LIGJI NR. 04/L-077 PËR MARRËDHËNIET E DETYRIMEVE

AI-assisted research summary: If a third person benefited from using an item and the rules on unauthorized management of another’s affairs do not apply, that third person must return the item or, if that is not possible, pay its value.

AI-assisted research summary: A person who pays expenses or does something another person was legally obliged to do may demand reimbursement from that person.

AI-assisted research summary: If someone uses another person’s item for their own benefit, the owner may ask for repayment of the benefit gained from that use.

AI-assisted research summary: A foreign work may be carried out without order only when it cannot be delayed and delay would cause damage or clearly lose a benefit.

AI-assisted research summary: A person managing another’s affairs without instructions must notify the owner promptly, keep the owner informed if continuing the work is reasonably possible, and after finishing must account for and hand over what was gained from the work.

AI-assisted research summary: A person managing another’s work without authorization must follow the owner’s actual or presumed intentions and act with ordinary good care.

AI-assisted research summary: A person who manages another’s affairs without authorization may claim release from obligations, reimbursement of necessary and useful expenses, and an adequate fee if they acted properly and as the situation required.

AI-assisted research summary: A person who handles another’s affairs to help that person may claim reimbursement of expenses, but only up to the benefit the other person obtained.

AI-assisted research summary: A person who works without being commissioned may take away items added to another’s property if those items were not reimbursed and can be separated without damaging the main item.

AI-assisted research summary: If someone carries out another person's work despite the employer's prohibition, and knew or should have known about it, they lose the rights normally attached to acting without mandate and must answer for the damage caused.

AI-assisted research summary: A person who performs another’s work to keep the benefits for themselves must account on the owner’s request and hand over all benefits; the owner may also seek restoration and damages.

AI-assisted research summary: If the employer later approves work done without authorization, the worker is treated as if they had been ordered from the start.

AI-assisted research summary: A reward promise made by public announcement binds the promiser to fulfill the promise.

AI-assisted research summary: A reward promise can be revoked, except when a public notice set a deadline for the act, notice of results, or completion of a specified situation.

AI-assisted research summary: The first person to perform the promised act has a right to the reward; if several people perform it at the same time, each gets an equal share unless fairness requires a different split.

AI-assisted research summary: The contest organizer, or a person or persons designated by the organizer, decides how the prize is distributed. Participants may seek annulment of the prize-allocation decision if the prize was not distributed according to the contest rules. The organizer acquires ownership or another right to the work only if that is stated in the contest announcement.

AI-assisted research summary: The reward promisor’s obligation ends if no one notifies them within the stated announcement deadline that the work was done, success was achieved, or the stated conditions were met.

AI-assisted research summary: This article defines what counts as a security and says the issuer must fulfill the written obligation to the lawful holder.

AI-assisted research summary: A security must contain the listed essential elements to be valid as a security.

AI-assisted research summary: Securities may be bearer, registered, or order instruments.

AI-assisted research summary: Detyrimi nga letra me vlerë krijohet kur lëshuesi ia dorëzon letrën me vlerë shfrytëzuesit të saj.

AI-assisted research summary: A special law may set additional conditions for issuing securities in series.

AI-assisted research summary: E drejta e kërkesës nga letra me vlerë i takon poseduesit të ligjshëm; për disa letra, poseduesi i ligjshëm përcaktohet sipas prursit, emrit ose bartjes së rregullt, dhe fituesi me mirëbesim fiton statusin edhe në disa raste të daljes pa vullnet.

AI-assisted research summary: Only the lawful holder of a security, or a person authorized by that holder, may request fulfillment by presenting the security.

AI-assisted research summary: The right attached to a bearer security is transferred by handing over the security.

AI-assisted research summary: Registered-security rights are transferred by assignment, and may also be transferred by endorsement if a special law allows it.

AI-assisted research summary: The right attached to a security payable to order is transferred by endorsement.

AI-assisted research summary: This article says an endorsement can be full, blank, or bearer-form, explains what a full and blank endorsement contain, and states that a partial endorsement is invalid.

AI-assisted research summary: A security instrument may be transferred either as a proxy transfer or as a pledge transfer, and the transfer document must use the specified clause wording.

AI-assisted research summary: A new holder of a security right gets all the rights of the previous holder; for named securities, the transfer is ineffective against the issuer until written notice or registration; and the cedent/indorser is generally not liable for the issuer’s non-performance unless law or the security says otherwise.

