regulations -- Time limitations on claims -- Determination of liable employer -- Audit -- Amount of compensation -- Effect of concluded coal workers' pneumoconiosis claim.

342.316 Liability of employer and previous employers for occupational disease -- Claims procedure -- Administrative regulations -- Time limitations on claims -- Determination of liable employer -- Audit -- Amount of compensation -- Effect of concluded coal workers' pneumoconiosis claim. (1) (a) The employer liable for compensation for occupational disease shall be the employer in whose employment the employee was last exposed to the hazard of the occupational disease. During any period in which this section is applicable to a coal mine, an operator who acquired it or substantially all of its assets from a person who was its operator on and after January 1, 1973, shall be liable for, and secure the payment of, the benefits which would have been payable by the prior operator under this section with respect to miners previously employed in the mine if it had not been acquired by such later operator. At the same time, however, this subsection does not relieve the prior operator of any liability under this section. Also, it does not affect whatever rights the later operator might have against the prior operator. (b) The time of the beginning of compensation payments shall be the date of the employee's last injurious exposure to the cause of the disease, or the date of actual disability, whichever is later. (2) The procedure with respect to the giving of notice and determination of claims in occupational disease cases and the compensation and medical benefits payable for disability or death due to the disease shall be the same as in cases of accidental injury or death under the general provisions of this chapter, except that notice of claim shall be given to the employer as soon as practicable after the employee first experiences a distinct manifestation of an occupational disease in the form of symptoms reasonably sufficient to apprise the employee that he or she has contracted the disease, or a diagnosis of the disease is first communicated to him or her, whichever shall first occur. (3) The procedure for filing occupational disease claims shall be as follows: (a) The application for resolution of claim shall set forth the complete work history of the employee with a concise description of injurious exposure to a specific occupational disease, together with the name and addresses of the employer or employers with the approximate dates of employment. The application shall also include at least one (1) written medical report supporting his or her claim. This medical report shall be made on the basis of clinical or X-ray examination performed in accordance with accepted medical standards and shall contain full and complete statements of all examinations performed and the results thereof. The report shall be made by a duly-licensed physician. The commissioner shall promulgate administrative regulations which prescribe the format of the medical report required by this section and the manner in which the report shall be completed. 1. For coal-related occupational pneumoconiosis claims, each clinical examination shall include a chest X-ray interpretation by a National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) certified "B" reader. The chest X-ray upon which the report is made shall be filed with the application as well as spirometric tests when pulmonary dysfunction is alleged. 2. For other compensable occupational pneumoconiosis claims, each clinical examination shall include a chest X-ray examination and appropriate pulmonary function tests. (b) To be admissible, medical evidence offered in any proceeding under this chapter for determining a claim for occupational pneumoconiosis resulting from exposure to coal dust shall comply with accepted medical standards as follows: 1. Chest X-rays shall be of acceptable quality with respect to exposure and development and shall be indelibly labeled with the date of the X-ray and the name and Social Security number of the claimant. Physicians' reports of X-ray interpretations shall: identify the claimant by name and Social Security number; include the date of the X-ray and the date of the report; classify the X-ray interpretation using the latest ILO Classification and be accompanied by a completed copy of the latest ILO Classification report. Only interpretations by National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) certified "B" readers shall be admissible. 