LIGJI NR. 04/L-077 PËR MARRËDHËNIET E DETYRIMEVE

AI-assisted research summary: This part identifies the Law on Obligations of Kosovo and introduces its general section and fundamental principles.

AI-assisted research summary: Ky nen thotë se ligji vendos parimet dhe rregullat e përgjithshme për marrëdhëniet e detyrimeve.

AI-assisted research summary: Participants in obligations relationships may arrange their relations according to their own will, as long as they comply with mandatory rules, public order, and good customs.

AI-assisted research summary: Participants in obligation relations are equal.

AI-assisted research summary: Participants in obligation relationships must act in good faith and fairly, follow good business customs, and cannot exclude or limit that duty.

AI-assisted research summary: People in obligation relationships must act with the required care when performing obligations, and higher professional care applies to professional activities.

AI-assisted research summary: Rights arising from obligation relations must be exercised according to the law’s basic principles and purpose, and participants must not act in a way that could hinder others’ obligations.

AI-assisted research summary: In remunerated contracts, the parties are to start from the principle that reciprocal performances should be of equal value.

AI-assisted research summary: Participants in an obligation relationship must perform their own obligation and are responsible for doing so.

AI-assisted research summary: Çdo person duhet të shmangë veprimet që mund t’i shkaktojnë dëm një tjetri.

AI-assisted research summary: Participants in an obligation relationship should try to settle disputes peacefully through negotiation, mediation, or another mutually agreed method.

AI-assisted research summary: Business customs, usages, and practices established between the parties must be considered when assessing required conduct and its effects in business obligation relationships.

AI-assisted research summary: This article says the law applies to all types of contracts, unless another law says otherwise, and explains which entities count as commercial subjects.

AI-assisted research summary: The law’s provisions on contracts also apply appropriately to other legal acts.

AI-assisted research summary: If this law has no rule for a matter, apply the rules for similar legal relations; if none exist, apply principles from the legal order and good customs.

AI-assisted research summary: A contract is formed when the contracting parties agree on the essential elements of the contract.

AI-assisted research summary: If the parties think they have agreed but still disagree about essential contract terms, the contract is not considered concluded.

AI-assisted research summary: A person legally required to conclude a contract may be asked by the interested person to conclude it without delay.

AI-assisted research summary: A contract will can be expressed by words, customary signs, or other conduct that clearly shows it exists, and the expression must be free and serious.

AI-assisted research summary: Kur një kontratë kërkon miratimin e një personi të tretë, ky miratim mund të jepet para ose pas lidhjes së kontratës; ai duhet të jetë në formën e parashikuar për atë lloj kontrate.

AI-assisted research summary: Parakontraktore: negociatat nuk detyrojnë, dhe secila palë mund t’i ndërpresë kur të dojë.

AI-assisted research summary: This provision says when a contract is treated as formed and where it is treated as formed.

AI-assisted research summary: An offer is a proposal to contract made to a specific person and containing the essential terms; a contract can also count as concluded if essential terms are agreed and secondary terms are left for later.

AI-assisted research summary: Goods displayed with a price tag are treated as an offer, unless the circumstances or custom indicate otherwise.

AI-assisted research summary: Sending catalogs, price lists, tariffs, notices, or advertisements is not itself an offer; it is only an invitation for others to make an offer on the stated terms.

AI-assisted research summary: The offeror is bound by the offer, unless the duty to keep it has been excluded or that exclusion follows from the circumstances. Revocation is allowed only if the offeree receives it before or at the same time as the offer.

AI-assisted research summary: An offer with a set acceptance deadline binds the offeror until that deadline expires.

AI-assisted research summary: An offer for a contract only binds the offeror if it is made in the form required by law; the same rule also applies to acceptance.

AI-assisted research summary: An offer is accepted when the offeror receives the offeree’s acceptance statement; acceptance can also be shown by sending the thing, paying the price, or another act treated as acceptance. Acceptance may be revoked if the offeror receives the revocation notice before or at the same time as the acceptance.

AI-assisted research summary: If an acceptance adds or changes terms, it may count as a rejection and counteroffer, unless the offeror objects immediately; non-material changes can still count as acceptance.

AI-assisted research summary: Silence is generally not acceptance, but in some ongoing business relationships or when orders for certain work are involved, silence can count as acceptance if the offeree does not reject immediately or within the stated time.

AI-assisted research summary: Late acceptance is generally treated as a new offer, unless the offeror immediately says the contract was already formed on the original offer.