AI-assisted research summary: The holder of a security transferred by proxy transfer or pledge transfer may exercise all rights from it, but may pass it on to someone else only as a proxy transfer.

AI-assisted research summary: The last endorsee must prove his right to the security by an unbroken chain of endorsements; the rule applies similarly to the last assignee.

AI-assisted research summary: A negotiable instrument payable to order can be marked so it cannot be transferred by endorsement, and then its right may be transferred only by assignment.

AI-assisted research summary: The issuer may change certain securities from bearer or order form into registered form, and a registered security may be changed into bearer or order form if the change has not been expressly prohibited.

AI-assisted research summary: This article allows certain securities to be transferred by indorsement, with different rules depending on whether the security is by order or bearer.

AI-assisted research summary: Nëse poseduesi e kërkon dhe i paguan shpenzimet, letrat me vlerë të lëshuara në seri mund të bashkohen ose të pjesëtohen.

AI-assisted research summary: Detyrimi nga një letër me vlerë shuhet kur lëshuesi e përmbush atë ndaj poseduesit të ligjshëm.

AI-assisted research summary: The issuer of a bearer security must refuse performance if it knows or should know the bearer is not the lawful holder or is not authorized, and it cannot validly perform if a competent authority has prohibited it or if amortization/cancellation proceedings have started.

AI-assisted research summary: Nëse debitori e ka paguar kryegjënën, ai duhet të paguajë kuponët e kamatës ose të ardhurat e tjera nga e njëjta letër me vlerë kur ato paraqiten për pagesë, për sa kohë që kërkesat nuk janë parashkruar.

AI-assisted research summary: The issuer may raise only certain objections against a security holder’s demand for performance.

AI-assisted research summary: For certain tickets, vouchers, and similar documents that create an obligation for the issuer and do not name a creditor or show they can be transferred, the corresponding rules for securities apply.

AI-assisted research summary: Legitimation signs only identify who is the creditor; the issuer is discharged if it pays in good faith to the bearer, and the creditor may still claim performance after losing the sign.

AI-assisted research summary: The holder of a damaged security that is no longer fit for circulation, but whose authenticity and contents can be determined exactly, is entitled to request a new security for the same amount.

AI-assisted research summary: The issuer of a security must give the current holder the needed documents and requested information in the amortization procedure, after reimbursement of expenses when requested.

AI-assisted research summary: Claims from securities are subject to the general rules on prescription, unless a special law says otherwise.

AI-assisted research summary: The creditor may demand performance and damages; the debtor must perform the obligation fully and carefully and may be liable for delay or non-performance.

AI-assisted research summary: A debtor is released from liability for damage if it proves it could not perform the obligation, or was delayed because of circumstances arising after the contract that it could not prevent, avoid, or escape.

AI-assisted research summary: A contract may expand a debtor’s liability to cover cases where the debtor would otherwise not be liable, but only if this does not conflict with good faith and fairness.

AI-assisted research summary: A debtor may not заранее exclude liability by contract for intent or gross negligence, and a court may annul a clause excluding liability for ordinary negligence in certain unequal-contract situations.

AI-assisted research summary: The creditor may claim compensation for foreseeable loss and lost profit from a contract breach, and in fraud, intent, or gross negligence may claim all damage.

AI-assisted research summary: If the creditor is at fault, compensation is reduced proportionally.

AI-assisted research summary: A contracting party that must notify the other party about facts affecting their mutual relationship is liable for damage caused if the other party was not informed in time.

AI-assisted research summary: If this subchapter does not provide otherwise, the provisions of this Law on compensation for non-contractual damage apply accordingly to damage compensation cases covered by this subchapter.

AI-assisted research summary: Kreditori dhe debitori mund të bien dakord për dënim kontraktues nëse debitori nuk përmbush ose vonohet me detyrimin, por jo për detyrime në të holla.

AI-assisted research summary: The contracting parties may set the penalty amount themselves, and it must be agreed in the contract form tied to the obligation.

AI-assisted research summary: A contractual penalty agreement follows the legal fate of the obligation it secures, and it loses legal effect if non-performance or delay happened for a cause the debtor is not responsible for.

AI-assisted research summary: The creditor may refrain from seeking a contractual penalty if the non-performance or delay happened for a reason the debtor is not responsible for.