2. Spirometric testing shall be conducted in accordance with the standards recommended in the "Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment" and the 1978 ATS epidemiology standardization project with the exception that the predicted normal values for lung function shall not be adjusted based upon the race of the subject. The FVC or the FEV1 values shall represent the largest of such values obtained from three (3) acceptable forced expiratory volume maneuvers as corrected to BTPS (body temperature, ambient pressure and saturated with water vapor at these conditions) and the variance between the two (2) largest acceptable FVC values shall be either less than five percent (5%) of the largest FVC value or less than one hundred (100) milliliters, whichever is greater. The variance between the two (2) largest acceptable FEV1 values shall be either less than five percent (5%) of the largest FEV1 value or less than one hundred (100) milliliters, whichever is greater. Reports of spirometric testing shall include a description by the physician of the procedures utilized in conducting such spirometric testing and a copy of the spirometric chart and tracings from which spirometric values submitted as evidence were taken. If it is shown that the spirometric testing is not valid due to inadequate cooperation or poor effort on the part of the claimant, the claimant's right to take or prosecute any proceedings under this chapter shall be suspended until the refusal or obstruction ceases. No compensation shall be payable for the period during which the refusal or obstruction continues. 3. The commissioner shall promulgate administrative regulations pursuant to KRS Chapter 13A as necessary to effectuate the purposes of this section. The commissioner shall periodically review the applicability of the spirometric test values contained in the "Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment" and may by administrative regulation substitute other spirometric test values which are found to be more closely representative of the normal pulmonary function of the coal mining population. 4. The procedure for determination of occupational disease claims shall be as follows: a. Immediately upon receipt of an application for resolution of claim, the commissioner shall notify the responsible employer and all other interested parties and shall furnish them with a full and complete copy of the application. b. The commissioner shall assign the claim to an administrative law judge and shall promptly refer the employee to a duly qualified "B" reader physician who is licensed in the Commonwealth and is a board-certified pulmonary specialist as set forth pursuant to KRS 342.315 and 342.794(1). The report from this examination shall be provided to all parties of record. The employee shall not be referred by the commissioner for examination within two (2) years following any prior referral for examination for the same disease. c. The commissioner shall develop a procedure to annually audit the performance of physicians and facilities that are selected to perform examinations pursuant to this section. The audit shall include an evaluation of the physician and facility with respect to the timeliness and completeness of the reports and the frequency at which the physician's classification of an X-ray differs from those of the other physicians of that X-ray. The commissioner shall remove a physician or facility from selection consideration if the physician or facility consistently renders incomplete or untimely reports or if the physician's interpretations of X-rays are not in conformity with the readings of other physicians of record at least fifty percent (50%) of the time. The report required under this subdivision shall be provided to the Interim Joint Committee on Economic Development and Workforce Investment on or before July 1, 2019, and on or before July 1 of each year thereafter. d. In coal workers' pneumoconiosis claims, if the physician selected by the commissioner interprets an X-ray as positive for complicated coal workers' pneumoconiosis, the commissioner shall refer the employee to the facility at which the claimant was previously evaluated for a computerized tomography scan in order to verify the findings. The computerized tomography scan shall be interpreted by the facility and a report shall be filed with the commissioner. The employer, insurer, or payment obligor shall pay the cost of the examination pursuant to the medical fee schedule. The administrative law judge may rely upon the findings in the report in accepting or rejecting ILO radiographic evidence of the disease required under KRS 342.732 for benefit determination. e. Within forty-five (45) days following the notice of filing an application for resolution of claim, the employer or carrier shall notify the commissioner and all parties of record of its acceptance or denial of the claim. A denial shall be in writing and shall state the specific basis for the denial. f. The administrative law judge shall conduct such proceedings as are necessary to resolve the claim and shall have authority to grant or deny any relief, including interlocutory relief, to order additional proof, to conduct a benefit review