AI-assisted research summary: An offer does not lose effect if one party dies or becomes incapable before acceptance, unless the parties’ intent, custom, or the nature of the work indicates otherwise.

AI-assisted research summary: A precontract can bind the parties, the court may order the refusing party to conclude the main contract, and the main contract may be requested within six months in the stated cases.

AI-assisted research summary: A contractual obligation may consist of giving, acting, refraining, or enduring, and it must be possible, permitted, and determinate or determinable.

AI-assisted research summary: A contract is absolutely void if the obligation’s object is impossible, unlawful, indeterminate, or cannot be determined.

AI-assisted research summary: A contract made under a suspensive condition or a term remains valid if the obligation’s subject, initially impossible, becomes possible before the condition is met or the term ends.

AI-assisted research summary: The object of an obligation is unlawful if it conflicts with public order, mandatory provisions, or the morality of society.

AI-assisted research summary: The contract’s object is considered determinable if the contract gives enough data to identify it or if the parties leave that task to a third person.

AI-assisted research summary: Çdo detyrim kontraktues duhet të ketë bazë të lejueshme; nëse baza mungon ose është e palejueshme, kontrata bëhet nul dhe absolutisht e pavlefshme.

AI-assisted research summary: The reasons for making a contract do not affect its validity, but in some cases an unlawful motive can make the contract without effect.

AI-assisted research summary: A valid contract requires the contracting party to have the legal capacity needed for that contract.

AI-assisted research summary: A co-contractor of a person unable to act may withdraw from the contract in certain cases, and that right expires after 30 days unless the legal representative approves the contract sooner.

AI-assisted research summary: A co-contractor may ask the legal representative to say whether they approve a contract, and if the legal representative does not respond within 30 days, the permission is treated as refused.

AI-assisted research summary: A person who later gains full capacity to act may ask to annul a contract made without the needed authorization during limited capacity, but only if the claim is filed within 3 months of gaining full capacity.

AI-assisted research summary: If an unlawful threat causes justified fear and leads the other party to enter a contract, the other party may ask for the contract to be annulled.

AI-assisted research summary: An essential mistake can make a contract voidable; the mistaken party may ask for invalidation, the good-faith other party may claim damages, and the mistaken party cannot rely on the mistake if the other side is ready to perform anyway.

AI-assisted research summary: For a gratuitous contract, a decisive mistake about the motive is treated as an essential mistake.

AI-assisted research summary: A mistake by the person through whom a party expressed its will is treated the same as a mistake in the party’s own expression of will.

AI-assisted research summary: Mashtrimi gjatë lidhjes së kontratës mund të çojë në pavlefshmëri të kontratës dhe, në disa raste, në kërkesë për shpërblim dëmi.

AI-assisted research summary: Kontrata fiktive nuk ka efekt juridik mes palëve; nëse fsheh një kontratë tjetër, ajo e dyta vlen vetëm nëse plotëson kushtet e vlefshmërisë. Fiktiviteti nuk mund të përdoret kundër personit të tretë.

AI-assisted research summary: A contract generally does not need a specific form, unless a law requires one.

AI-assisted research summary: Contracts for transferring immovable property title, or creating another subjective right in immovable property, must be in writing.

AI-assisted research summary: Formal contracts may be ended by an informal agreement, unless the law says otherwise for the specific case or the purpose of the required form requires termination in the same form.

AI-assisted research summary: Contracting parties may agree that a special form is required for contract validity, but they can also later change, complete, or end that contract informally in some cases.

AI-assisted research summary: A contract that is not made in the required form has no legal effect, unless the purpose of the form rule indicates otherwise, or unless the parties made validity depend on a special form.

AI-assisted research summary: If a contract is made in a special form, only what is stated in that form counts; simultaneous oral agreements may still be valid for secondary matters in some cases.

AI-assisted research summary: This article sets out how a contract can be validly concluded in writing, including signatures, a certified fingerprint for a non-writer, exchanged letters, other certain communication methods, and electronic declarations unless another law says otherwise.

AI-assisted research summary: A contract that should be in writing can still be valid if the parties have fully or mostly performed it, unless the purpose of the written form clearly requires otherwise.

AI-assisted research summary: A contract is treated as conditional when its creation or end depends on an uncertain fact.

AI-assisted research summary: If a contract says the effects of a condition relate back to an earlier time, the participants must enable each other what they would have enabled as if the effects had arisen then, once the condition is met.