AI-assisted research summary: The creditor may choose performance or the contractual penalty for non-performance, and may sometimes claim both performance and the penalty for delay.

AI-assisted research summary: Gjykata duhet të ulë dënimin kontraktor me kërkesë të debitorit kur e gjen atë tepër të lartë.

AI-assisted research summary: Kreditori mund të kërkojë dënimin kontraktues edhe kur ai është më i madh se dëmi, ose kur nuk ka pasur fare dëm; nëse dëmi është më i madh se dënimi kontraktues, kreditori mund të kërkojë diferencën deri në kompensimin e plotë.

AI-assisted research summary: A creditor generally may not claim both the contractual penalty and the statutory compensation at the same time, unless the law allows it.

AI-assisted research summary: A creditor whose claim is due may challenge the debtor’s legal act if it was done to the creditor’s detriment.

AI-assisted research summary: Një disponim me ngarkesë mund të kundërshtohet kur debitori e dinte ose duhej ta dinte se po u shkaktonte dëm kreditorëve, dhe kur edhe personi i tretë e dinte ose mund ta dinte këtë; për disa të afërm kjo dijeni supozohet.

AI-assisted research summary: A challenge claim may be filed within one year in some cases and within three years in others; the deadline is counted from the date of the challenged act or from the day the omitted act should have been taken.

AI-assisted research summary: Certain customary, rewarding, and gratitude gifts cannot be challenged for harming creditors if they are proportionate to the debtor's means.

AI-assisted research summary: A defendant may avoid the objection if they fulfill the debtor’s obligation.

AI-assisted research summary: If the court approves the claim, the legal act loses effect only against the plaintiff and only as much as needed to satisfy the plaintiff’s claims.

AI-assisted research summary: A creditor may retain a debtor’s thing until the claim is paid, and may also do so if the debtor becomes unable to pay even before the claim is due.

AI-assisted research summary: The creditor cannot keep certain items, and has no right of retention in specified return-demand situations.

AI-assisted research summary: The creditor must return the thing to the debtor if the debtor offers appropriate security for the claim.

AI-assisted research summary: A creditor holding a debtor’s movable item under a retention right may collect from its value, but must notify the debtor before starting collection.

AI-assisted research summary: If a debtor is late in delivering goods of a specified kind, the creditor may, after notifying the debtor, obtain the same kind of goods and claim the price and damages, or claim the value of the goods owed and damages.

AI-assisted research summary: Nëse debitori nuk e përmbush me kohë një detyrim që konsiston në veprim, kreditori mundet, pasi ta njoftojë më parë debitorin, ta kryejë vetë atë veprim me shpenzimet e debitorit.

AI-assisted research summary: Kur një detyrim është për mosveprim, kreditori mund të kërkojë dëmshpërblim, heqjen e ndërtimit të bërë në kundërshtim me detyrimin, ose që gjykata ta lërë ndërtimin dhe të japë dëmshpërblim me para.

AI-assisted research summary: If the debtor does not perform on time under a final judgment, the creditor may set a later suitable deadline and then claim damages instead of accepting performance after that deadline.

AI-assisted research summary: If a debtor fails to perform a non-monetary obligation on time, the court may, at the creditor’s request, set a later deadline and order the debtor to pay a daily money amount for delay.

AI-assisted research summary: An obligation ends when it is fulfilled, or in other cases provided by law.

AI-assisted research summary: A debt may be performed by the debtor or a third person, and the creditor must accept it in the cases stated here.

AI-assisted research summary: An incapacitated debtor may validly perform an obligation if the debt is undisputed and due.

AI-assisted research summary: The debtor must bear the costs of performance unless the creditor caused those costs.

AI-assisted research summary: A performer may agree with the creditor, before or at performance, that the paid claim transfers to the performer with all or some accessory rights.

AI-assisted research summary: If a person with a legal interest performs the obligation, the creditor’s claims transfer to that person by operation of law, together with accessory rights.

AI-assisted research summary: If a creditor’s claim is only partly performed, the accessory rights securing that claim pass to the performer only if they are not needed for the remaining part of the claim.

AI-assisted research summary: The creditor must hand over the means by which the claim is proved or secured to the performer.

AI-assisted research summary: A person who has received the claim may not demand from the debtor more than what they paid the creditor.

AI-assisted research summary: A creditor who receives performance from a third party is not responsible for whether the claim existed or was collectible at the time of performance.