conference, or to take such other action as may be appropriate to resolve the claim. g. Unless a voluntary settlement is reached by the parties, or the parties agree otherwise, the administrative law judge shall issue a written determination within sixty (60) days following a hearing. The written determination shall address all contested issues and shall be enforceable under KRS 342.305. h. Within thirty (30) days of the receipt of the statement for the evaluation, the employer, insurer, or payment obligor shall pay the cost of the examination. Upon notice from the commissioner that an evaluation has been scheduled, the employer, insurer, or payment obligor shall forward the expenses of travel necessary to attend the evaluation at the state employee reimbursement rates to the employee within seven (7) days. However, if the employee has alleged a pulmonary dysfunction but has not filed spirometric evidence as required by paragraph (a) of this subsection at the time the evaluation is scheduled by the commissioner, the employee will be responsible for fifty percent (50%) of the cost of the evaluation. 5. The procedure for appeal from a determination of an administrative law judge shall be as set forth in KRS 342.285. (4) (a) The right to compensation under this chapter resulting from an occupational disease shall be forever barred unless a claim is filed with the commissioner within three (3) years after the last injurious exposure to the occupational hazard or after the employee first experiences a distinct manifestation of an occupational disease in the form of symptoms reasonably sufficient to apprise the employee that he or she has contracted the disease, whichever shall last occur; and if death results from the occupational disease within that period, unless a claim therefor be filed with the commissioner within three (3) years after the death; but that notice of claim shall be deemed waived in case of disability or death where the employer, or its insurance carrier, voluntarily makes payment therefor, or if the incurrence of the disease or the death of the employee and its cause was known to the employer. However, the right to compensation for any occupational disease shall be forever barred, unless a claim is filed with the commissioner within five (5) years from the last injurious exposure to the occupational hazard, except that, in cases of radiation disease, asbestos-related disease, or a type of cancer specified in KRS 61.315(11)(b), a claim must be filed within twenty (20) years from the last injurious exposure to the occupational hazard. (b) Income benefits for the disease of pneumoconiosis resulting from exposure to coal dust or death therefrom shall not be payable unless the employee has been exposed to the hazards of such pneumoconiosis in the Commonwealth of Kentucky over a continuous period of not less than two (2) years during the ten (10) years immediately preceding the date of his or her last exposure to such hazard, or for any five (5) of the fifteen (15) years immediately preceding the date of such last exposure. (5) The amount of compensation payable for disability due to occupational disease or for death from the disease, and the time and manner of its payment, shall be as provided for under the general provisions of the Workers' Compensation Act, but: (a) In no event shall the payment exceed the amounts that were in effect at the time of the last injurious exposure; (b) The time of the beginning of compensation payments shall be the date of the employee's last injurious exposure to the cause of the disease, or the date of actual disability, whichever is later; and (c) In case of death where the employee has been awarded compensation or made timely claim within the period provided for in this section, and an employee has suffered continuous disability to the date of his or her death occurring at any time within twenty (20) years from the date of disability, his or her dependents, if any, shall be awarded compensation for his or her death as provided for under the general provisions of the Workers' Compensation Act and in this section, except as provided in KRS 342.750(6). (6) If an autopsy has been performed, no testimony relative thereto shall be admitted unless the employer or its representative has available findings and reports of the pathologist or doctor who performed the autopsy examination. (7) No compensation shall be payable for occupational disease if the employee at the time of entering the employment of the employer by whom compensation would otherwise be payable, falsely represented himself or herself, in writing, as not having been previously disabled, laid-off, or compensated in damages or otherwise, because of the occupational disease, or failed or omitted truthfully to state to the best of his or her knowledge, in answer to written inquiry made by the employer, the place, duration, and