AI-assisted research summary: A contract is invalid if a suspensive or resolutory condition conflicts with mandatory rules, public order, or social morals; a contract with an impossible suspensive condition is also invalid, and an impossible resolutory condition is treated as nonexistent.

AI-assisted research summary: If a contract is tied to a suspensive condition, the creditor whose right is conditional may request appropriate security for that right if its realization is endangered.

AI-assisted research summary: A beneficiary under a suspensive condition may claim damages from the other party if the condition is met and that party, by its fault before fulfillment, prevented or limited the conditional right.

AI-assisted research summary: If an object is held under a suspensive condition, later dispositions that would hinder or damage the condition-based purpose become void when the condition is fulfilled; the same rule applies for a resolutory condition.

AI-assisted research summary: This article explains how to calculate deadlines measured in days, weeks, months, or years.

AI-assisted research summary: If a contract takes effect from a specified time, the rules for a suspensive condition apply; if a contract stops being in force after a specified time ends, the rules for a resolutive condition apply.

AI-assisted research summary: Earnest money can make the contract count as concluded, is credited toward performance, and is generally returned if performance is impossible; otherwise, the parties may not withdraw by forfeiting or doubling the earnest unless they agreed differently.

AI-assisted research summary: If a contract is not performed, the other party may claim performance, damages, and in some cases return or double return of the earnest money; the court may reduce an excessive earnest money amount on request.

AI-assisted research summary: If there is partial performance, the creditor may not keep the deposit and may claim the remaining performance or damages, with the deposit counted toward damages.

AI-assisted research summary: This article lets contracting parties agree that one or both may withdraw from the contract by giving pendimi, but the withdrawing party must give it at the same time as the withdrawal notice.

AI-assisted research summary: Nëse me kaparin është marrë edhe e drejta për t’u tërhequr nga kontrata, kapari trajtohet si pendim dhe secila palë mund të heqë dorë nga kontrata.

AI-assisted research summary: Kontratat dhe punët e tjera juridike mund të kryhen edhe me përfaqësues.

AI-assisted research summary: A representative’s contract, made within their authority and in the represented person’s name, binds both the represented person and the other contracting party.

AI-assisted research summary: Përfaqësuesi nuk mund t’ia bartë autorizimet e veta një tjetri, përveç kur kjo lejohet me ligj ose me kontratë.

AI-assisted research summary: If a representative exceeds authority, the represented person is bound only if they approve it.

AI-assisted research summary: A contract made by an unauthorized representative binds the represented person only if that person later approves it.

AI-assisted research summary: A power of attorney gives the authorized person authority to represent the authorizer.

AI-assisted research summary: The legal form required for a contract or other legal act also applies to the power of attorney used to conclude that contract or carry out that act.

AI-assisted research summary: A representative may act only within the authority granted by the power of attorney, and needs special authorization for certain transactions.

AI-assisted research summary: The grantor of a power of attorney may limit or revoke it, even if they previously waived that right by contract.

AI-assisted research summary: Revoking or limiting a proxy does not affect a third person who dealt with the authorized person without knowing, and without having to know, of the revocation or limitation.

AI-assisted research summary: This article says a power of attorney ends when the authorized legal person ends or when the grantor dies, unless the law says otherwise.

AI-assisted research summary: Certain workers under contract with a company or independent trader are entitled to conclude and carry out specific contracts.

AI-assisted research summary: Travel sales representatives may act only within the authority given for selling goods, and may also receive certain declarations and take needed steps to protect the principal’s contractual rights.

AI-assisted research summary: Contract provisions apply according to their content, and contested provisions must be interpreted by looking beyond the literal wording to the parties’ common intent and the principles of obligations law in this statute.

AI-assisted research summary: If a contract uses preprinted wording or was prepared and proposed by one party, any unclear terms are interpreted in favor of the other party.

AI-assisted research summary: Ambiguous clauses in a gratuitous contract should be interpreted in the way that is less burdensome to the debtor; in a contract for compensation, they should be interpreted to achieve a fair balance of reciprocal performance.

AI-assisted research summary: Palët kontraktuese mund të parashikojnë që një i tretë ta interpretojë kontratën kur ka mosmarrëveshje për kuptimin ose shtrirjen e dispozitave kontraktuese.