AI-assisted research summary: Performance must be made to the creditor or to another person allowed by law, court decision, contract, or the creditor; payment to a third person is also valid if the creditor later approves it or uses it.

AI-assisted research summary: If performance is made to a creditor who cannot act, the debtor is released if the performance benefited the creditor or the performance item is still with the creditor. The creditor may later approve the performance after becoming capable again.

AI-assisted research summary: Performance must match the obligation itself; the debtor and creditor cannot substitute something else. If the creditor accepted an item as the debt thing but it was not actually that thing, the creditor may return it and demand the actual debt thing.

AI-assisted research summary: If the creditor and debtor agree, the debtor can give something else instead of what is owed and the obligation is extinguished.

AI-assisted research summary: If a debtor gives an item or another right to a creditor to sell and use the proceeds to collect the debtor’s claims, the obligation ends only when the creditor has collected the realized amount.

AI-assisted research summary: The creditor generally does not have to accept partial performance, but must accept partial payment of a monetary debt unless there is a special reason to refuse.

AI-assisted research summary: A debtor must deliver average-quality goods when the goods are specified only by kind, and must deliver goods of the appropriate quality when the destination was known.

AI-assisted research summary: When one debtor owes several identical obligations to the same persons, the debtor may choose the order of allocation at the latest when performing, unless the creditor and debtor agree otherwise.

AI-assisted research summary: If the debtor also owes interest and costs, payments are applied first to costs, then interest, and last to the principal claim.

AI-assisted research summary: If no deadline is set and the nature of the obligation does not require one, the creditor may demand immediate performance and the debtor may ask the creditor to accept performance immediately.

AI-assisted research summary: The debtor may perform early if the deadline is solely for the debtor’s benefit, but must notify the creditor and avoid an unsuitable time.

AI-assisted research summary: The creditor may demand performance before the deadline in certain cases involving missing or reduced security, or if the deadline was agreed solely in the creditor’s interest.

AI-assisted research summary: Nëse koha e përmbushjes i lihet kreditorit ose debitorit, pala tjetër mund t’i kërkojë gjykatës të caktojë një afat plotësues, nëse afati nuk caktohet edhe pas vërejtjes.

AI-assisted research summary: This article sets when a monetary debt is treated as paid when payment goes through a bank or post.

AI-assisted research summary: The debtor must perform the obligation, and the creditor must accept performance, at the agreed or legally determined place.

AI-assisted research summary: Money obligations are to be performed at the creditor’s seat or residence; if the creditor has no residence, at the dwelling place. If payment is made by transfer order, payment is made at the financial institution holding the creditor’s money.

AI-assisted research summary: A person who pays an obligation, in whole or in part, may ask the creditor to issue a receipt; if payment was made in cash through a bank or post, the request is allowed only with a reasonable cause.

AI-assisted research summary: If the creditor refuses to issue the receipt, the debtor may deposit the obligation’s object with the court.

AI-assisted research summary: A debtor who has fully or partly performed may ask the creditor for the promissory note back or for a certified document or note showing the obligation’s end or partial performance.

AI-assisted research summary: A debtor is in delay if they do not perform the obligation within the set deadline, or—if no deadline is set—after the creditor asks them to perform by spoken or written request, extrajudicial warning, or by starting a procedure aimed at performance.

AI-assisted research summary: A creditor is in delay if they unreasonably refuse to accept performance, prevent performance by their conduct, or do not offer their own due performance when accepting the debtor’s reciprocal performance.

AI-assisted research summary: If the creditor is in delay, the debtor’s delay ends, the risk of accidental loss or damage passes to the creditor, interest stops running, and the creditor must compensate the debtor for delay-caused damage and later storage costs.

AI-assisted research summary: A debtor may deposit the owed item in court in certain creditor-availability situations, and must notify the creditor if the debtor knows who and where the creditor is.

AI-assisted research summary: Depozitimi duhet të pranohet nga çdo gjykatë tjetër me kompetencë lëndore, dhe debitori duhet të dëmshpërblejë kreditorin nëse ky dëmtohet nga depozitimi në atë gjykatë.

AI-assisted research summary: If the item owed cannot be kept in court deposit, the debtor may ask the court to designate a person to receive it for safekeeping at the creditor’s expense; the debtor must notify the creditor.

AI-assisted research summary: Debitori mund ta rikthejë sendin e depozituar, por duhet ta njoftojë kreditorin për këtë.