nature of previous employment, or, to the best of his or her knowledge, the previous state of his or her health. (8) No compensation for death from occupational disease shall be payable to any person whose relationship to the deceased, which under the provisions of this chapter would give right to compensation, arose subsequent to the beginning of the first compensable disability, except only for after-born children of a marriage existing at the beginning of such disability. (9) Whenever any claimant misconceives his or her remedy and files an application for adjustment of claim under the general provisions of this chapter and it is subsequently discovered, at any time before the final disposition of the cause, that the claim for injury, disability, or death which was the basis for his or her application should properly have been made under the provisions of this section, then the application so filed may be amended in form or substance, or both, to assert a claim for injury, disability, or death under the provisions of this section, and it shall be deemed to have been so filed as amended on the date of the original filing thereof, and compensation may be awarded that is warranted by the whole evidence pursuant to the provisions of this chapter. When amendment of this type is submitted, further or additional evidence may be heard when deemed necessary. Nothing this section contains shall be construed to be or permit a waiver of any of the provisions of this chapter with reference to notice of time for filing of a claim, but notice of filing a claim, if given or done, shall be deemed to be a notice of filing of a claim under provisions of this chapter, if given or done within the time required by this subsection. (10) When an employee has an occupational disease that is covered by this chapter, the employer in whose employment he or she was last injuriously exposed to the hazard of the disease, and the employer's insurance carrier, if any, at the time of the exposure, shall alone be liable therefor, without right to contribution from any prior employer or insurance carrier, except as otherwise provided in this chapter. (11) (a) For claims filed on or before June 30, 2017, income benefits for coal-related occupational pneumoconiosis shall be paid fifty percent (50%) by the Kentucky coal workers' pneumoconiosis fund as established in KRS 342.1242 and fifty percent (50%) by the employer in whose employment the employee was last exposed to the hazard of that occupational disease. (b) Income benefits for coal-related occupational pneumoconiosis for claims filed after June 30, 2017, shall be paid by the employer in whose employment the employee was last exposed to the hazards of coal workers' pneumoconiosis. (c) Compensation for all other occupational disease shall be paid by the employer in whose employment the employee was last exposed to the hazards of the occupational disease. (12) A concluded claim for benefits by reason of contraction of coal workers' pneumoconiosis in the severance or processing of coal shall bar any subsequent claim for benefits by reason of contraction of coal workers' pneumoconiosis, unless there has occurred in the interim between the conclusion of the first claim and the filing of the second claim at least two (2) years of employment wherein the employee was continuously exposed to the hazards of the disease in the Commonwealth. Effective: July 14, 2018 History: Amended 2018 Ky. Acts ch. 40, sec. 9, effective July 14, 2018. -- Amended 2017 Ky. Acts ch. 173, sec. 5, effective April 10, 2017. -- Amended 2010 Ky. Acts ch. 24, sec. 1816, effective July 15, 2010; and ch. 90, sec. 4, effective July 15, 2010. -- Amended 2002 Ky. Acts ch. 340, sec. 2, effective July 15, 2002. -- Amended 2000 Ky. Acts ch. 514, sec. 23, effective July 14, 2000. -- Amended 1996 (1st Extra. Sess.) Ky. Acts ch. 1, sec. 16, effective December 12, 1996. -- Amended 1996 Ky. Acts ch. 355, sec. 12, effective July 15, 1996. -- Amended 1994 Ky. Acts ch. 181, Part 15, sec. 83, effective April 4, 1994. -- Amended 1990 Ky. Acts ch. 99, sec. 2, effective July 13, 1990. -- Amended 1987 (1st Extra. Sess. Ky. Acts ch. 1, sec. 41, effective October 26, 1987. -- Amended 1986 Ky. Acts ch. 317, sec. 1, effective July 15, 1986. -- Amended 1982 Ky. Acts ch. 278, sec. 21, effective July 15, 1982; and Ky. Acts ch. 426, sec. 1, effective July 15, 1982. -- Amended 1980 Ky. Acts ch. 104, sec. 10, effective July 15, 1980. -- Amended 1976 Ky. Acts ch. 108, sec. 2. -- Amended 1974 Ky. Acts ch. 177, sec. 1. -- Amended 1972 Ky. Acts ch. 78, sec. 18. -- Amended 1970 Ky. Acts ch. 16, sec. 3. -- Amended 1964 Ky. Acts ch. 192, sec. 24. -- Amended 1962 Ky. Acts ch. 276, sec. 3. -- Amended 1960 Ky. Acts ch. 35, sec. 1; and ch. 147, sec. 16. -- Amended 1956 Ky. Acts ch. 77, sec. 12. -- Amended 1948 Ky. Acts ch. 151, sec. 4. -- Created 1944 Ky. Acts ch. 82, sec. 3.