AI-assisted research summary: A contract is void if it conflicts with public order, mandatory rules, or social morals, unless the protected rule points to another sanction or the law says otherwise. If only one party is prohibited from entering the contract, the contract remains valid unless the law provides otherwise for that case.

AI-assisted research summary: If a contract is null, each party must return what it received; if return is impossible, monetary compensation is required. For null contracts contrary to fundamental moral principles, the court may refuse all or part of the bad-faith party’s return claim.

AI-assisted research summary: A void clause does not automatically void the whole contract if the contract can still stand without it and the clause was not decisive for making the contract.

AI-assisted research summary: If a void contract also meets the validity conditions of another contract, that other contract applies between the parties when it matches their intended purpose and can be assumed they would have made it had they known the first contract was void.

AI-assisted research summary: A void contract does not become valid if the invalidity ground or ban disappears later; but nullity cannot be claimed if the ban was minor and the contract has already been performed.

AI-assisted research summary: A party at fault for making a void contract is liable to the other party for damage caused by the contract’s nullity if the other party did not know, and should not have known, the cause of nullity.

AI-assisted research summary: The court must address nullity on its own initiative, and any interested person may be called in relation to it.

AI-assisted research summary: The right to request nullity does not expire.

AI-assisted research summary: A contract is voidable if it was concluded by a party with limited capacity to act, if there were defects in the parties’ will when it was made, or if another law or a special provision says so.

AI-assisted research summary: A contracting party may ask for the contract to be declared invalid, and the other party may require a reply within at least 30 days.

AI-assisted research summary: If something has been performed under an annulled voidable contract, it must be returned; if return is impossible or barred by the nature of the performance, money compensation must be paid.

AI-assisted research summary: If the reason a contract can be annulled lies on one contractor’s side, that contractor is responsible for the other contractor’s damage from the annulment, unless the other contractor knew or should have known about that reason.

AI-assisted research summary: A person with limited capacity to act is liable for damage caused by annulment of a contract if that person fraudulently persuaded the other party that they were capable of acting.

AI-assisted research summary: The right to ask for annulment of a voidable contract expires after 1 year from when the cause of voidability becomes known, or when violence stops, and in any event after 3 years from the contract date.

AI-assisted research summary: In a remunerated contract, each contracting party is responsible for material defects in its own non-performance, and the contractor is also responsible for legal defects and must protect the other party against third-party rights or claims that would exclude or limit that party’s right.

AI-assisted research summary: In bilateral contracts, a party generally does not have to perform if the other party has not performed or is not ready to perform at the same time, unless the contract, a law, or the nature of the work says otherwise.

AI-assisted research summary: Në disa raste, pala që duhet të performojë e para mund ta shtyjë përmbushjen e detyrimit, të kërkojë sigurim dhe, nëse afati pa rezultat kalon, ta zgjidhë kontratën.

AI-assisted research summary: In bilateral contracts, if one party does not perform its obligation, the other party may demand performance or, under the conditions in the following articles and if not otherwise provided, terminate the contract by simple declaration. The other party is also entitled to damages.

AI-assisted research summary: If timely performance is essential and the debtor misses the deadline, the contract ends by law. The creditor may keep the contract alive by promptly asking for performance after the deadline, or later declare termination if performance still is not completed within a reasonable time.

AI-assisted research summary: If timely performance is not an essential part of the contract, the debtor may still perform after the deadline, and the creditor may demand performance. If the creditor wants to terminate the contract, they must first give the debtor a new appropriate deadline.

AI-assisted research summary: The creditor may end the contract without giving the debtor a new deadline if the debtor’s conduct shows the debt will not be performed even with a new deadline.

AI-assisted research summary: If it becomes clear before the performance deadline that one party will not perform its contractual obligation, the other party may terminate the contract and claim damages.

AI-assisted research summary: For continuing-performance contracts, the other party may end the contract if one party fails to perform and future performance is clearly unlikely; the debtor may keep the contract by giving appropriate security.

AI-assisted research summary: If the creditor terminates the contract because the debtor did not perform the obligation, the creditor must notify the debtor without delay.

AI-assisted research summary: A contract cannot be terminated because of non-performance of a minor part of the obligation.

AI-assisted research summary: When a contract is terminated, both parties are released from their duties except for liability for eventual damages.

AI-assisted research summary: Termination is done by declaring it to the other party.

AI-assisted research summary: When changed circumstances make contract performance harder or frustrate the contract’s purpose, the affected party may ask for the contract to be terminated or changed.