AI-assisted research summary: Depositing the owed thing releases the debtor, ends delay and interest, and shifts accidental loss or damage risk to the creditor.

AI-assisted research summary: The creditor bears the costs of a full and irrevocable deposit if those costs exceed the performance costs that the debtor must pay.

AI-assisted research summary: A debtor may sell the thing instead of depositing it in some situations, must sell perishable things without delay, and must notify the creditor before and after the sale.

AI-assisted research summary: The court must deliver the deposited item to the creditor under the conditions set by the debtor.

AI-assisted research summary: If storage expenses are not paid within a reasonable time, the court must order the thing sold at the custodian’s request and set the manner of sale.

AI-assisted research summary: Debitori mund t’i kompensojë kërkesat me kreditorin kur të dy kërkesat janë për para ose sende të zëvendësueshme të të njëjtit lloj dhe cilësi, dhe kur të dyja kanë arritur për pagesë.

AI-assisted research summary: Kompensimi nuk quhet i kryer vetëm kur plotësohen kushtet; një palë duhet t’ia deklarojë palës tjetër se po bën kompensimin.

AI-assisted research summary: This article limits set-off in a debtor-guarantor situation, allows the guarantor to set off in one case, and lets a person who pledged property for another’s debt ask for the pledged property back in certain circumstances.

AI-assisted research summary: A debt may be set off against a prescribed claim only if the claim was not yet prescribed when the conditions for set-off existed.

AI-assisted research summary: A debtor may set off certain claims against an assignee, but only within the limits and timing rules in this article.

AI-assisted research summary: Some claims cannot be extinguished by setoff.

AI-assisted research summary: A debtor may not set off a claim if that claim became due only after a third party attached the creditor’s claim against the debtor.

AI-assisted research summary: If two persons have several obligations that can be extinguished by compensation, compensation is calculated according to the rules for calculating performance.

AI-assisted research summary: The obligation ends if the creditor tells the debtor they will not seek performance and the debtor agrees. The agreement does not need to be in the same form as the original contract.

AI-assisted research summary: Returning collateral or giving up other security does not by itself mean the creditor gives up the right to demand performance of the obligation.

AI-assisted research summary: If the creditor forgives a surety’s debt, the principal debtor is not released; if the principal debtor’s debt is forgiven, the surety is released.

AI-assisted research summary: General debt forgiveness extinguishes the creditor’s claims against the debtor, except claims the creditor did not know existed when the forgiveness was made.

AI-assisted research summary: An existing debt is extinguished if the creditor and debtor agree to replace it with a new one that has a different object or legal basis.

AI-assisted research summary: Novation only exists if the parties stated that the old obligation would be extinguished when the new one was created.

AI-assisted research summary: A novation extinguishes the old obligation and creates a new one.

AI-assisted research summary: Novation has no effect if the earlier obligation was void or extinguished; if the earlier obligation was only voidable, the novation is valid only if the debtor knew of the defect.

AI-assisted research summary: If a novation contract is declared invalid, it is treated as though no novation occurred and the earlier obligation is treated as continuing.

AI-assisted research summary: An obligation ends by confusion when the same person becomes both debtor and creditor.

AI-assisted research summary: The obligation ends if performance becomes impossible because of circumstances the debtor is not responsible for, and the debtor must prove those circumstances.

AI-assisted research summary: For generic goods, the obligation does not end just because the debtor’s own goods are destroyed without the debtor’s fault; but if the obligation is tied to a specific mass of those goods, it ends when that whole mass disappears.

AI-assisted research summary: A debtor discharged because performance became impossible must assign to the creditor the right he would have against the third party responsible for that impossibility.

AI-assisted research summary: A continuing obligation relationship with a fixed term ends when the term expires, unless the contract or law says it continues indefinitely and it is not denounced on time.

AI-assisted research summary: If the duration of an obligation relationship is not fixed, either party may end it by notice.

AI-assisted research summary: An obligation ends when the debtor or creditor dies only if the obligation was created based on the personal characteristics of one of the contracting parties or the debtor’s personal abilities.

AI-assisted research summary: Parashkrimi shuan të drejtën e kreditorit për të kërkuar përmbushjen e detyrimit, pasi kalon afati ligjor.

AI-assisted research summary: The limitation period starts the day after the creditor first has the right to demand performance, unless a special law says otherwise; for duties to refrain from doing something, it starts the day after the debtor acts against the duty.