AI-assisted research summary: The authorized party seeking termination or change of a contract because circumstances have changed must notify the other party as soon as it learns the relevant circumstances.

AI-assisted research summary: When deciding whether to terminate or change a contract, the court must be guided by good-faith principles and pay special attention to the contract’s purpose, the ordinary risk for that type of contract, the public interest, and both parties’ interests.

AI-assisted research summary: Parties may agree in advance to waive the right to rely on changed circumstances, unless that would conflict with good faith and fairness.

AI-assisted research summary: If performance becomes impossible through no fault of either party in a bilateral contract, the other party’s duty ends, and partial performance may be reclaimed or the contract may be terminated in some cases.

AI-assisted research summary: If one party’s performance becomes impossible in a bilateral contract, the other party’s obligation is extinguished and the affected party must transfer related third-party rights; the other party may also seek non-performance compensation, contract withdrawal, and damages.

AI-assisted research summary: The injured party may seek contract annulment for a gross imbalance at the time the contract is made, but only if it did not know and should not have known the exact value.

AI-assisted research summary: A contract is void if someone exploits another person’s need, hardship, inexperience, carelessness, or dependence to secure a clearly disproportionate benefit.

AI-assisted research summary: General contract terms are generally binding, must be disclosed in the usual way, and specific agreements prevail if they conflict with general terms.

AI-assisted research summary: Gjykata mund të refuzojë zbatimin e disa kushteve të përgjithshme kur ato janë të padrejta, tepër rigoroze, ose u heqin palëve të drejtën për kundërshtim, apelim, apo për të ruajtur të drejtat dhe afatet kontraktore.

AI-assisted research summary: If general conditions conflict, the contract is still treated as concluded, and only the common substance of those conditions is part of the contract. A party can block this result by giving clear prior notice, or by notifying the other party without undue delay.

AI-assisted research summary: A party to a bilateral contract may assign the contract to a third person if the other party consents.

AI-assisted research summary: The cedent is responsible to the assignee for the validity of the transferred contract, but does not guarantee the other party’s performance unless specially bound to do so.

AI-assisted research summary: The other party may present to the assignee all objections from the assigned contract and other relations with it, except objections against the assignor.

AI-assisted research summary: A contract creates rights and obligations for the contracting parties, can also affect their universal successors unless agreed otherwise or the contract’s nature requires otherwise, and may create a right for a third person.

AI-assisted research summary: If a contract is made in someone’s own name for the benefit of a third person, that third person gets a direct personal right against the debtor unless the contract says otherwise or the circumstances indicate otherwise.

AI-assisted research summary: The contracting party may revoke or change a third-party benefit until the third party accepts it.

AI-assisted research summary: Debitori mund t’i paraqesë të tretit të gjitha prapësimet që ka ndaj kontraktuesit.

AI-assisted research summary: Nëse i treti refuzon dobinë e kontraktuar ose kontraktuesi e revokon, dobia i takon kontraktuesit, përveç nëse është kontraktuar ndryshe ose kjo del nga natyra e punës.

AI-assisted research summary: If someone promises another person that a third party will do something, the third party is not bound, and the promiser is liable for any resulting damage unless the promise was only to try to persuade the third party and the attempt failed despite necessary efforts.

AI-assisted research summary: A person who causes damage to another must compensate it, unless it is proven the damage was caused without that person’s fault.

AI-assisted research summary: This provision defines “damage” as ordinary property loss, lost profit, and non-material harm such as physical pain, psychic suffering, or fear.

AI-assisted research summary: Anyone may ask another person to remove a serious source of damage risk and stop the activity causing it; the court must order preventive measures if the person concerned asks and the source holder does not act.

AI-assisted research summary: Anyone may ask a court or other competent body to order stopping an act that violates personal integrity or other personality rights.

AI-assisted research summary: Fajësia ekziston when a person causing damage did so intentionally or through negligence.

AI-assisted research summary: People who cannot judge because of mental illness, intellectual impairment, or other causes are generally not responsible for damage they cause, unless it is proven they were capable of judging at the time. A person who causes damage while temporarily incapable of judgment is responsible, unless they prove they were brought into that state without their fault. If someone else caused that state through fault, that person is responsible for the damage.

AI-assisted research summary: Minors under 7 are not liable for damage they cause; minors aged 7 to 14 are also not liable unless it is proven they were capable of judgment when the damage was caused; after 14, the general liability rules apply.