AI-assisted research summary: Prescription starts when the last day of the legally set period has expired.

AI-assisted research summary: When calculating limitation time, time that benefited the debtor’s predecessors is also counted.

AI-assisted research summary: A legal act cannot set a prescription period longer or shorter than the period fixed by law, and it cannot provide that prescription will not run for a period of time.

AI-assisted research summary: Debitori nuk mund të heqë dorë nga parashkrimi para se të ketë kaluar koha e caktuar.

AI-assisted research summary: A written acknowledgment of a prescribed debt counts as a waiver of prescription; giving a pledge or other security for a prescribed claim has the same effect.

AI-assisted research summary: Nëse debitori përmbush një detyrim të parashkruar, ai nuk mund të kërkojë kthimin e asaj që ka dhënë, edhe nëse nuk e dinte se detyrimi ishte i parashkruar.

AI-assisted research summary: A secured creditor, after the limitation period has expired, may be paid only from the encumbered asset if the claim is secured by pledge or mortgage and the right is either in the creditor’s possession or registered publicly.

AI-assisted research summary: If the principal claim is prescribed, the accessory claims are prescribed too.

AI-assisted research summary: Rregullat për parashkrimin nuk zbatohen kur ligji cakton një afat për të paraqitur padinë ose për të kryer një veprim, nën kërcënimin e humbjes së të drejtave.

AI-assisted research summary: Claims generally prescribe after 5 years, unless a different limitation period is set by law.

AI-assisted research summary: Periodic claims generally time-bar after 3 years from each separate due date.

AI-assisted research summary: A right giving rise to periodic claims prescribes after 5 years, and once it prescribes the creditor loses the right to claim both future and already-due periodic prestations; a maintenance right established by law cannot prescribe.

AI-assisted research summary: Reciprocal claims from commercial contracts, including claims for reimbursement of related expenses, prescribe after 3 years.

AI-assisted research summary: A rent claim prescribes after three years.

AI-assisted research summary: This article sets limitation periods for damage compensation claims: 3 years from knowledge of the damage and the person who caused it, 5 years from the damage occurring in any case, the contractual-duty claim period as set for that duty, and 15 years after a minor reaches maturity for claims from sexual abuse of a minor.

AI-assisted research summary: A claim for damages caused by a criminal offence becomes time-barred when the criminal prosecution limitation period expires, if that prosecution period is longer.

AI-assisted research summary: A corruption-related damages claim prescribes 5 years after the injured party learns of the damage and who caused it, and in any event 15 years after the act.

AI-assisted research summary: Several listed claims prescribe after one year.

AI-assisted research summary: Claims confirmed by a final court decision, another competent authority’s decision, or the parties’ settlement are prescribed after 10 years; periodic future-payable claims from those decisions or settlements follow the usual period for periodic claims.

AI-assisted research summary: This article sets limitation periods for insurance claims, with different time limits depending on the type of insurance and when the claimant learned of the insured event.

AI-assisted research summary: Prescription does not run between certain close relationships, including spouses, parents and children while parental authority lasts, persons under guardianship and their guardian/guardianship authority during guardianship, and people living together while that cohabitation continues.

AI-assisted research summary: Prescription does not run during mobilization or war for claims tied to military duty, and it also does not run for claims by employees in a foreign domestic economy against the employer or cohabiting family members while that employment relationship lasts.

AI-assisted research summary: The limitation period does not run during the time a creditor cannot, because of insurmountable obstacles, seek court enforcement of the obligation.

AI-assisted research summary: If prescription is prevented from starting by a legal cause, it begins once that cause ends; if it was already running before the cause arose, it resumes after the cause ends and the time already elapsed still counts.

AI-assisted research summary: Prescription rules apply to minors and other persons incapable of acting, even if they have a legal representative.

AI-assisted research summary: Prescription is interrupted when the debtor acknowledges the debt.

AI-assisted research summary: Prescription is interrupted when a lawsuit is filed or when the creditor takes another action against the debtor before a court or other competent authority to establish, secure, or enforce the claim.

AI-assisted research summary: If the creditor abandons the lawsuit or if the claim/action is rejected, refused, or declared invalid, the interruption of prescription is treated as not having occurred.

AI-assisted research summary: If a claim is dismissed for lack of court competence or another non-merits reason, and the creditor files again within 3 months after the dismissal becomes final, the limitation period is treated as interrupted by the first claim.