AI-assisted research summary: Në mbrojtje të nevojshme, dëmi i shkaktuar sulmuesit zakonisht nuk shpërblehet; në gjendje nevoje ekstreme ose kur dëmtohesh duke shmangur rrezikun nga tjetri, mund të kërkohet shpërblim sipas kushteve të nenit.

AI-assisted research summary: A person may use permitted self-help to stop an imminent violation of a right if the response is necessary and proportionate to the situation; if someone causes damage in that context, they do not have a duty to compensate the person who caused the need for self-help.

AI-assisted research summary: A person who lets another act to their own detriment cannot later claim damages for that act.

AI-assisted research summary: A person who is legally, officially, or contractually responsible for supervising someone who cannot judge for themselves is liable for damage that person causes, unless they can prove proper supervision or that the damage would have happened anyway.

AI-assisted research summary: Prindërit përgjigjen për dëmet e shkaktuara nga fëmijët e tyre në disa raste, me përjashtime të caktuara.

AI-assisted research summary: Nëse edhe fëmija përgjigjet për dëmin, përgjegjësia e prindërve dhe e fëmijës është solidare.

AI-assisted research summary: Kujdestari, shkolla ose institucioni tjetër përgjigjet për dëmin që i mituri shkakton gjatë mbikëqyrjes së tyre, përveç nëse provojnë se kanë mbikëqyrur siç duhej ose se dëmi do të ndodhte gjithsesi.

AI-assisted research summary: If supervision of a minor is not the parents’ responsibility, an injured person may claim compensation from the parents in certain fault-based cases; the supervising person may also seek repayment from the parents after paying compensation.

AI-assisted research summary: Gjykata mund të urdhërojë shpërblimin e dëmit, tërësisht ose pjesërisht, kur drejtshmëria e kërkon.

AI-assisted research summary: Employers are responsible for damage caused by an employee during work or connected to work, unless the employee acted as necessary in the конкрет circumstances.

AI-assisted research summary: A legal person is responsible for damage caused by its organ while performing or in connection with its functions.

AI-assisted research summary: Damage linked to a dangerous thing or dangerous activity is presumed to come from that thing or activity unless it is proven otherwise.

AI-assisted research summary: The owner of a dangerous thing is responsible for damage caused by it, and the person who carries out a dangerous activity is responsible for damage caused by that activity.

AI-assisted research summary: Nëse një send i rrezikshëm i merret pronarit në mënyrë të kundërligjshme, pronari nuk përgjigjet për dëmin që vjen prej kësaj.

AI-assisted research summary: A person entrusted with an item, or otherwise responsible for supervising it, answers for damage caused by it; the owner may also answer in certain hidden-defect cases, and a liable person who pays compensation may recover the full amount from the owner.

AI-assisted research summary: The possessor is exempt from liability for damage in several specified situations, including unforeseeable external causes, damage caused only by the injured party or a third person, and partial contribution by the injured party.

AI-assisted research summary: Rregullat për përgjegjësinë e zotëruesve të mjeteve motorike në aksidente varen nga faji dhe, për dëmin ndaj personave të tretë, përgjegjësia është solidare.

AI-assisted research summary: A producer who puts a product into circulation is liable for damage caused by a defect, and also for dangerous product qualities if they did not take necessary preventive steps.

AI-assisted research summary: The State or the person who should have prevented the event under the applicable rules is responsible for damage caused by death or physical injury resulting from terrorist acts or during demonstrations and public manifestations.

AI-assisted research summary: The organizer of a large gathering indoors or outdoors is responsible for damage caused by a death or bodily injury arising from extraordinary circumstances in that situation.

AI-assisted research summary: Animal owners are responsible for damage caused by the animal; for a pet, the owner may avoid responsibility if they prove necessary care and supervision.

AI-assisted research summary: The building owner, or the owner of the space from which the object fell, is responsible for damage caused when a dangerously placed object or a thrown object falls from the building.

AI-assisted research summary: The building owner is responsible for damage caused if parts of a building collapse or fall, unless it is proven the event was not due to poor construction quality and the owner did everything possible to avoid the risk.

AI-assisted research summary: A person who is not in danger themselves must not refuse necessary help to someone whose life or health is clearly endangered, if the resulting harm was foreseeable.

AI-assisted research summary: A person legally required to conclude a contract must compensate the damage if, after a request by the interested person, the contract is not concluded without delay.

AI-assisted research summary: Organizations providing municipal or similar public-interest services are liable for damage if they stop the service without reasonable cause or perform it irregularly.

AI-assisted research summary: The responsible person must restore the damaged condition, and if that does not fully fix the damage, pay money compensation for the remainder.

AI-assisted research summary: The compensation for damage is due for payment from the moment the damage is caused.

AI-assisted research summary: The owner of an unlawfully taken item is entitled to compensation for damage even if the item was destroyed by force majeure.

AI-assisted research summary: This article says damages may be paid as a cash annuity, usually monthly in advance, and gives the creditor rights to ask for security or a lump-sum payment in certain cases.

AI-assisted research summary: The injured person is entitled to compensation for ordinary damage and lost profit. In some cases, the court may set the compensation based on the thing’s value for the injured person.

AI-assisted research summary: The court must set compensation at an amount needed to restore the injured person’s material condition to what it would have been without the harmful act or omission.

AI-assisted research summary: Gjykata mund të urdhërojë pagim të një shpërblimi më të vogël për dëmin, kur plotësohen kushtet e përmendura në këtë nen.

AI-assisted research summary: If the injured person contributed to the damage, compensation is reduced proportionally.

AI-assisted research summary: A person who causes another person’s death must pay the ordinary funeral expenses and related medical and lost-income costs.

AI-assisted research summary: A person regularly supported by the deceased, or legally entitled to maintenance from the deceased, may claim damages for loss of support or aid.

AI-assisted research summary: A person who causes bodily injury or damage to health must compensate medical and other necessary expenses, lost earnings during treatment, and, in certain cases, a fixed cash rent for the injured person.

AI-assisted research summary: The court may, on request, increase future rent, or reduce or cancel it if circumstances have changed significantly.

AI-assisted research summary: The right to damages paid as a money annuity cannot be transferred to another person, but amounts already due may be transferred if the compensation amount was set by written agreement or by a final judgment.

AI-assisted research summary: Në rast të cenimit të së drejtës së personalitetit, gjykata mund të urdhërojë shpalljen e aktgjykimit, përmirësimin me shpenzim të dëmtuesit, tërheqjen e deklaratës ose masa të tjera të ngjashme.

AI-assisted research summary: The court must award fair monetary compensation for certain non-material harms when the case circumstances justify it.

AI-assisted research summary: Gjykata mund të caktojë shpërblim monetar për dhembje shpirtërore për familjarët e afërt në rast vdekjeje ose invaliditeti shumë të rëndë/shëmtimi të lartë.

AI-assisted research summary: A person may claim money damages for mental suffering if they were induced by fraud, violence, or abuse of dependence into punishable sexual conduct, or if another offense against their dignity, personality, or morality was committed.

AI-assisted research summary: Gjykata duhet të caktojë shpërblim për dëmin e ardhshëm jomaterial kur e kërkon i dëmtuari dhe kur është e sigurt që dëmi do të vazhdojë në të ardhmen.

AI-assisted research summary: The court may award fair monetary compensation to a legal person for harm to reputation or good name.

AI-assisted research summary: A non-material damage compensation claim passes to an heir only if there is a final court judgment or a written agreement.

AI-assisted research summary: Rules on shared liability and reduced compensation for material damage also apply, as appropriate, to non-material damage.

AI-assisted research summary: Several people who cause damage together, or in the listed related cases, are jointly and severally liable for that damage.

AI-assisted research summary: The employer/client and the contractor for immovable-property works are jointly liable to a third person for damage caused in connection with those works.

AI-assisted research summary: A solidary debtor who pays more than their share of the damage may ask the other debtors to reimburse what was paid.

AI-assisted research summary: After the right to claim compensation has expired, the injured person may ask the responsible person to transfer what was received from the act that caused the damage.

AI-assisted research summary: A person who is unjustly enriched at another’s expense must return what was received or pay the value of the gain.

AI-assisted research summary: A person who pays knowing they were not obliged to pay cannot demand repayment, unless they reserved the right to claim it back or paid to avoid violence.

AI-assisted research summary: A person cannot demand the return of something given or done to fulfill a natural obligation or moral duty.

AI-assisted research summary: If something was obtained without basis, the recipient must return the fruits and pay default interest.

AI-assisted research summary: The winner is entitled to compensation for necessary and useful expenses.

AI-assisted research summary: Money paid as compensation for certain damages cannot be reclaimed if the recipient acted in good faith.