AI-assisted research summary: A creditor’s written or spoken invitation to the debtor to perform the obligation is not enough to interrupt prescription.

AI-assisted research summary: If prescription is interrupted, the period starts running again and the time before interruption is not counted.

AI-assisted research summary: If the debtor acknowledges the debt and the creditor and debtor agree to change the basis or object of the obligation, the new claim is prescribed under the time limit set for that claim.

AI-assisted research summary: If a debt is for a sum of money, the debtor must pay the same amount, unless the creditor and debtor agree otherwise in accordance with law.

AI-assisted research summary: Contracting parties may agree to revalue a debtor’s monetary obligations by reference to price changes, foreign currency exchange rates, or other price changes, unless the agreement conflicts with law.

AI-assisted research summary: A debtor may pay monetary obligations early, and any contract clause waiving that right is void.

AI-assisted research summary: Debitori duhet të paguajë edhe kamatën, nëse kjo parashihet me ligj ose është kontraktuar nga kreditori dhe debitori.

AI-assisted research summary: This article generally forbids interest on unpaid contractual interest, unless another law says otherwise.

AI-assisted research summary: Interest stops accruing when the amount of interest due reaches the principal debt amount.

AI-assisted research summary: A loan or similar agreement is presumed to be usurious if the agreed interest is 50% higher than the late-payment interest rate, unless the creditor rebuts that presumption. The presumption does not apply to commercial contracts.

AI-assisted research summary: A debtor who delays paying a monetary obligation owes late-payment interest in addition to the principal.

AI-assisted research summary: Kreditori dhe debitori mund të bien dakord me kontratë që kamata e vonesës të jetë më e ulët ose më e lartë se niveli i caktuar me ligj.

AI-assisted research summary: The creditor is entitled to late-payment interest even if no damage occurred, and may claim the difference if the damage is greater than the interest amount.

AI-assisted research summary: The contracting parties may agree that the debtor must pay contractual interest in addition to the principal amount.

AI-assisted research summary: Rules on contractual interest also apply, as appropriate, to other obligations of the same kind, including obligations involving fungible things.

AI-assisted research summary: If an obligation has multiple objects, the debtor normally has the right to choose which one to deliver, unless the parties agreed otherwise.

AI-assisted research summary: The party with the right to choose makes the choice by notifying the other party, and after that the choice cannot be changed.

AI-assisted research summary: The debtor keeps the right to choose until an item owed is delivered in enforcement proceedings. If the creditor has the choice and does not choose on time, the debtor may give the creditor a new deadline, after which the choice passes to the debtor.

AI-assisted research summary: Nëse një person i tretë duhet të bëjë zgjedhjen dhe nuk e bën, secila palë mund t’i kërkojë gjykatës ta bëjë ajo zgjedhjen.

AI-assisted research summary: Nëse objekti i detyrimit bëhet i pamundur për shkak të një ngjarjeje për të cilën asnjëra palë nuk mban përgjegjësi, detyrimi kufizohet vetëm te objekti i mbetur.

AI-assisted research summary: If performance becomes impossible because one party is responsible, the rules say whether the obligation is limited or ends, and which party may choose the remaining performance or damages.

AI-assisted research summary: Debitori mund të përdorë një objekt tjetër të caktuar për t’u liruar nga detyrimi, derisa kreditori të mos e ketë marrë ende plotësisht ose pjesërisht objektin e detyrimit në përmbarim të detyrueshëm.

AI-assisted research summary: In an optional obligation, the creditor may demand only the owed object, not the alternative object the debtor may also use to perform.

AI-assisted research summary: If a contract or law lets the creditor choose another specified object instead of the one owed, the debtor must deliver that object when the creditor asks.

AI-assisted research summary: An obligation is divisible if it can be divided and performed in equal-quality parts without losing value; otherwise it is indivisible.

AI-assisted research summary: If a contract creates a divisible debt with multiple debtors, they are jointly liable to the creditor unless the parties expressly remove joint liability.

AI-assisted research summary: Each solidary debtor is liable for the whole debt, and the creditor may demand full performance from any one of them until the debt is fully paid.

AI-assisted research summary: A solidary debtor may rely on compensation made by a co-debtor, and may set off the co-debtor’s claim against the creditor only up to that co-debtor’s share of the solidary debt.